Gene registry | Biosafety Clearing-House

Genetic Element Registry

The Genetic Element Registry provides a summary of information on the genetic elements associated with the LMOs registered in the BCH, including information on the donor organism, conferred traits and biological function. The registry includes links to the records on each genetic element where more details may be found. LMOs containing the particular genetic element are referenced at the bottom of the individual record.

Click here to perform an in-depth search of all Genetic Element records available in this Registry.

Total records: 861
Record ID Name Trait(s) Donor organism Function
bch-gene-scbd-110890-1 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the 2 position. This enzyme can utilize either acyl-CoA or acyl-ACP as the fatty acyl donor
bch-gene-scbd-110888-1 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Escherichia coli - ECOLX Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the 2 position. This enzyme can utilize either acyl-CoA or acyl-ACP as the fatty acyl donor
bch-gene-scbd-110889-1 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Limnanthes douglasii - Douglas' meadowfoam, Poached egg plant, LIMDO The lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase gene from Limnanthes douglasii catalyses the linkage of erucic acid to the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidic acid. Expression of LPAAT in the seeds of genetically modified oilseed rape leads to significantly increased levels of the trigyceride Trierucin.
bch-gene-scbd-15012-5 1-amino-cyclopropane -1-carboxylic acid synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Ripening) Dianthus caryophyllus - Carnation, DIACA The ACC gene encodes for the carnation 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase which is required for normal ethylene biosynthesis which affects the rate of ripening in plants.
bch-gene-scbd-15014-7 1-amino-cyclopropane -1-carboxylic acid synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Ripening) Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato, SOLLC The ACC gene encodes a truncated copy of the tomato 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase encoding gene in order to suppress expression of the endogenous unmodified gene (which is required for normal ethylene biosynthesis) through gene silencing.
bch-gene-scbd-15013-4 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Ripening) Pseudomonas chlororaphis - PSECL The ACCD gene encodes the enzyme ACCD. In the plant, this enzyme catalyzes metabolism of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-arboxylic acid (ACC), an essential precursor for the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene.
bch-gene-scbd-111938-2 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase fragment Double-stranded RNA Ananas comosus - Pineapple, ANACO
bch-gene-scbd-263474-2 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Vitamins) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase catalyzes the acyloin condensation reaction between carbon atoms 2 and 3 of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to yield 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate. This reaction is the rating limiting step in plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis and essential for chloroplast development. Plants overexpressing this enzyme increased levels of plastid isoprenoids derived from the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway, such as chlorophylls, tocopherols, carotenoids, abscisic acid, and gibberellin.
bch-gene-scbd-263036-1 14-3-3C intron Intron Setaria italica - Foxtail millet, Italian millet
bch-gene-scbd-102612-3 16S rRNA gene promoter Promoter Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-102615-4 16S rRNA gene promoter Promoter Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-116046-1 19-kDa zein gene terminator Terminator Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-111081-2 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase 1 Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production,Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast, YEASX In plant cells a glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG), is phosphorylated by hexokinase to form 2-DOG-6-phosphate, which competes with glucose-6-phosphate causing cell death through the inhibition of glycolysis, protein synthesis, cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and also protein glycosylation. DOGR1 gene, which has been isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain S288C, encodes 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. The enzyme has the ability to convert toxic 2-DOG-6-phosphate to non-toxic products through dephosphorylation. Therefore, transformed plant cells which carry the DOGR1 gene can be selected on medium containing 2-DOG.
bch-gene-scbd-115829-2 27 kDa gamma-zein seed storage protein signal peptide Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-116051-1 27-kDA gamma zein terminator Terminator Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-103622-5 27kD gamma-zein Promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-104339-3 2xOCS:35S Promoter Promoter -
bch-gene-scbd-15033-8 3"(9)-O-aminoglycoside adenyltransferase Protein coding sequence | Resistance to antibiotics (Streptomycin) Escherichia coli - ECOLX The aadA gene confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics such as spectinomycin and streptomycin. The enzyme adenylates either the 3’-hydroxy on the amino-hexose III ring of streptomycin or the 9-hydroxyl on the actinamine ring of spectinomycin  Typically used as a marker gene.
