| Record ID |
Name |
Trait(s) |
Donor organism |
Function |
|
100274
|
(1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase gene
|
Changes in quality and/or metabolite content - Carbohydrates
|
|
This chimeric, synthetic gene produces a thermostable (1,3-1,4)-ß-glucanase that has the ability to depolymerise glucans in the aleurone and endosperm during germination of cereal seeds (caryopses).
|
|
46095
|
1-sst
|
Increased inulin
|
Helianthus tuberosus - Sunflower, Jerusalem artichokes
|
Involved in inulin biosynthesis by catalysis the synthesis of the trisaccharide 1-kestose from two molecules of sucrose, thereby releasing glucose.
|
|
46333
|
2mepsps
|
Resistance to herbicides - Glyphosate
|
Zea mays - Maize, Corn
|
The 2mepsps gene was generated by introducing mutations into the wild-type epsps (wt
epsps) gene from maize, leading to a double mutant EPSPS protein with two amino acid
substitutions (2mEPSPS). This modification confers the protein a decreased binding affinity
for glyphosate, allowing it to maintain sufficient enzymatic activity in the presence of the
herbicide. Therefore, the plants bearing this gene are tolerant to glyphosate herbicides.
|
|
100356
|
3' untranslated region of the wheat heat shock protein 17.3 (T-Hsp17)
|
|
Triticum aestivum - Wheat
|
|
|
101025
|
3’me1 terminator
|
|
Flaveria bidentis - Coastalplain Yellowtops
|
|
|
100354
|
5' untranslated leader from wheat chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (L-Cab)
|
|
Triticum aestivum - Wheat
|
|
|
101026
|
5’e1 promoter
|
|
Oryza sativa - Rice
|
|
|
46121
|
7Crp gene
|
Changes in quality and/or metabolite content - Allergens
|
Cryptomeria japonica - Japanese cedar, Japanese cedar
|
The 7Crp peptide is the hybrid peptide of seven major human T-cell epitopes derived from Japanese cedar pollen allergens Cry j 1 and Cry j 2.
Allergy prevention
|
|
15033
|
aad
|
Resistance to antibiotics - Streptomycin
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
The aad gene confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics such as spectinomycin and streptomycin. Typically used as a marker gene.
|
|
101028
|
aadA gene
|
Resistance to antibiotics
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
Confers resistance to erythromycin, streptomycin, and spectinomycin
|
|
15013
|
accd
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Pseudomonas chlororaphis - Bacteria
|
The accd gene encodes the enzyme ACCd. In the plant, this enzyme catalyzes metabolism of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-arboxylic acid (ACC), an essential precursor for the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene.
|
|
48073
|
acetohydroxy acid synthase (ahas) - mutant isoform
|
Resistance to herbicides - Sulfonylurea
|
Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress
|
AHAS is an essential enzyme for many organisms as it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine.
A mutant form of the ahas gene was isolated from a herbicide-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana which differs from the wild type gene by only a single base pair. ...
|
|
100268
|
acetolactate synthase ([i]gm-hra[/i]) (synthetically modified)
|
Resistance to herbicides - Sulfonylurea
|
Glycine max - Soyabean, Soybean
|
The [i]gm-hra[/i] gene has been modified from the soybean acetolactate synthase gene ([i]als[/i]) and encodes a modified version of the enzyme acetolactate synthase.
[i]gm-hra[/i] confers tolerance to a sulfonylurea herbicide and may be used as a selectable marker during transformation.
|
|
15012
|
acs (Dianthus)
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Dianthus caryophyllus - Carnation
|
The acc gene encodes a truncated copy of the carnation 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase encoding gene in order to suppress expression of the endogenous unmodified gene (which is required for normal ethylene biosynthesis) through gene silencing.
|
|
15014
|
acs (Lycopersicum)
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato, Tomato
|
The acs gene encodes a truncated copy of the tomato 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase encoding gene in order to suppress expression of the endogenous unmodified gene (which is required for normal ethylene biosynthesis) through gene silencing.
|
|
45818
|
Ag85a gene
|
Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) - Vaccines
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Bacteria
|
Used in a chimeric mycobacterium tuberculosis gene vaccine, which comprises Ag85a gene (encoding a structural protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis) in conjunction with ESAT6 gene of mycobacterium tuberculosis, wherein the ESAT6 gene is inserted into the sequence of Ag85a gene, and the Ag85a gene is inserted to eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1.
Production of <medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal)>
Vaccines
|
|
41319
|
ahas
|
Resistance to herbicides - Imidazolinone
|
|
|
|
45795
|
Alpha S1 caesin gene
|
|
Bos taurus - Cattle
|
The caseins are the major milk proteins of mammals. Their dual function for the suckling infant is to serve as a major source of amino acids, as well as to transport phosphate and calcium in sufficient amounts to support growth of bones.
Alpha S1 caesin aids in the export of the caseins out of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Changes in <quality and/or metabolite content>
Protein and amino acids
|
|
15007
|
als (arabidopsis)
|
Resistance to herbicides - Sulfonylurea
|
Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress
|
The als gene confers tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides through production of the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS).
|
|
14966
|
amy797E
|
Thermostable alpha-amylase
|
Thermococcales spp.
|
The amy797E gene encodes a thermostable alpha-amylase. This enzyme splits starch into smaller sugar subunits (saccharification). Splitting starch into sugar is the first step in producing bioethanol from plants.
|
|
43794
|
Anthocyanin 5-acyltransferase (5AT) gene
|
Changes in quality and/or metabolite content - Pigmentation / Coloration
|
Torenia sp. - Torenia hybrid
|
Anthocyanin 5-acyltransferase is an enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway that alters the production of a type of anthocyanin called delphinidin.
|
|
14991
|
aph4 (also known as hph, hpt or hyg)
|
Resistance to antibiotics - Hygromycin
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
The aph4 gene encodes an enzyme, hygromycin phosphotransferase, which confers resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin B. Aph4 is typically used as a marker gene in modern biotechnology.
|
|
14967
|
aphII
|
Resistance to antibiotics - Kanamycin
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
The aphII gene confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin. Typically used as a marker gene.
|
|
46072
|
apM1
|
|
Mus musculus - Mouse, House mouse
|
Adiponectin concentrations correlate negatively with glucose, insulin, triglyceride concentrations, liver fat content and body mass index and positively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, hepatic insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Adiponectin has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and decrease plasma glucose by increasing tissue fat oxidation. ...
|
|
48365
|
apyrase-gene
|
Other growth, development and product quality
|
Solanum tuberosum - Potato
|
Apyrases are enzymes that transform ATP via ADP to AMP without triggering an endergonic reaction in the process. These enzymes have been identified in the tissues of animals, plants (among others in Arabidopsis thaliana, legumes and potatoes) and fungi and apparently have predominantly regulatory functions. ...
|
|
45913
|
aroA
|
Resistance to herbicides - Glyphosate
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
Involved in EPSP biosynthesis. The aroA gene, which encodes 3-phosphoenolpyruvylshikimate-5-phosphate synthetase, an enzyme of the common aromatic biosynthetic pathway, is located adjacent and promoterdistal to ser C in the ser C- aroA operon. Loss of function for the aro A gene in the recipient results in a requirement for aromatic metabolites, including tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, p -aminobenzoate (PABA) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate. ...
|
|
48458
|
AtSDD1
|
Tolerance to abiotic stress - Drought
|
Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress
|
The gene product of the sdd1-gene (stomatal density and distribution), SDD1 is a subtilisin-like serine protease, which evidently functions as a negative regulator of guard cell development. The overexpression of SDD1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana causes a reduction of guard cell density to approximately 40% of the wild type.
|
|
14972
|
bar
|
Resistance to herbicides - Glufosinate
|
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
|
The bar gene codes for the enzyme phosphinothricin-acetyltransferase (PAT) and leads to increased tolerance to glufosinate-containing herbicides.
|
|
14973
|
barnase
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Reproduction - Male sterility
|
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
|
The barnase gene causes male sterility by producing a ribonuclease enzyme (RNAse) that interferes with RNA production in specific cells of the pollen sac, thus disrupting their normal cell functioning and preventing the development of pollen.
|
|
14974
|
barstar
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Fertility restoration
|
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
|
The barstar gene restores fertility in a hybrid line by coding for a ribonuclease inhibitor (barstar), which specifically inhibits the barnase expressed by a male sterile line. As a result, when pollen from the fertility restorer line is crossed to the male sterile line, the resultant progeny are able to develop normal anthers and pollen.
|
|
48366
|
be1
|
altered carbohydrate composition: increased amylopectin content
|
Solanum tuberosum - Potato
|
The be1 and be2 genes code for starch branching enzymes which catalyse the splitting of alpha-1,4-glucans and the subsequent formation of alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds between glucan chains during amylopectin synthesis.