bch-gene-scbd-114726-2 3' Noncoding region of Yellow fever virus Terminator Yellow fever virus - YFV 17D
bch-gene-scbd-115844-2 3' untranslated region of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Terminator Setaria italica - Foxtail millet, Italian millet
bch-gene-scbd-115852-2 3' untranslated region of glycine-rich RNA binding-protein 3 Terminator Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-114701-3 3' Untranslated region of Histone 4 Terminator Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-115850-2 3' untranslated region of no apical meristem domain containing protein Terminator Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-109068-1 30S ribosomal protein S16 gene terminator Terminator Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-260479-1 3xP3 promoter Promoter Drosophila melanogaster - Common Fruit Fly
bch-gene-scbd-104793-3 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides Pseudomonas fluorescens - PSEFL 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) catalyses the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate which is the aromatic precursor of tocopherol and plastoquinone, which are essential to the photosynthetic transport chain and antioxidative systems. This reaction involves decarboxylation, substituent migration and aromatic oxygenation in a single catalytic cycle. To enhance the protein's tolerance against HPPD inhibitors a point mutation was introduced into the coding sequence such that a replacement of the amino acid glycine with a tryptophane at position 336 was introduced, as described by  Boudec et al. (2001)
bch-gene-scbd-103900-3 4ocs∆Mas2' promoter Promoter -
bch-gene-scbd-114711-2 5' Noncoding region of Yellow fever virus 5' Untranslated region Yellow fever virus - YFV 17D
bch-gene-scbd-100354-6 5' untranslated leader from chlorophyll a/b-binding protein Leader sequence Triticum aestivum - Wheat
bch-gene-scbd-103886-2 5' Untranslated Leader of AMV RNA4 Leader Alfalfa mosaic virus - Alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV
bch-gene-scbd-101901-3 5' untranslated leader of chlorophyll a/b-binding protein Leader Petunia hybrida - Petunia, PETHY
bch-gene-scbd-114699-2 5' Untranslated region from Potato Virus X 5' Untranslated Region Potato virus X - PVX
bch-gene-scbd-115355-3 5' untranslated region of α-globulin B Promoter Gossypium hirsutum - Cotton
bch-gene-scbd-104947-3 5'e1 Leader Leader Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-101026-4 5'e1 promoter Promoter Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-259059-1 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase G10 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) Deinococcus radiodurans R1 - The protein catalyzes the transfer of the enolpyruvyl moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate to the 5-hydroxyl of shikimate-3-phosphate to produce enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. The protein is part of the shikimate biosynthetic pathway (aromatic amino acid biosynthesis) and does not bind the herbicide glyphosate with strong affinity (unlike endogenous EPSPS proteins in plants). Thus, when used in biotechnology, it can confer tolerance to glyphosate. Note: the sequence may have been modified from the aroA (epsps) gene sequence in Deinococcus radiodurans.
bch-gene-scbd-14979-7 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium The cp4 epsps gene was isolated from the CP4 strain of the common soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens . The enzyme encoded by the sequence is a version of EPSPS that is highly tolerant to inhibition by glyphosate and therefore leads to increased tolerance to glyphosate-containing herbicides. The following reaction is catalyzed by EPSPS: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate Glyphosate specifically binds to and inactivates the enzyme EPSPS, which is part of an important plant biochemical pathway called the shikimate pathway. The shikimate pathway is involved in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, as well as other aromatic compounds. When plants are treated with glyphosate herbicides they cannot produce the aromatic amino acids that are essential to their survival and, therefore, die. LMOs containing the glyphosate-tolerant epsps gene allow farmers to use glyphosate-containing herbicides for weed control, which will kill the weeds but not the LMO.
bch-gene-scbd-106246-1 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) Dickeya dadantii - DICDA Involved in EPSP biosynthesis. The aroA gene, which encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase , an enzyme of the common aromatic biosynthetic pathway, the enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The enzyme is a target for herbicides as these amino acids are only synthesized in plants and microorganisms. Glyphosate acts as a competitive inhibitor for phosphoenolpyruvate, as substrate of EPSPS, and is used as a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide.
bch-gene-scbd-105184-2 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) Salmonella typhimurium - SALTM Involved in EPSP biosynthesis. The aroA gene, which encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase , an enzyme of the common aromatic biosynthetic pathway, the enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan.