The isozymes BE1 and BE2 differ with regard to their amino acid sequences, their expression patter (BE1 is expressed mainly in potato tubers, BE2 mainly in leaves) and their specificity (e.g. size of the transferred carbohydrate chains).
|
|
48453
|
be2
|
altered carbohydrate composition: increased amylopectin content
|
Solanum tuberosum - Potato
|
The be1 and be2 genes code for starch branching enzymes which catalyse the splitting of alpha-1,4-glucans and the subsequent formation of alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds between glucan chains during amylopectin synthesis.
The isozymes BE1 and BE2 differ with regard to their amino acid sequences, their expression patter (BE1 is expressed mainly in potato tubers, BE2 mainly in leaves) and their specificity (e.g. size of the transferred carbohydrate chains).
|
|
46006
|
beta-gal
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
β-galactosidase is a hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-galactosides into monosaccharides. Substrates of different β-galactosidases include ganglioside GM1, lactosylceramides, lactose, and various glycoproteins. β-galactosidase activity is easily assayed.
|
|
45848
|
beta-LG variant DNA
|
|
Bos taurus - Cattle
|
Transport and uptake of retinol
|
|
14975
|
bla
|
Resistance to antibiotics - Ampicillin
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
The bla gene confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. Typically used as a marker gene.
|
|
45876
|
blaZ
|
Resistance to antibiotics
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
Beta-Lactamase III is a lipoprotein, a hydrophobic moiety that functions as the anchor of the protein in the membrane lipid bilayer. The amino acid sequence deduced from blaZ contains a 29-residue NH2-terminal segment of the type that can undergo lipid modification. It should also undergo cleavage by the lipoprotein-specific signal peptidase.
|
|
15011
|
bp40
|
Changes in quality and/or metabolite content - Pigmentation / Coloration
|
Viola sp. - Pansy
|
The bp40 gene codes for the enzyme F3’, 5’H, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of blue coloured anthocyanin pigment delphinidin.
|
|
100287
|
CaMV 35S promoter (35S promoter; p35S)
|
|
Cauliflower mosaic virus - CaMV
|
|
|
100290
|
CaMV 35S terminator (T35S)
|
|
Cauliflower mosaic virus - CaMV
|
|
|
45840
|
cct (c-cpn or TriC)
|
|
Oncorhynchus mykiss - Rainbow trout
|
This chaperonin is essential for the productive folding of actins and tubulins. There is also evidence that CCT participates in the folding of Gα transducin, cyclin E, and the Hippel–Landau tumor suppressor protein VHL.
|
|
45914
|
cct (c-cpn or TriC)
|
|
Carassius auratus - Goldfish, Goldfish
|
This chaperonin is essential for the productive folding of actins and tubulins. There is also evidence that CCT participates in the folding of Gα transducin, cyclin E, and the Hippel–Landau tumor suppressor protein VHL.
|
|
45915
|
cct (c-cpn or TriC)
|
|
Danio rerio - Zebra fish, Zebrafish
|
This chaperonin is essential for the productive folding of actins and tubulins. There is also evidence that CCT participates in the folding of Gα transducin, cyclin E, and the Hippel–Landau tumor suppressor protein VHL.
|
|
45883
|
cDNA ecoding Hemagglutinin (HA)
|
|
Influenza virus
|
Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), a homotrimer of subunits with two polypeptide chains, HA, and HA2, mediates binding of the virus to sialic acid-containing cell-surface receptors, initiating endocytosis, and the subsequent fusion of the viral and endosomal membranes by an acid-induced conformational change. A domain formed by the HA, chain contains the receptor-binding site and a significant proportion of the antigenic epitopes. ...
|
|
45854
|
cDNA encoding ADP-dependent glucokinase
|
|
Homo sapiens - Humans
|
ADP-GK catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate using ADP as the phosphate donor. GDP and CDP can replace ADP, but with reduced efficiency.
|
|
45882
|
cDNA encoding Matrix protein (M2)
|
|
Influenza virus
|
M2 is an ion channel protein involved in uncoating and HA maturation. It may play a role during early stages in viral entry.
Potential vaccine target.
|
|
45885
|
cDNA encoding Neuraminidase (NA)
|
|
Influenza virus
|
The neuraminidase (NA) molecule of influenza A virus is a type II membrane glycoprotein. The NA facilitates the mobility of virions by removing sialic acid residues from virus and infected cells during both entry and release from the cells. ...
|
|
45896
|
cDNA encoding Non-structural protein (NS1)
|
|
Influenza virus
|
Vaccine target; Immunization with purified NS1 or passive administration of some anti-YF and anti-DEN NS1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) protects mice against lethal virus challenge. ...
|
|
45880
|
cDNA from RNA segment 5 encoding Nucleoprotein (NP)
|
|
Influenza virus
|
Nucleoprotein, a single-strand RNA (ssRNA) binding protein, is a key adaptor molecule between virus and host cell processes. It encapsidates the virus genome to form a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle for the purposes of transcription and packaging. NP is able to self-associate to form large oligomeric complexes. It also binds the PB1 and PB2 subunits of the polymerase and the matrix protein M1. ...
|
|
45884
|
cDNA from RNA segment 6 encoding Neuraminidase (NB)
|
|
Influenza virus
|
NB (a glycoprotein expressed in Influenza B) is an integral membrane protein expressed at the infected cell surface and is not in virions. Although its role in virus replication is still unknown, it is thought to be involved in organizing proteins at the cell surface to form patches of viral proteins or in the budding process.
|
|
45881
|
cDNA from RNA segment 7 encoding Matrix protein (M1)
|
|
Influenza virus
|
M1 functions in virus assembly. It is the major structural component of the virion which is thought to act as an adaptor between the lipid envelope and the internal RNP particles and is probably the driving force behind virus budding. Inside the shell of M1 lie the RNPs. M1 is involved in nuclear export of RNPs. M1 binds to the cell membrane by means of stretches of hydrophobic amino acids, and downregulates viral transcription.
|
|
45898
|
cDNA from segment 8 encoding Non-structural protein (NS2)
|
|
Influenza virus
|
It has been established that the protein is present in purified virions, where it interacts with the virus matrix (M1) protein. NS2 is also involed in RNP complex transportation and virus RNA replication.