bch-gene-scbd-103857-3 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase leader Leader Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-45463-4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH The enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The enzyme is a target for herbicides as these amino acids are only synthesized in plants and microorganisms. Glyphosate acts as a competitive inhibitor for phosphoenolpyruvate, as substrate of EPSPS, and is used as a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide.
bch-gene-scbd-101942-3 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) Arthrobacter globiformis - Arthrobacter The enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The enzyme is a target for herbicides as these amino acids are only synthesized in plants and microorganisms. Glyphosate acts as a competitive inhibitor for phosphoenolpyruvate, as substrate of EPSPS, and is used as a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide.
bch-gene-scbd-45913-4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) Escherichia coli - ECOLX Involved in EPSP biosynthesis. The aroA gene, which encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase , an enzyme of the common aromatic biosynthetic pathway, the enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The enzyme is a target for herbicides as these amino acids are only synthesized in plants and microorganisms. Glyphosate acts as a competitive inhibitor for phosphoenolpyruvate, as substrate of EPSPS, and is used as a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide.
bch-gene-scbd-46333-8 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE The enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The enzyme is a target for herbicides as these amino acids are only synthesized in plants and microorganisms. Glyphosate acts as a competitive inhibitor for phosphoenolpyruvate, as substrate of EPSPS, and is used as a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide.
bch-gene-scbd-103911-3 5126 anther-specific promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-110264-1 Acetohydroxy acid synthase 1 gene promoter Promoter Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-110266-2 Acetohydroxy acid synthase 1 gene terminator Terminator Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-110265-1 Acetohydroxy acid synthase 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Imidazolinone, Sulfonylurea) Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA AHAS is an essential enzyme for many organisms as it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine.
bch-gene-scbd-110261-1 Acetohydroxy acid synthase 3 gene Promoter Promoter Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-110262-1 Acetohydroxy acid synthase 3 gene terminator Terminator Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-110260-1 Acetohydroxy acid synthase 3 gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Imidazolinone, Sulfonylurea) Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA AHAS is an essential enzyme for many organisms as it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine.
bch-gene-scbd-104660-4 Acetohydroxy acid synthase chloroplast transit peptide Transit signal Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-15164-9 Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene (Chimeric) Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Sulfonylurea) Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC Acetolactate synthase (ALS) catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of the essential amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine. Native ALS is normally inhibited by sulfonylurea herbicides. However S4-HrA is a chimeric gene derived from two different tobacco ALS genes that both encoded herbicide sensitive versions of ALS. Two resistance mutations were introduced into one of the ALS genes (Pro191Ala and Trp568Leu) via site directed mutagenesis. The DNA fragment containing the resistance mutations was then moved into the second ALS gene through a restriction enzyme fragment.
bch-gene-scbd-103932-4 Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-104876-4 Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene Promoter Promoter Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-103933-4 Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene terminator Terminator Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-103896-5 Acetohydroxy acid Synthase gene Terminator Terminator Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-100390-7 Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene terminator Terminator Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-104878-4 Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene Terminator Terminator Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-48073-8 Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Imidazolinone, Sulfonylurea) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH AHAS is an essential enzyme for many organisms as it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine. A common mutant form of the ahas gene was isolated from a herbicide-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana which differs from the wild type gene by only a single base pair. A "G" to "A" point mutation results in a single amino acid substitution in which the serine residue at position 653 is replaced by asparagine (S653N) Tests using the mutant isoform of the ahas gene showed that it confers tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides in plants. The ahas mutant isoform may, therefore, be used as a selectable marker in transgenic plants.
bch-gene-scbd-100268-6 Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Sulfonylurea) Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN Acetohydroxy acid synthase (also known as acetolactate synthase)  is a key enzyme that catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of the essential branched-chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine The gm-hra gene has been modified by site directed mutagenesis (P183A and W560L) from the native soybean als gene and encodes a version of the enzyme that is tolerant to als inhibitors such as sulfonylurea herbicide. It also contains 15 additional nucleotides from the native als gene 5'UTR.
bch-gene-scbd-15177-7 Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Chlorsulfuron, Sulfonylurea) Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC Acetolactate synthase (ALS) catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of the essential amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine. Native ALS is normally inhibited by sulfonylurea herbicides. However a naturally occurring mutation causes the production of an altered form of ALS (designated SuRB) that is insensitive to inhibition by sulfonylurea herbicides.
bch-gene-scbd-104877-4 Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Sulfonylurea) Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA AHAS is an essential enzyme for many organisms as it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine. A common mutant form of the ahas gene  which differs from the wild type gene by two mutations W548L and S627I results in an enzyme that has tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides in plants. The ahas mutant isoform may, therefore, be used as a selectable marker in transgenic plants.
bch-gene-scbd-104672-4 Acetohydroxy acid synthase promoter Promoter Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-103926-4 Acetohydroxyacid synthase gene promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-48364-5 Acetohydroxyacid synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Sulfonylurea) Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE The acetolactate synthase enzyme (ALS) plays a key role in the biochemical pathways of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine. The application of ALS-inhibiting herbicides blocks this synthesis pathway. Lack of the aforementioned amino acids interferes with protein synthesis, causing the plant to die off.This gene encodes a modified acetolactate synthase, which confers tolerance to several acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides such as, for example, sulfonylurea.
bch-gene-scbd-102613-4 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase large subunit Protein coding sequence | Homologous recombination Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC ACC catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA is needed as a co-substrate in the fatty acids biosynthesis.
bch-gene-scbd-104517-2 Actin 2 promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-115757-2 Actin 2 terminator Terminator Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-263049-1 Actin 4 intron Intron Setaria italica - Foxtail millet, Italian millet
bch-gene-scbd-103761-2 Actin 5c gene Promotor Promoter Drosophila melanogaster - Common Fruit Fly
bch-gene-scbd-103909-3 Actin 8 Intron 1 Intron Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-103908-4 Actin 8 Leader sequence Leader sequence Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-103907-3 Actin 8 promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-110891-1 Acyl-(ACP) thioesterase type B gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Cuphea lanceolata - Cigar Flower Catalysis of the reaction: RCO-SR' + H2O = RCOOH + HSR'. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a thiolester bond, an ester formed from a carboxylic acid and a thiol (i.e., RCO-SR'), such as that found in acetyl-coenzyme A.
bch-gene-scbd-110892-1 Acyl-(ACP) thioesterase type B promoter Promoter Cuphea lanceolata - Cigar Flower
bch-gene-scbd-110893-1 Acyl-(ACP) thioesterase type B terminator Terminator Cuphea lanceolata - Cigar Flower
bch-gene-scbd-103920-2 Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase promoter Promoter Cuphea lanceolata - Cigar Flower
bch-gene-scbd-103921-2 Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase terminator Terminator Cuphea lanceolata - Cigar Flower
bch-gene-scbd-101362-5 Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Cuphea lanceolata - Cigar Flower Acyl-acyl carrier protein (Acyl-ACP) thioesterases (TE) hydrolyse the thioester ligation between the ACP (acyl carrier protein) and the synthesised acyl chain in fatty acid biosynthesis. Myristic and palmitic-[ACP] are substrates of the Cuphea lanceolata-derived enzyme which is encoded by the acyl-[ACP] thioesterase gene (ClFatB4). As a result of the formation of this enzyme the oil produced in the seeds of the genetically modified (GM) plants contains myristic acid (C14:0), and increased levels of palmitic acid (C16:0). Myristic and palmitic acids, the fatty acids formed by this enzyme occur naturally in some plant oils used for human consumption (e.g. coconut oil). There is currently no evidence pointing at a toxic effect from either the enzyme or the new metabolic product. When used in modern biotechnology the introduced acyl-[ACP] thiosterase is expected to catalyse a reaction similar to that of corresponding enzymes occuring naturally in the seeds of other (wild and cultivated) plant species.
bch-gene-scbd-115338-4 Acyl-homoserine lactonase CHB37 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria),Resistance to Gram-negative bacteria Bacillus cereus CHB37 - The enzyme hydrolyzes N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) molecules secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Erwinia mallotivora . AHLs have been determined to be the principle signalling molecule involved in quorum sensing (cell-to-cell communication) in Gram-negative bacteria and are essential for survival and regulation of virulence genes. Bacteria lacking AHLs are non-pathogenic.