Aka. NEP
|
|
100382
|
chloramphenicol-acetyl-transferase (cat)
|
Resistance to antibiotics - Chloramphenicol
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) is a bacterial enzyme that detoxifies the antibiotic chloramphenicol and is responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria.
|
|
14978
|
cordapA
|
Amino acid composition (increased lysine content)
|
Corynebacterium glutamicum
|
The cordapA gene produces dihydrodipicolinate synthase which results in an increased production of the amino acid lysine.
|
|
15027
|
cp (CMV)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Viruses - Mosaic virus - Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
|
Cucumber mosaic virus - CMV
|
The cp gene from CMV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by CMV.
|
|
45835
|
cp (ORSV)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Viruses
|
Odontoglossum ringspot virus - Viruses
|
Facilitates systemic, long-distance, and cell-to-cell movement.
|
|
15026
|
cp (PRSV)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Papaya ringspot potyvirus resistance
|
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)
|
The cp gene from PRSV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Papaya ringspot potyvirus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PRSV.
|
|
15020
|
cp (PVY)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Viruses - Potato virus Y (PVY)
|
Potato virus Y (PVY)
|
The cp gene from PVY encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Potato virus Y strain O. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PVY.
|
|
15024
|
cp (WMV-2)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Viruses - Mosaic virus - Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV2)
|
Watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV-2)
|
The cp gene from WMV-2 encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Watermelon mosaic virus-2. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by WMV-2.
|
|
15025
|
cp (ZYMV)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Viruses - Mosaic virus - Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)
|
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)
|
The cp gene from ZYMV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by ZYMV.
|
|
14979
|
cp4 epsps
|
Resistance to herbicides - Glyphosate
|
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4
|
The cp4 epsps gene encodes for a version of EPSPS that is highly tolerant to inhibition by glyphosate and therefore leads to increased tolerance to glyphosate-containing herbicides.
|
|
14985
|
cry1A(b)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis - Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki
|
The cry1A(b) gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant from the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis).
|
|
14986
|
cry1A(c)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis - Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki
|
The cry1A(c) gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which confers resistance to lepidopteran pests of cotton, such as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens).
|
|
43771
|
cry1A.105 (also known as CS-cry1A.105 3.53)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis
|
The cry1A.105 gene from Bacillus thuringiensis codes for a protein comprised of naturally occurring Cry1Ab, Cry1F, and Cry1Ac proteins that confer resistance against certain species of lepidoptera, such as fall armyworm (Spodoptera spp.) and black cutworm (Agroptis ipsilon). ...
|
|
14987
|
cry1F
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis - Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki
|
The cry1F gene codes for codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant against the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and other lepidopterans such as the pink borer (Sesamia spp.), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) and southwestern corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella).
|
|
14988
|
cry2A(b)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis - Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki
|
The cry2A(b) gene encodes codes for a Bt-toxin, which confers resistance to lepidopteran pests of cotton, such as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens).
|
|
14994
|
cry34Ab1
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Coleoptera (beetles)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis - Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki
|
The cry34Ab1 gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant against Coleopteran insects, such as western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), northern corn rootworm (D. barberi), and mexican corn rootworm (D. virgifera zeae).
|
|
14995
|
cry35Ab1
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Coleoptera (beetles)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis - Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki
|
The cry35Ab1 gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant against Coleopteran insects, such as western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), northern corn rootworm (D. barberi), and mexican corn rootworm (D. virgifera zeae).
|
|
14989
|
cry3A
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Coleoptera (beetles)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis - Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki
|
The cry3A gene codes for a Bt-Toxin, which confers resistance to western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica longicornis barberi) and other related coleopteran species.
|
|
14993
|
cry3Bb1
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Coleoptera (beetles)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis
|
The cry3Bb1 gene, isolated from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subspecies kumamotoensis, produces the insect control protein Cry3Bb1, a delta-endotoxin. The Cry3Bb1 protein provides protection against the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica vigifera) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi). ...
|
|
14996
|
cry9c
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis - Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki
|
The cry9c gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant against Coleopteran insects, such as western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), northern corn rootworm (D. barberi), and mexican corn rootworm (D. virgifera zeae).
|
|
100995
|
csr1-2
|
Resistance to herbicides - Imidazolinone
|
Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress
|
The coding region of the csr1-2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana is 2013 bp long and encodes the AtAHASL protein, an acetohydroxyacid synthase protein that confers tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides due to a point mutation that results in a single amino acid substitution in which the serine residue at position 653 is replaced by asparagine (S653N).
|
|
100280
|
cThEn42(GC); Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Fungi
|
|
The encoded enzyme is an endochitinase which has the ability to randomly break down chitin (poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine), the essential scaffold-forming component of the fungal cell wall, within the polymer.
|
|
45832
|
cyt-b gene
|
|
|
Cytochrome b is one of the cytochromes involved in the electron transport in the respiratory chain of mitochondria.
The cytochrome b gene is the most widely used gene for phylogenetic work for several reasons. Although it evolves slowly in terms of non-synonymous substitutions, the rate of evolution in silent positions is relatively fast. The wide use of cytochrome b has created a status as a universal metric, in the sense that studies can be easily compared. ...
|
|
46078
|
Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) promoter
|
|
Rattus norvegicus - Norway rat, Brown rat
|
|
|
45841
|
D18S53
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Homo sapiens - Humans
|
Microsatellite marker on Chromosome 18
|
|
15008
|
dam
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Reproduction - Male sterility
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
The dam gene causes male sterility by preventing transformed plants from producing anthers or pollen.
|
|
100267
|
delta(12)-fatty acid dehydrogenase (gm-fad2-1)
|
|
Glycine max - Soyabean, Soybean
|
|
|
15009
|
dfr
|
Changes in quality and/or metabolite content - Pigmentation / Coloration
|
Petunia hybrida - Petunia, Petunia
|
The gene encodes dihydroflavonol reductase hydroxylase which functions in the biosynthesis of the blue-coloured anthocyanin pigment delphinidin.
|
|
100728
|
Dicamba monooxygenase (DMO) gene
|
Resistance to herbicides
|
|
|
|
45799
|
DNA (chromosome 9p) encoding Talin (TLN)
|
|
Homo sapiens - Humans
|
Talin plays a key role in the assembly of actin filaments and in spreading and migration of various cell types.
Talin is a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal protein, localized at cell–extracellular matrix associations known as focal contacts. In these regions, talin is thought to link integrin receptors to the actin cytoskeleton.
Talin proteins are found in a wide variety of organisms, from slime molds to humans. ...
|
|
45800
|
DNA encdoing 2,6-sialyl transferase
|
|
Rattus rattus - Black rat, Rat
|
Glycosyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus synthesize cell wall polysaccharides and elaborate the complex glycans of glycoproteins. 2,6-sialyltransferase, is a glycosyltransferase of the mammalian trans-Golgi cisternae and the trans-Golgi network. ...
|
|
46098
|
DNA encoding Initiation Factor 4A (eIF4AI)
|
|
Mus musculus - Mouse, House mouse
|
Essential function in translation
Member of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family that couples ATPase activity to RNA binding and unwinding.
|
|
45797
|
DNA encoding Initiation Factor 4A (eIF4AII)
|
|
Mus musculus - Mouse, House mouse
|
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) is an RNA-dependent ATPase and ATP-dependent RNA helicase that is thought to melt the 5' proximal secondary structure of eukaryotic mRNAs to facilitate attachment of the 40S ribosomal subunit. eIF4A functions in a complex termed eIF4F with two other initiation factors (eIF4E and eIF4G).
May be an intermediary in neural induction.
Facilitates translation of certain mRNAs; DEAD-box RNA helicase
|
|
45798
|
DNA sequences encoding the eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4A (eIF4AIII)
|
|
Mus musculus - Mouse, House mouse
|
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) is an RNA-dependent ATPase and ATP-dependent RNA helicase that is thought to melt the 5' proximal secondary structure of eukaryotic mRNAs to facilitate attachment of the 40S ribosomal subunit. eIF4A functions in a complex termed eIF4F with two other initiation factors (eIF4E and eIF4G). ...
|
|
45817
|
DOC1
|
|
|
Doc1 (downregulated in ovarian cancer 1)/Apc10 has a role in APC-dependent ubiquitination reactions.
|
|
45811
|
E1 of Adenovirus
|
|
Human adenovirus E - Viruses
|
E1 and E3 genes, deleted in most adenovirus vectors, induce unscheduled DNA synthesis and inhibit apoptotic cell death.
E1 adenovirus (Ad) vector infection of human alveolar macrophages (AM) inhibits HIV-1 replication independently of any transgene.
4 early genes (E1-4) encode proteins for replication; E1 gene product trans-activates other early gene promoters
|
|
45803
|
E1 of Papillomavirus
|
|
Human papillomavirus
|
E1 and E2 genes are necessary and sufficient for episomal viral DNA replication in cultured cells and in a cell-free system.
E1 and E2 genes mediate plasmid DNA replication in cultured cells and in a cell extract.
Regulatory gene function
E1 protein is required for viral DNA replication and can bind to the origin of replication alone or in a complex with the E2 transactivator protein.
|
|
45812
|
E2 of Adenovirus
|
|
Human adenovirus E - Viruses
|
Encodes for viral DNA polymerase and the adenoviral singlestranded DNA-binding protein. The E2 proteins provide the machinery for viral DNA replication and transcription of late genes.
|
|
45804
|
E2 of Papillomavirus
|
|
Human papillomavirus
|
E1 and E2 genes are necessary and sufficient for episomal viral DNA replication in cultured cells and in a cell-free system.
E1 and E2 genes mediate plasmid DNA replication in cultured cells and in a cell extract.
Regulatory gene function
The E2 gene has been identified as the encoder of a transacting protein necessary for transactivation of the viral promoters. The domain(s) of E2 involved in protein-protein interaction might be the critical elements in transcription enhancement. ...
|
|
45813
|
E3 of Adenovirus
|
|
Human adenovirus E - Viruses
|
Adenovirus infection induces apoptosis by multiple paradigms that involve viral proteins coded by three different early gene regions, E1A, E3, and E4. These cell death programs are antagonized by a different set of viral proteins coded by early gene blocks E1B, E3, and E4. ...
|
|
45814
|
E4 of Adenovirus
|
|
Human adenovirus E - Viruses
|
Influences hepatotoxicity and inflammation induced by virus; Direct influence on the persistence of transgene expression; Involved in transcription.
E4 open reading frames ((i) ORF3, OKF6 and ORF7; or (ii) ORF3 and ORF4; or (iii) ORF1, ORF2, ORF3 and ORF4): pharmaceutical applications for improving the expression and/or persistence of expression of a gene of interest inserted into an expression vector.
|
|
45805
|
E4 of Papillomavirus
|
|
Human papillomavirus
|
E4 protein has been reported to have highly specific antigenicity.
Related to the productive stage of viral infection.
E4 is tightly linked to host cell differentiation; it likely plays an important role in the viral life cycle.
Association with cytokeratins and the concomitant destabilization of cytokeratin networks. ...
|
|
45806
|
E5 of Papillomavirus
|
|
Human papillomavirus
|
E5 gene can induce focus formation, stable and acute morphologic transformation, and DNA synthesis, and it activates the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta receptor. ...
|
|
45807
|
E6 of Papillomavirus
|
|
Human papillomavirus
|
The E6 and the E7 proteins modulate cellular proteins that regulate the cell cycle. In cooperation with the cellular protein E6-AP, the E6 protein binds to the tumor suppressor protein, p53, and targets it for accelerated degradation. The E6 protein also induces expression of human telomerase (hTERT), the catalytic protein subunit of telomerase, the enzyme that maintains the ends of chromosomes. ...
|
|
45808
|
E7 of Papillomavirus
|
|
Human papillomavirus
|
Reactivates host DNA replication machinery to support viral replication in differentiated, noncycling cells.
E6 and E7 proteins to bind to the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and retinoblastoma susceptibility protein (pRB) and related pi07, respectively, which are negative regulators of cell proliferation. ...
|
|
45843
|
eae
|
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
Mediates intimate bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells.
The eae gene, encoding intimin, has been sequenced in a variety of AE bacteria including human EPEC and EHEC, AEEC strains isolated from a rabbit, a calf, a dog and a pig, and C. rodentium and H. alvei. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences has revealed that intimins are highly conserved proteins at the N-terminal region, but highly variable at their C-termini. ...
|
|
45463
|
epsps
|
Resistance to herbicides - Glyphosate
|
Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress
|
Herbicide tolerance
|
|
45860
|
erm(A)
|
Resistance to antibiotics
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae - Bacteria
|
The erm(A) gene is common in Streptococcus pyogenes but rare in S. pneumoniae, even if recent studies have demonstrated an increased detection of this resistance determinant.
Confers resistance to 14- and 15-member macrolides and inducible resistance to clindamycin (but not streptogramin B)
See References
|
|
45859
|
erm(B)
|
Resistance to antibiotics
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae - Bacteria
|
Confers resistance to the antibiotics erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, and roxithromycin.
Macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae is mediated by 2 major mechanisms: methylation of ribosomal macrolide target sites, encoded by the erm(B) gene, and drug efflux, encoded by mef(A) (14-17). While erm(B) is the dominant genotype across much of the world, mef(A)-mediated mechanisms of resistance predominate in the United States (14).
|
|
45844
|
espA
|
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) encode a type III secretion system located on a pathogenicity island known as the locus for enterocyte effacement. Four proteins are known to be exported by this type III secretion system--EspA, EspB and EspD required for subversion of host cell signal transduction pathways.
Involved in bacteria-host cell interaction
The espA gene from the different EPEC strains share at least 65% DNA identity.
|
|
45046
|
FeLV-env
|
|
Feline leukemia virus - Feline leukemia virus
|
The feline Leukemia virus env gene (FeLV-env) encodes a glycoprotein. The FeLV-env is used together with the nucleoprotein (FeLV-gag) and reverse transcriptase (FeLV-pol) genes of the feline leukemia virus in a vaccine. The FeLV-env gene induces the production of anti-viral antibodies helping to prevent the disease in cats.
|
|
45047
|
FeLV-gag
|
|
Feline leukemia virus - Feline leukemia virus
|
The feline leukemia virus gag gene (FeLV-gag) encodes a nucleoprotein. The complete FeLV-gag gene is used together with the glycoprotein (FeLV-env) and reverse transcriptase (FeLV-pol) genes of the feline leukemia virus in vaccines to help preventing the disease in cats.
|
|
45048
|
FeLV-pol
|
|
Feline leukemia virus - Feline leukemia virus
|
The feline leukemia virus pol gene (FeLV-pol) encodes a reverse transcriptase (enzyme that "converts", i.e., reverse transcribes, RNA into DNA). A portion of the FeLV-pol gene that is not expressed is used together with the glycoprotein (FeLV-env) and the complete nucleoprotein (FeLV-gag) genes of the feline leukemia virus in vaccines to help preventing the disease in cats.
|
|
45801
|
fibrinogen A alpha gene
|
|
Homo sapiens - Humans
|
Fibrinogen A alpha is a precursor to fibrin, the major protein constituent of the hemostatic plug.
Fibrinogen is a complex glycoprotein consisting of 3 homologous polypeptide chains, Aalpha, Bbeta, and gamma, which form a symmetrical dimer with the structure (Aalpha Bbeta gamma)2.
|
|
100358
|
Figwort mosaic virus promoter (P-FWV)
|
|
Figwort mosaic virus
|
|
|
45847
|
filamin A recombinant cDNA
|
|
Homo sapiens - Humans
|
The three filamin isoforms in mammals (FLNA, B and C) are large cytoplasmic proteins that play important parts in cross-linking cortical actin filaments.
Structural component of cell-matrix adhesion sites.
FLNa transduces stress signals to the actin cytoskeleton in mammalian fibroblasts.
|
|
43793
|
Flavonoid 3’, 5’-hydroxylase (F3’5’H) gene
|
Changes in quality and/or metabolite content - Pigmentation / Coloration
|
Viola sp. - Pansy
|
Flavonoid 3’,5’-hydroxylase is an enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway that is involved in the biosynthesis of a group of anthocyanins called delphinidins.
|
|
45796
|
Galectin-1 cDNA
|
|
Homo sapiens - Humans
|
Plays a role in both cell–matrix interactions and the inhibition cell proliferation. Could be associated with apoptosis (kills thymocytes, peripheral T cells, and T cell lines) and nerve regeneration. ...
|
|
45836
|
GapDH gene
|
|
Oncorhynchus mykiss - Rainbow trout
|
When accumulated in mitochondria, induces the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, a decisive event of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
|
|
45837
|
GapDH gene
|
|
Carassius auratus - Goldfish, Goldfish
|
When accumulated in mitochondria, induces the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, a decisive event of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
|
|
45838
|
GapDH gene
|
|
Danio rerio - Zebra fish, Zebrafish
|
When accumulated in mitochondria, induces the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, a decisive event of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
|
|
48363
|
gat4621
|
Resistance to herbicides - Glyphosate
|
Bacillus licheniformis
|
Glyphosate-N-acetyltransferase expression in the genetically modified maize plants may lead to detoxification of the glyphosate agent. This is brought about by the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl CoA to the amine group of glyphosate. The resulting N-acetylglyphosate does not have the ability to inhibit the activity of the EPSPS enzyme, and the genetically modified plants are able to grow despite glyphosate treatment.