bch-gene-scbd-115339-2 Acyl-homoserine lactonase SP24 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria),Resistance to Gram-negative bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The enzyme hydrolyzes N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) molecules secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Erwinia mallotivora . AHLs have been determined to be the principle signalling molecule involved in quorum sensing (cell-to-cell communication) in Gram-negative bacteria and are essential for survival and regulation of virulence genes. Bacteria lacking AHLs are non-pathogenic.
bch-gene-scbd-115649-3 Acyl-lipid (7-3)-desaturase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids),Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)) Pavlova lutheri - Acyl-lipid (7-3)-desaturase creates a double bond at the fourth position from the carboxyl end of docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3), converting it into docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3). The enzyme can additionally catalyze the conversion of 22:4n-6 into 22:5n-6 .
bch-gene-scbd-110931-1 Acyl-lipid ∆12-desaturase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi),Tolerance to abiotic stress (Cold / Heat) Synechocystis sp. - Cyanobacteria, SYNYX Acyl-lipid desaturases introduce double bonds into fatty acid moieties that have been esterified to glycerolipids, which are located in the endoplasmic reticulum, the chloroplast membrane in plant cells and the thylakoid membrane in cyanobacterial cells. This type desaturase is the most efficient regulator of the unsaturation level of membrane lipids in response to temperature change In transgenic plants acyl-lipid ∆12-desaturase expression increases their tolerance to prolonged exposure of low positive temperatures and ensures resistance to fungal pathogens and wounding.
bch-gene-scbd-111572-1 Adenylate kinase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU Adenylate kinases catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphates (ATP) to adenosine monophosphates (AMP) to yield adenosine diphosphates (ADP). Therefore the enzyme is essential for homeostasis of adenosine phosphates - maintaining the energetic equilibrium of the organism.
bch-gene-scbd-106420-1 ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase gene promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-109218-1 ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase gene terminator Terminator Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-115846-2 Albino and pale green 6 target sequence Transit signal Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-104337-2 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1, intron 1 Intron Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-103867-2 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1, intron 2 Intron Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-103625-3 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1, intron 6 Intron Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-110414-1 Alcohol dehydrogenase 5′UTR Enhancer Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-104870-2 Alcohol dehydrogenase gene 5'UTR Leader Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-111202-1 Alcohol dehydrogenase I promoter Promoter Aspergillus nidulans - EMEND
bch-gene-scbd-115247-2 Alcohol dehydrogenase intron Intron Drosophila melanogaster - Common Fruit Fly
bch-gene-scbd-106441-1 Alcohol oxidase 1 gene promoter Promoter Pichia pastoris - Yeast, PICPA
bch-gene-scbd-106442-1 Alcohol oxidase 1 gene terminator Terminator Pichia pastoris - Yeast, PICPA
bch-gene-scbd-111201-1 alcR transactivator gene Protein coding sequence | Transcription regulation Aspergillus nidulans - EMEND The alcR gene of Aspergillus nidulans encodes a protein with a zinc finger motif, the AlcR activator protein/ AlcR transactivator. In the presence of ethanol, AlcR specifically binds DNA motifs of the ethanol regulon of A.nidulans, inducing the expression of the genes of this regulon. This ethanol pathway is a highly inducible gene system, the so-called alc system, responsible for the utilization of ethanol as sole source of carbon in A.nidulans.
bch-gene-scbd-111593-1 Alkaline phosphatase transit peptide Transit signal Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-116048-1 All-stop codon sequence Terminator -
bch-gene-scbd-108877-1 Alpha Tubulin Gene promoter Promoter Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-108880-1 Alpha Tubulin Gene terminator Terminator Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-112606-1 Alpha-amylase 3 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Manihot esculenta - Cassava, Brazilian arrowroot, Yuca, Manioc, Mandioca, MANES The plastidial alpha amylase gene (AMY3) is involved in the release of branched malto‐olicosaccharides from the starch granule.
bch-gene-scbd-104334-2 Alpha-amylase gene promoter Promoter Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU
bch-gene-scbd-109359-2 Alpha-amylase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Bacillus licheniformis - BACLI Alpha–amylase helps to degrade starch by hydrolysing the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds of oligo- and polysaccharides. Besides in bacteria, it is also found in fungi, higher plants and animals. Amylase is commonly used in the fermentation and baking industry. The transferred alpha–amylase from B. licheniformis is characterised by high heat resistance and a broad pH optimum.