|
|
14997
|
GBSS
|
Reduced amylose in starch content
|
Solanum tuberosum - Potato
|
The gbss gene codes for Granule bound starch synthase (GBSS). This gene is inactivated by gene silencing. GBSS is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of starch and catalyses the formation of amylose.
|
|
48072
|
gbss - granule-bound starch synthase gene
|
altered carbohydrate composition: increased amylopectin content
|
Solanum tuberosum - Potato
|
The granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in the amyloplasts of potato tubers. Inhibition of GBSS leads to the accumulation of amylopectin in the starch fraction.
|
|
45879
|
gene encoding NCED
|
Tolerance to abiotic stress - Drought
|
Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato, Tomato
|
9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), converting carotenoid to xanthophylls in plastids (in conjunction with zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP)). Carotenoid cleavage reaction is thought to be the primary regulated (and rate-limiting) step in the pathway controlling ABA synthesis. ...
|
|
45846
|
GFP gene
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Aequorea victoria - Crystal jellyfish
|
Bioluminescence; green fluorescence when illuminated with ultraviolet light
|
|
45816
|
GI
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress
|
Involved in control of flowering time; Potential role in phyB signaling.
|
|
100344
|
Glycoprotein G
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Viruses
|
Rabies virus
|
|
|
15004
|
GmFad2-1
|
Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) - Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)
|
Glycine max - Soybeans
|
The GmFad2-1 gene codes for a soybean fatty acid desaturase gene (GmFad2-1)
|
|
14998
|
gox
|
Resistance to herbicides - Glyphosate
|
Ochrobactrum anthropi
|
The gox gene produces glyphosate oxidase (GOX) – an enzyme that accelerates the normal breakdown of the herbicide glyphosate into two non-toxic compounds, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyoxylate.
|
|
45851
|
gp (LCMV)
|
Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) - Vaccines
|
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - Viruses
|
Cellular antigen; The glycoprotein (GP) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) serves as virus attachment protein to its receptor on host cells and is a key determinant for cell tropism, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of the virus.
|
|
45842
|
groEL
|
|
Porphyromonas gingivalis - Bacteria
|
Nolecular chaperone protein
Heat shock protein
|
|
46004
|
gus
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
The GUS marker is used to assess gene activity by measuring somatic point mutation frequency.
|
|
45945
|
hex-1
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Candida albicans - Yeast
|
Encodes the major protein in the hexagonal crystals. The Woronin body (WB) is a peroxisome-related organelle that is centered on a crystalline core of the HEX-1 protein, which functions to seal septal pores of filamentous ascomycetes in response to cellular damage. Hex-1 gene expression determines WB-biogenesis at the growing hyphal apex.
|
|
15010
|
Hf1
|
Changes in quality and/or metabolite content - Pigmentation / Coloration
|
Petunia hybrida - Petunia, Petunia
|
The bp40 gene codes for the enzyme F3’, 5’H that allows for the production of blue coloured delphinidin anthocyanin pigments.
|
|
46077
|
hisG
|
|
Salmonella typhimurium - Bacteria
|
PR-ATP synthetase a feedback-inhibitable enzyme, is the first enzyme in histidine biosynthesis.
|
|
100292
|
hph - hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene
|
Resistance to antibiotics - Hygromycin
|
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
|
The hygromycin B phosphotransferase encoded by the hph gene specifically inactivates the antibiotic hygromycin by phosphorylation.
|
|
45839
|
HSP70
|
|
Oncorhynchus mykiss - Rainbow trout
|
The HSP70 multigene family is composed of genes related to the major heat shock protein of 70,000 daltons. The proteins encoded by these genes are usually abundant chaperones that are required for the proper folding and/or transport of proteins. They are present in all cells with the exception of a few species of archaebacteria.
|
|
45916
|
HSP70
|
|
Carassius auratus - Goldfish, Goldfish
|
The HSP70 multigene family is composed of genes related to the major heat shock protein of 70,000 daltons. The proteins encoded by these genes are usually abundant chaperones that are required for the proper folding and/or transport of proteins. They are present in all cells with the exception of a few species of archaebacteria.
|
|
45917
|
HSP70
|
|
Danio rerio - Zebra fish, Zebrafish
|
The HSP70 multigene family is composed of genes related to the major heat shock protein of 70,000 daltons. The proteins encoded by these genes are usually abundant chaperones that are required for the proper folding and/or transport of proteins. They are present in all cells with the exception of a few species of archaebacteria.
|
|
46091
|
hth - alpha-hordothionine
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Fungi
|
Hordeum vulgare - Barley, Barley
|
|
|
46079
|
K14 promoter (pK14)
|
|
Homo sapiens - Humans
|
Promoter; directs the expression of transgenes to the skin.
|
|
45809
|
L1 of Papillomavirus
|
|
Human papillomavirus
|
L1 protein of the human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV 11) is the major capsid polypeptide that has been shown to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) in vivo and in vitro. L1 is essential for viral infection.
Encode virus structural polypeptides.
There is no evidence that specific viral HPV L1 variants are associated with specific pathology.
|
|
45810
|
L2 of Papillomavirus
|
|
Human papillomavirus
|
L2 is the minor capsid protein. L2 protein requires L1 for efficient nuclear accumulation.
Enhances DNA encapsidation. L2 is able to recruit viral and cellular proteins to ND10.
|
|
45794
|
Lactoferrin genes
|
|
Homo sapiens - Humans
|
Lactoferrin is a natural defence iron-binding protein with antibacterial, antimycotic, antiviral, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activity. It scavenges free iron in fluids and inflamed areas so as to suppress free radical-mediated damage and decrease the availability of the metal to invading microbial and neoplastic cells.
Resistance to <diseases and pests>
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Other
Antineoplastic
Anti-inflammatory
|
|
45875
|
lacZ
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
ß-Galactosidase cleaves lactose. For use as a marker, see References.
|
|
100266
|
leB4; Promoter of the legumin B4 gene
|
|
Vicia faba - broad bean, field bean, pigeon bean, horse bean, Windsor bean, tick bean
|
|
|
48030
|
Lipoxygenase 3 (SnLOX3)
|
Resistance to chewing insects
|
Solanum nigrum - Black nightshade, Black Nightshade
|
The native S. nigrum gene SnLOX3 (S. nigrum lipoxygenase 3) codes for a jasmonic acid biosynthesis enzyme. Jasmonates are known plant signalling substances. They play an important role in development processes (maturation of pollen, fruit and seed) and also in plant reactions to biotic and abiotic stress factors, including the production of antibodies for the direct and indirect defence of plants against chewing insects. ...
|
|
100377
|
LuxA
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Xenorhabdus luminescens
|
LuxA encodes a thermostable luciferase.
This gene/protein is commonly used in biotechnology as reporters of gene expression.
|
|
100378
|
LuxB
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Xenorhabdus luminescens
|
LuxB encodes a thermostable luciferase.