bch-gene-scbd-263628-1 Alpha-amylase inhibitor-1 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles), Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi), Diptera (flies), Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor)) Phaseolus vulgaris - String bean, French bean, Kidney bean, Common Bean, PHAVU Alpha-amylase inhibitor 1 acts as a defensive protein against insects by binding and inhibiting alpha-amylase. The protein consists of a heterotetramer of two α chains and two β chains. Proteolytic processing of the proprotein is required to produce the active molecule, which then blocks the catalytic site of the enzyme (tyrosine-186 and tyrosine-37 interact with the catalytic site). Inhibition of alpha-amylase proteins interferes with carbohydrate digestion, negatively impacting the growth, fecundity, and survival of the insect pest.
bch-gene-scbd-111543-1 Alpha-amylase signal peptide Transit signal Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU
bch-gene-scbd-105057-3 Alpha-amylase Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Reproduction, Male sterility) Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE Alpha-amylases belong to a family of glycosyl-hydrolases catalyzing hydrolysis of (1-4)-α-Dglucosidic linkages in polysaccharide molecules, such as starch.
bch-gene-scbd-106425-1 Alpha-glucan water dikinase R1 gene promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-46091-2 Alpha-hordothionine gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU Thionins are a class of small(45– 47 amino acids), anti fungal, highly basic, cysteine-rich proteins. An in vitro type-1 α-HTH treatment of Neurospora crassa hyphae resulted in increased calcium ion uptake and permeabilization of the fungal membrane, leading to rupture.
bch-gene-scbd-111203-2 Amino acid permease 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU AAP1 in involved in the long-distance transport of amino acids from leaves to tubers. A reduced expression of CS-aap1-SOLTU in the source leaves of transgenic potatoes leads to a reduction of the amino acid content in the tubers.
bch-gene-scbd-48368-4 Amino acid permease 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) Vicia faba - Broad Bean, Tick Bean, Windsor Bean, Horse Bean, Pigeon Bean, Field Bean The Vfaap1 gene from Vicia faba encodes an amino acid permease. Amino acid permeases transport amino acids from the plant vascular tissue into the symplasts of plant cells. They are differentially expressed according to plant development and tissue, and exhibit a range of specificity patterns for amino acids. In the donor organism, Vicia faba, the Vfaa1 gene is expressed predominantly in the storage parenchyma cells of the cotyledons in developing seeds, particularly in early development. The strongest expression of Vfaap1 precedes the beginning of the expression of storage protein genes. VfAAP1 mediates the transport of a range of amino acids (mainly cysteine, arginine, glutamine, serine, leucine, methionine, histidine, glycine and threonine) with particular emphasis on cysteine.
bch-gene-scbd-103860-1 Amino acid permease 1 Terminator Terminator Vicia faba - Broad Bean, Tick Bean, Windsor Bean, Horse Bean, Pigeon Bean, Field Bean
bch-gene-scbd-111295-1 Amino acid permease 2 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU AAP2 is thought to be involved in the long-distance transport of amino acids from leaves to tubers.
bch-gene-scbd-104887-2 Aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Ripening) Carica papaya - Papaya, Pawpaw, Papaw, CARPA ACO2, encoding for the ACC oxidase enzyme, plays an important role in ethylene biosynthesis pathway. It oxidises 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate in the presence of ascorbate and oxygen to produce ethylene gas which has a role in the fruit ripening process.
bch-gene-scbd-14967-2 Aminoglycoside 3 phosphotransferase II Protein coding sequence | Resistance to antibiotics (Kanamycin),Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Escherichia coli - ECOLX The aphII gene confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin. Typically used as a marker gene.
bch-gene-scbd-14966-7 amy797E alpha amylase Protein coding sequence | Thermostable alpha-amylase,Use in industrial applications (Biofuel production) Thermococcales spp. - Thermococcus The amy797E gene encodes a thermostable alpha-amylase. Alpha-amylases catalyse the hydrolysis of starch by cleaving the internal alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds of starch into dextrins, maltose and glucose (saccharification). Splitting starch into sugar is the first step in producing bioethanol from plants.  Plants like maize naturally contain their own amylases. They get destroyed, however, when maize is subjected to high temperatures for ethanol production. Typically, supplemental amylase preparations must be added. Heat stable amalyse makes this step unneccessary.