This gene/protein is commonly used in biotechnology as reporters of gene expression.
|
|
45874
|
luxCDABE
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Photorhabdus luminescens - Bacteria
|
The luxCDABE operon of the bioluminescent bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens has proven to be a superb transcriptional reporter. Cells that express the cluster emit the 490-nm light spontaneously.
|
|
15000
|
m epsps
|
Resistance to herbicides - Glyphosate
|
Zea mays - Maize, Corn
|
The m epsps gene encodes for a version of EPSPS that is highly tolerant to inhibition by glyphosate.
|
|
47790
|
M2A (synomym: KP4 toxin gene)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Fungi
|
Ustilago maydis Virus 4 (UmV4)
|
The M2A gene is derived from the genome of a double-stranded RNA virus (Ustilago Maydis Virus 4, UmV4, Totiviridae, Totivirus, 00.075.0.01), which is present in the tissue of certain fungal strains of corn smut (Ustilago maydis). Expression of the M2A gene leads to the production of the KP4 (killer protein 4). In Ustilago maydis cells KP4 leads to a reversible inhibition of hyphal growth, but does not kill off competing strains. ...
|
|
100359
|
Maize heat shock protein intron (I-Hsp70)
|
|
Zea mays - Maize, Corn
|
|
|
48455
|
MaSPI
|
Use in industrial applications
|
Nephila clavipes - golden silk orbweaver spider
|
The genes MaSpI and MaSpII encode the spider silk proteins in the dragline core fibre of the golden silk orbweaver spider Nephila clavipes.
|
|
48456
|
MaSPII
|
Use in industrial applications
|
Nephila clavipes - golden silk orbweaver spider
|
The genes MaSpI and MaSpII encode the spider silk proteins in the dragline core fibre of the golden silk orbweaver spider Nephila clavipes.
|
|
43634
|
mcry3A
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp)
|
|
resistance to corn rootworm (Diabrotica species)
|
|
45899
|
MHC genes (class I)
|
|
Strigops habroptilus - Kakapo parrot, Kakapo
|
MHC (major histocompatibility complex) genes encode cell-surface glycoproteins (class I and II molecules) that bind short peptides and present them to T lymphocytes. MHC class I proteins display viral and self antigens to potentially responsive cells and are important for the maturation of T cells. MHC genes play a fundamental role during immune response and recent studies have linked specific MHC alleles and MHC diversity to malaria resistance and susceptibility. ...
|
|
45901
|
MHC genes (class I)
|
|
Nestor meridionalis - Kaka parrot, Kaka parrot
|
MHC (major histocompatibility complex) genes encode cell-surface glycoproteins (class I and II molecules) that bind short peptides and present them to T lymphocytes. MHC class I proteins display viral and self antigens to potentially responsive cells and are important for the maturation of T cells. MHC genes play a fundamental role during immune response and recent studies have linked specific MHC alleles and MHC diversity to malaria resistance and susceptibility. ...
|
|
45902
|
MHC genes (class I)
|
|
Nestor notabilis - Kea parrot, Kea parrot
|
MHC (major histocompatibility complex) genes encode cell-surface glycoproteins (class I and II molecules) that bind short peptides and present them to T lymphocytes. MHC class I proteins display viral and self antigens to potentially responsive cells and are important for the maturation of T cells. MHC genes play a fundamental role during immune response and recent studies have linked specific MHC alleles and MHC diversity to malaria resistance and susceptibility. ...
|
|
45900
|
MHC genes (class II)
|
|
Strigops habroptilus - Kakapo parrot, Kakapo
|
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6p encodes a series of proteins responsible for elicitation of a cellular immune response. MHC genes encode cell-surface glycoproteins (class I and II molecules) that bind short peptides and present them to T lymphocytes. MHC class II proteins are expressed only on professional antigen-presenting cells such as B lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells. ...
|
|
45903
|
MHC genes (class II)
|
|
Nestor meridionalis - Kaka parrot, Kaka parrot
|
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6p encodes a series of proteins responsible for elicitation of a cellular immune response. MHC genes encode cell-surface glycoproteins (class I and II molecules) that bind short peptides and present them to T lymphocytes. MHC class II proteins are expressed only on professional antigen-presenting cells such as B lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells. ...
|
|
45904
|
MHC genes (class II)
|
|
Nestor notabilis - Kea parrot, Kea parrot
|
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6p encodes a series of proteins responsible for elicitation of a cellular immune response. MHC genes encode cell-surface glycoproteins (class I and II molecules) that bind short peptides and present them to T lymphocytes. MHC class II proteins are expressed only on professional antigen-presenting cells such as B lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells. ...
|
|
45905
|
MHC genes (class III)
|
|
Strigops habroptilus - Kakapo parrot, Kakapo
|
MHC class III genes are important in immune regulation and inflammation, and the gene products of this region are well conserved between species.
|
|
45906
|
MHC genes (class III)
|
|
Nestor meridionalis - Kaka parrot, Kaka parrot
|
MHC class III genes are important in immune regulation and inflammation, and the gene products of this region are well conserved between species.
|
|
45907
|
MHC genes (class III)
|
|
Nestor notabilis - Kea parrot, Kea parrot
|
MHC class III genes are important in immune regulation and inflammation, and the gene products of this region are well conserved between species.
|
|
100366
|
modified CaMV 35S promoter (P-e35S)
|
|
Cauliflower mosaic virus - CaMV
|
|
|
43772
|
Modified cry2Ab2 (also known as CS-cry2Ab2 1.91)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis
|
The modified cry2Ab2 gene, which is present, for instance, in transgenic cotton event 15985 and MON89034 corn, is a variant of the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Cry2Ab2 protein, and its coded protein Cry2Ab2 differs from the wild-type Cry2Ab2 of Bt by only one amino acid. The Cry2Ab2 protein confers resistance to some Lepidoptera species such as corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea). ...
|
|
45815
|
mRen-2
|
|
Mus musculus - Mouse, House mouse
|
An animal model of hypertension that depends on the genetic expression of the RAS has been developed by the insertion of mouse submandibular Ren-2 gene into the rat genome; model of hypertension characterized by low plasma renin and high extrarenal expression of the transgene.
Involved in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) which helps regulate blood pressure.
Changes in <physiology and/or production>
Other: Blood pressure
|
|
45819
|
MTA nucleosidase gene
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Pseudomonas chlororaphis - Bacteria
|
Degrades MTA to MTR and adenine, which is the first step in the biosynthesis of ethylene; affects rate of ethylene synthesis.
Changes in <physiology and/or production>
Other: Ethylene synthesis
|
|
45820
|
MTA nucleosidase gene
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Bacteria
|
Degrades MTA to MTR and adenine, which is the first step in the biosynthesis of ethylene; affects rate of ethylene synthesis.
Changes in <physiology and/or production>
Other: Ethylene synthesis
|
|
45821
|
MTA nucleosidase gene
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Neisseria meningitidis - Bacteria
|
Degrades MTA to MTR and adenine, which is the first step in the biosynthesis of ethylene; affects rate of ethylene synthesis.
Changes in <physiology and/or production>
Other: Ethylene synthesis
|
|
45827
|
MTA nucleosidase gene
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Staphylococcus aureus - Bacteria
|
Degrades MTA to MTR and adenine, which is the first step in the biosynthesis of ethylene; affects rate of ethylene synthesis.
Changes in <physiology and/or production>
Other: Ethylene synthesis
|
|
45828
|
MTA nucleosidase gene
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae
|
Degrades MTA to MTR and adenine, which is the first step in the biosynthesis of ethylene; affects rate of ethylene synthesis.
Changes in <physiology and/or production>
Other: Ethylene synthesis
|
|
45829
|
MTA nucleosidase gene
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Streptococcus pyogenes - Bacteria
|
Degrades MTA to MTR and adenine, which is the first step in the biosynthesis of ethylene; affects rate of ethylene synthesis.
Changes in <physiology and/or production>
Other: Ethylene synthesis
|
|
45830
|
MTA nucleosidase gene
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Helicobacter pylori - Bacteria
|
Degrades MTA to MTR and adenine, which is the first step in the biosynthesis of ethylene; affects rate of ethylene synthesis.
Changes in <physiology and/or production>
Other: Ethylene synthesis
|
|
45831
|
MTA nucleosidase gene
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Vibrio cholerae - Bacteria
|
Degrades MTA to MTR and adenine, which is the first step in the biosynthesis of ethylene; affects rate of ethylene synthesis.