bch-gene-scbd-114712-2 Anchored core protein C Protein coding sequence Yellow fever virus - YFV 17D Anchored protein C (ancC) binds the host cell membrane and gathers the viral RNA genome to form the core of the mature viral particles. During viral entry into the host cell, the protein may induce genome penetration into host cytoplasm. Furthermore, ancC can migrate to the nucleus to modulate host functions. AncC (nucleotide position 119..481) also contains protein C (nucleotide position 119..421), which is produced upon further processing by the host cell and interferes with host Dicer to prevent RNA interference.
bch-gene-scbd-105427-1 Anthocyanidin synthase gene promoter Promoter Dianthus caryophyllus - Carnation, DIACA
bch-gene-scbd-105424-1 Anthocyanidin synthase gene terminator Terminator Dianthus caryophyllus - Carnation, DIACA
bch-gene-scbd-110487-1 Anthocyanin 3-aromatic acyltransferase gene promoter Promoter Perilla frutescens - Perilla, Beefsteak mint, Chinese basil, Shiso-zoku, PERFR
bch-gene-scbd-110411-1 Anthocyanin 3-aromatic acyltransferase gene terminator Terminator Perilla frutescens - Perilla, Beefsteak mint, Chinese basil, Shiso-zoku, PERFR
bch-gene-scbd-43794-3 Anthocyanin 5-acyltransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Torenia sp. - Torenia hybrid, Wishbone flowers, Blue Wings, TOREN Anthocyanin 5-acyltransferase is an enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway that alters the production of a type of anthocyanin called delphinidin.
bch-gene-scbd-105436-1 Anthocyanin-3',5'-methyltransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Torenia sp. - Torenia hybrid, Wishbone flowers, Blue Wings, TOREN Anthocyanin-3',5'-methyltransferase (AMT) methylates delphinidin-3-glucoside to produce petunidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside.
bch-gene-scbd-104722-2 Antifreeze Polypeptide Promoter Promoter Zoarces americanus - Ocean pout, Poodler, Mother-of-eels, Muttonfish, North-Atlantic ocean pout, ZOAAM
bch-gene-scbd-104724-2 Antifreeze Polypeptide Terminator Terminator Oncorhynchus tshawytscha - Chinook Salmon, King Salmon, ONCTS
bch-gene-scbd-48365-2 Apyrase-gene Protein coding sequence | Other growth, development and product quality Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU Apyrases are enzymes that transform NTP (nucleoside triphosphates) via NDP to NMP without triggering an endergonic reaction in the process. These enzymes have been identified in the tissues of animals, plants (among others in Arabidopsis thaliana, legumes and potatoes) and fungi and apparently have predominantly regulatory functions. Double knockout mutations of both apyrase genes from A. thaliana inhibit pollen germination and give rise to male sterile plants. Apyrases play a role in the formation of nodules in leguminous plants, and are also thought to be involved in phosphate uptake. Regulation of transporters that, amongst other things, facilitate the transport of xenobiotics out of the plant cell has been demonstrated for plant apyrases. The blocking of apyrase by specific inhibitors increases the sensitivity of the plants to different herbicides, as well as the concentration of the applied herbicides in the plants.  Over-expression of the apyrase psNTP9 from Pisum sativum in A. thaliana increases the resistance of the plants to herbicides and phytohormones. Apyrase activity in the potato tubers is very high and is probably localised in the area of the cell wall. Together with other enzymes that influence the ATP/ADP/AMP ratio, apyrase activity is suspected to have a regulatory effect on starch biosynthesis in the potato tubers.
bch-gene-scbd-114695-4 Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiania tabacum chimeric Rubisco activase Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate, Yield),Increased photosynthetic rate,Tolerance to abiotic stress (Cold / Heat) Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubsico) activase (RCase) facilitates activation of and the maintenance of Rubisco activity by using ATP hydrolysis to release tightly bound sugar phosphates from the catalytic sites of Rubisco. Tobacco ( N. tabacum ) RCase is known for being heat stable, thus the chimeric protein was created to confer thermostability to the protein. A domain consisting of residues 267–334 in tobacco RCase were replaced by the corresponding Arabidopsis domain. Previously, overexpression of this chimeric protein promoted better growth and higher rates of photosynthesis under high temperatures.