Changes in <physiology and/or production>
Other: Ethylene synthesis
|
|
45852
|
myostatin cDNA
|
|
Homo sapiens - Humans
|
Myostatin is a recently identified member of the transforming growth factor-β family of regulatory factors, also known as growth and differentiation factor 8 (GDF8). It is a genetic determinant of skeletal muscle growth. Experiments suggest that myostatin is an attenuator of skeletal muscle growth in adult men.
|
|
45853
|
myostatin cDNA
|
|
Mus musculus - Mouse, House mouse
|
Myostatin, belonging to the transforming growth differentiation factor-beta superfamily, is a negative regulator of muscle growth.
|
|
48971
|
NDV-F
|
Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) - Vaccines
|
Newcastle disease virus
|
The NDV-F gene is derived from the avirulent D26 strain of the Newcastle disease virus and encodes the NDV-F protein, which is a fusion glycoprotein.
|
|
46097
|
niaD
|
|
|
Involved in nitrogen metabolism.
|
|
14976
|
Nitrilase (bxn)
|
Resistance to herbicides - Bromoxynil
|
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae
|
The bxn gene codes for a specific nitrilase enzyme that converts oxynil herbicides, including bromoxynil, to a non-herbicidal degradation product.
|
|
45912
|
nodD FITA
|
|
|
Donor Organism: This gene is a hybrid nodD gene consisting of 75% of the nodD1 gene of Sinorhizobium meliloti at the 5' end and 27% of the nodD gene of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii at the 3' end.
Activates normally inducible nod promoters from several rhizobial species to maximal levels, even in the absence of flavonoids.
|
|
45910
|
nodZ
|
|
Bradyrhizobium japonicum - Bacteria, Rhizobia
|
NodZ is essential for the fucosylation of the terminal reducing N-acetylglucosamine residue. NodZ is involved in the synthesis and secretion of signal molecules, which are lipochitin oligosaccharides (LCOs).
|
|
45911
|
nolL
|
|
Mesorhizobium loti
|
NolL is an acetyltransferase that is responsible for acetylation of the fucosyl residue.
|
|
15171
|
Nopaline synthase (nos) gene
|
Changes in quality and/or metabolite content - Protein and amino acids
|
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4
|
The nos gene codes for nopaline synthase, an enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of nopaline - an opine which is formed as the result of the condensation of the amino acid arginine and alpha-ketoglutaric acid. Typically used as a marker gene.
|
|
100351
|
Nopaline synthase (nos) terminator
|
|
Agrobacterium tumefaciens pTiA6
|
|
|
15001
|
nptII
|
Resistance to antibiotics - Kanamycin
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
The nptII (neo) gene codes for an enzyme that phosphorylates kanamycin and confers resistance to this antibiotic. Typically used as a marker gene.
|
|
15416
|
NtQPT1
|
Reduced nicotine content
|
Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, Tobacco plant
|
The NtQPT1 gene codes for quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QPTase). This enzyme is responsible for the production of nicotinic acid, a nicotine precursor, and its insertion in an antisense direction can be used to downregulate expression of the enzyme and reduce production of nicotine in the plant.
|
|
15019
|
orf1
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Viruses - Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV)
|
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV)
|
The orf1 gene encodes the putative viral replicase domain that is required for viral RNA synthesis. Through "replicase-mediated resistance", expression of this gene in a transgenic potato plant results in resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PLRV.
|
|
15018
|
orf2
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Viruses - Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV)
|
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV)
|
The orf2 gene encodes the putative viral helicase domain that is required for viral RNA synthesis. Through "replicase-mediated resistance", expression of this gene in a transgenic potato plant results in resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PLRV.
|
|
45878
|
P2X2 gene
|
|
Mus musculus - Mouse, House mouse
|
P2X2 purinergic receptors are ligand-gated nonselective cation channels activated by extracellular ATP. Binding to ATP mediates synaptic transmission between neurons and from neurons to smooth muscle. P2X2 is expressed in brain, spinal cord, sensory and autonomic ganglia as well as in neuroendocrine cells.
|
|
100380
|
P45 Lactococcal promoter
|
|
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
|
|
|
15002
|
pat
|
Resistance to herbicides - Glufosinate
|
Streptomyces viridochromogenes
|
The pat gene codes for the enzyme phosphinothricin-acetyltransferance (PAT) and leads to increased tolerance to glufosinate-containing herbicides.
|
|
24146
|
pat (synthetic)
|
Resistance to herbicides - Glufosinate
|
Streptomyces viridochromogenes
|
The pat gene codes for the enzyme phosphinothricin-acetyltransferance (PAT) and leads to increased tolerance to glufosinate-containing herbicides. This pat gene is a synthetic version of the gene isolated from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, strain Tü 494. The nucleotide sequence has been modified to provide codons preferred by plants without changing the amino acid sequence of the enzyme.
|
|
100273
|
pB33 promotor
|
|
Solanum tuberosum - Potato
|
|
|
15015
|
pg
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato, Tomato
|
The pg gene encodes polygalacturonase. By inserting an additional copy of the PG encoding gene in the “antisense” orientation, or in a truncated form, translation of the endogenous PG messenger RNA is reduced which then suppresses the expression of endogenous PG enzyme prior to the onset of fruit ripening.
|
|
15378
|
phyA
|
Changes in quality and/or metabolite content
Phytate degradation
|
Aspergillus niger
|
The phy gene produces a fungal 3-phytase. This enzyme can be utilized to increase the breakdown of plant phytates which bind phosphorus. Phytate is the major storage form of phosphorus in many seeds and phytate-bound phosphorus is unavailable to monogastric animals. Since monogastric animals are not able to degrade this molecule, much of the phosphorus bound to phytate passes into the environment through the manure. ...
|
|
15003
|
pmi (manA)
|
Mannose tolerance
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
The pmi (manA) gene expresses the PMI protein, which allows the transformed plants to use mannose as an energy source by producing the PMI protein which converts mannose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate, a metabolisable sugar. Typically used as a marker gene.
|
|
100270
|
Pnos; promoter of the nos gene
|
|
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4
|
|
|
46002
|
polh
|
|
Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus - EppoNPV
|
Polyhedrin, a matrix protein of the virus occlusion body, is essential for establishing an infection in an insect through oral ingestion, and for viral transmission in the environment; the absence of this gene renders the virus extremely sensitive to UV radiation (sunlight).
|
|
45895
|
Polymerase (PA) gene
|
|
Influenza virus
|
Polymerase gene (PA) is involved in transcription and replication of the viral genome, and has a role in virion RNA synthesis. PA forms a polymerase complex with PB1 and PB2.
|
|
45886
|
Polymerase (PB1) gene
|
|
Influenza virus
|
PB1 protein has been shown to possess RNA polymerase catalytic activity and may be required for gene reassortment. The PB1 subunit is a key component of the viral RNA polymerase complex and catalyzes the sequential addition of nucleotides during RNA chain elongation.
|
|
45894
|
Polymerase (PB2) gene
|
|
Influenza virus
|
Polymerase (PB2) is involved in expression and replication of the viral genome. The PB2 subunit has been shown to interact with cap-1structures and presumably recruits capped RNA in the nucleus of the infected cell. It has been suggested that the PB2 subunit acts as an endonuclease in the generation of transcription primers. PB2 subunit is directly involved in viral RNA transcription.
|
|
100367
|
Proteinase inhibitor II gene terminator (Pin II Term)
|
|
Solanum tuberosum - Potato
|
|
|
45908
|
prp8
|
|
Aspergillus nidulans - Fungi
|
PRP8 is a highly conserved protein central in the formation of the spliceosome, that coordinates multiple processes in spliceosome activation. Potential antifungal drug target.
|
|
45909
|
prp8
|
|
Neosartorya fischeri
|
PRP8 is a highly conserved protein central in the formation of the spliceosome, that coordinates multiple processes in spliceosome activation. Potential antifungal drug target.
|
|
101021
|
Ps7s7
|
|
Subterranean clover stunt virus (SCSV)
|
|
|
100291
|
pTiAch5 - Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
|
|
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4
|
|
|
100355
|
Rice actin gene intron (I-Ract1)
|
|
Oryza sativa - Rice
|
|
|
100364
|
Rice actin gene promoter (P-Ract1)
|
|
Oryza sativa - Rice
|
|
|
41317
|
Rpi-blb1
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Phytophthora infestans resistance
|
Solanum bulbocastaneum - Nighshade, Ornamental nightshade, Potatoes
|
|
|
41318
|
Rpi-blb2
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Phytophthora infestans resistance
|
Solanum bulbocastaneum - Nighshade, Ornamental nightshade, Potatoes
|
|
|
100349
|
RuBisCo SSU Promoter
|
|
Helianthus annuus - Sunflower
|
|
|
15164
|
S4-HrA
|
Resistance to herbicides - Sulfonylurea
|
Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, Tobacco plant
|
S4-HrA is a chimeric gene that codes for a sulfonylurea herbicide tolerant form of the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS).
|
|
15017
|
SAMase
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Bacteriophage T3
|
The SAMase gene encodes S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) hydrolase which is capable of degrading and thus reducing SAM. The conversion of SAM to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the first step in ethylene biosynthesis and the lack of sufficient pools of SAM results in significantly reduced synthesis of this phytohormone, which is known to play a key role in fruit ripening.
|
|
15387
|
sam-k
|
Changes in physiology and/or production - Ripening
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
The sam gene encodes the enzyme, S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase, and causes delayed ripening. S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase is capable of degrading and thus reducing S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). The conversion of SAM to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the first step in ethylene biosynthesis and the lack of sufficient pools of SAM results in significantly reduced synthesis of this phytohormone, which is known to play a key role in fruit ripening.
|
|
48457
|
SO1
|
Use in industrial applications
|
Nephila clavipes - golden silk orbweaver spider
|
The SO1 gene comprises the repetitive part of the MaSpl gene; The 3´-localised non-repetitive sequence of ca. 180 bp was removed from SO1.
The genes MaSpI and MaSpII encode the spider silk proteins in the dragline core fibre of the golden silk orbweaver spider Nephila clavipes.
For more information on MaSpI and MaSpII see BCH records: 48455 and 48456
|
|
46081
|
Sp6 promoter
|
|
Bacteriophage Ff
|
|
|
100279
|
StSDD1 coding for a Solanum tuberosum stomatal density and distribution gene
|
Tolerance to abiotic stress - Drought
|
Solanum tuberosum - Potato
|
The ssd1 gene product (SDD1) is a subtilisin-like serine protease, which evidently functions as a negative regulator of guard cell development.
|
|
48460
|
StSSD1
|
Tolerance to abiotic stress - Drought
|
Solanum tuberosum - Potato
|
The gene product of the sdd1-gene (stomatal density and distribution), SDD1 is a subtilisin-like serine protease, which evidently functions as a negative regulator of guard cell development. The overexpression of SDD1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana causes a reduction of guard cell density to approximately 40% of the wild type.
|
|
15177
|
SuRB (ALS)
|
Resistance to herbicides - Sulfonylurea
|
Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, Tobacco plant
|
The als gene confers tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides through production of a version of the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS) resistant to chlorsulfuron.
|
|
100390
|
SuRB (ALS) terminator
|
|
Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, Tobacco plant
|
|
|
46082
|
T7 promoter
|
|
Bacteriophage Ff
|
|
|
100365
|
Targeting sequence (TS-CTP2)
|
|
Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress
|
|
|
100360
|
Targeting sequence (TS-SSU-CTP)
|
|
Zea mays - Maize, Corn
|
|
|
15005
|
te
|
Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) - Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)
|
Umbellularia californica - Laurel, California Bay Laurel
|
The te gene codes for the enzyme thioesterase (TE) which is active in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of developing seeds and causes the accumulation of triacylglycerides containing esterified lauric acid and, to a lesser extent, myristic acid.
|
|
45845
|
tir
|
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
EHEC produces a functional Tir that is inserted into host cell membranes, where it serves as an intimin receptor.
tir sequence differences may explain some of the variation in the clinical outcome resulting from human exposure to E. coli O157:H7.
Necessary for tight adherence to intestinal epithelial cells.
|
|
100269
|
Tnos; Terminator of the nopaline synthase (nos) gene
|
|
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4
|
|
|
100271
|
Tocs; terminator of the ocs gene
|
|
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4
|
|
|
100363
|
Transcript termination signal (ORF25 PolyA) from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid pTi15955
|
|
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4
|
|
|
100381
|
Transcriptional terminator from Escherichia coli rrnB
|
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
|
|
45834
|
triple gene block (TGB)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Viruses
|
Cymbidium mosaic virus - Viruses
|
Involved in virus transport.
In experiments (with N. benthamiana), expression of the modified 12K/13K MP gene of a TGB was able to protect transgenic plants against a range of viruses possessing a TGB protein; however, there was no protection against viruses lacking a TGB protein. It is probable that the MP encoded by the central gene of the TGB of different viruses share a common function not present in the MP of TGB-lacking viruses.
|
|
100362
|
Ubiquitin gene promoter (ubiZM1 PRO)
|
|
Zea mays - Maize, Corn
|
|
|
14999
|
uidA
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Escherichia coli - Bacteria
|
The uidA gene expresses beta-glucuronidase (GUS). Expression of this enzyme allows detection in the laboratory of transformed cells by using a simple colour change assay. Typically used as a reporter gene or visual marker gene.
|
|
46076
|
URA3
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Candida albicans - Yeast
|
Orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase is an enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis. It is typically used as a molecular genetic marker, but decreased expression when integrated at ectopic chromosomal locations can cause defects in hyphal growth and virulence.
|
|
46080
|
URA3
|
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast, Yeast
|
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the biosynthesis of uracil requires the products of at least five unlinked genes, URA1 to URAS. Lacroute has proposed a regulatory system in which the last enzyme of the pathway, orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (the URA3 gene product), is induced by dihydroorotate. The level of URA3 mRNA, as measured by hybridization to URA3 DNA, varies coordinately with the enzyme activity. The URA3 gene istranscriptionally regulated. Plasmids carrying the URA3 gene on a 1. ...
|
|
48368
|
Vfaap1
|
Changes in quality and/or metabolite content - Protein and amino acids
|
Vicia faba - broad bean, field bean, pigeon bean, horse bean, Windsor bean, tick bean
|
The Vfaap1 gene from Vicia faba encodes an amino acid permease. Amino acid permeases transport amino acids from the plant vascular tissue into the symplasts of plant cells. They are differentially expressed according to plant development and tissue, and exhibit a range of specificity patterns for amino acids. In the donor organism, Vicia faba, the Vfaa1 gene is expressed predominantly in the storage parenchyma cells of the cotyledons in developing seeds, particularly in early development. ...
|
|
14990
|
vip3A(a)
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis - Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki
|
The vip3A(a) gene codes for a vegetative insecticidal protein which confers tolerance to lepidopteran insect pests such as the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), and cotton leaf perforator (Bucculatrix thurberiella).
|
|
100887
|
vip3Aa20
|
Resistance to diseases and pests - Insects - Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
|
Bacillus thuringiensis
|
Vip3A is a group of vegetative insecticidal proteins (i.e., produced during the vegetative stage of bacterial growth) from [i]Bacillus thuringiensis[/i], a gram-positive bacterium commonly found in soil. The Vip3A proteins are highly toxic to some lepidopteran insects.
|
|
100368
|
Wheat peroxidase gene promoter
|
|
Triticum aestivum - Wheat
|
|
|
45877
|
xylE
|
Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
|
Pseudomonas chlororaphis - Bacteria
|
The xylE gene product rapidly converts colorless catechol to an intensely yellow oxidation product.
|
|
100278
|
zeaxanthin epoxidase gene
|
Tolerance to abiotic stress
|
Solanum tuberosum - Potato
|
In plants and animals xanthophylls act as buffers against excessive light irradiation. The xanthophylls that come into play here - violaxanthin and zeaxanthin - are also synthesised in potato tubers. Zeaxanthin, however, is immediately converted to violaxanthin by the zeaxanthin epoxidase present in the tubers. Inhibition of zeaxanthin epoxidase leads to a build-up of zeaxanthin, a parent compound for the synthesis of carotinoids.
|
|
48364
|
zm-hra
|
Resistance to herbicides - Sulfonylurea
|
Zea mays - Maize, Corn
|
This gene encodes a modified acetolactate synthase, which confers tolerance to several acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides such as, for example, sulfonylurea. The acetolactate synthase enzyme (ALS) plays a key role in the biochemical pathways of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine. The application of ALS-inhibiting herbicides blocks this synthesis pathway. Lack of the aforementioned amino acids interferes with protein synthesis, causing the plant to die off.
|