bch-gene-scbd-115644-1 Arcelin-5 promoter Promoter Phaseolus vulgaris - String bean, French bean, Kidney bean, Common Bean, PHAVU
bch-gene-scbd-115646-1 Arcelin-5 terminator Terminator Phaseolus vulgaris - String bean, French bean, Kidney bean, Common Bean, PHAVU
bch-gene-scbd-115648-1 Argonaute 4 intron Intron Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-104941-3 ArsR binding site Binding Site Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-104939-2 ArsR gene Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress Escherichia coli - ECOLX The gene arsR stems from the E. coli-specific plasmid R773 and encodes for a transcriptional regulator with binding sites for arsenic compounds. It is a repressor protein that binds to its promoter in the absence of arsenic compounds therefore repressing the expression of downstream genes. Arsenic compounds that are taken up by bacterial cells form a complex with ArsR, thereby allosterically preventing the association of ArsR with the promoter. Thus, the transcription of downstream genes is induced.
bch-gene-scbd-104940-2 ArsR Promoter Promoter Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-104805-2 Aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides Delftia acidovorans - DELAC The AAD-12 protein is an enzyme with an alpha ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity which results in metabolic inactivation of the herbicides of the aryloxyalkanoate family.
bch-gene-scbd-104812-3 Aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides,Tolerance to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,Tolerance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate Sphingobium herbicidovorans - SPHHE The aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase (AAD-1) enzyme is able to degrade the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) and aryloxyphenoxypropionates (AOPP) herbicides, in an alpha.-ketoglutarate-dependent, enantiospecific manner.
bch-gene-scbd-106421-1 Asparagine synthetase-1 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU Asparagine synthetase is an enzyme that generates asparagine from aspartate.
bch-gene-scbd-115261-4 At1g01170 intron Intron Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-115631-1 At1g62290 locus intron Intron Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-115347-2 At1g65090 intron Intron Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-115270-3 At5g63190 intron Intron Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-115117-2 ATM protein kinase Protein coding sequence | Impaired DNA repair mechanisms,Sensitivity to DNA damaging agents Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to serine or threonine residues and is activated upon perception of genotoxic stresses (e.g. ionizing radiation). ATM primarily responds to double stranded DNA breaks. The kinase phosphorylates histone variant H2AX to form H2AXS139ph at double strand breaks. The protein becomes activated in response to stress-induced damage in somatic cells and DNA damage during meiosis. ATM has also been implicated in cellular responses to telomere dysfunction. ATM works synergistically with RUG3 during the DNA damage response.
bch-gene-scbd-114702-1 ATPase terminator Terminator Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato, SOLLC
bch-gene-scbd-115116-2 ATR serine/threonine kinase Protein coding sequence | Impaired DNA repair,Sensitivity to DNA damaging agents Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR (ATR) catalyzes the addition of a phosphorate to serine or threonine residues. The protein plays a central role in cell-cycle regulation at the G2 phase checkpoint in response to single stranded DNA, DNA damage, and/or a replication block, but is not required for G2-arrest. This protein functions by transmitting DNA damage signals to downstream effectors of cell-cycle progression. Research has suggested that ATR may phosphorylate histone variant H2AX to form H2AXS139ph at sites of DNA damage to regulate the DNA damage response mechanism. ATR is also required for the basal expression of RNR1 (ribonucleotide reductase large subunit) and for effective immune responses that involve the activation of DNA damage responses, as well as acting with telomerase to maintain telomeric DNA tracts. However, ATR is not required for telomere length homeostasis.
bch-gene-scbd-108282-1 Atrial natriuretic factor coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) Homo sapiens - HUMAN Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a powerful vasodilator, and a protein hormone secreted by heart muscle cells. It is involved in the homeostatic control of body water, sodium, potassium and fat (adipose tissue). It is released by muscle cells in the upper chambers (atria) of the heart (atrial myocytes) in response to high blood volume. ANP acts to reduce the water, sodium and adipose loads on the circulatory system, thereby reducing blood pressure.
bch-gene-scbd-103358-4 AttB λ attachment site Excision-integration site Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-105608-1 avhppd-03 gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides Avena sativa - Oat, AVESA The gene avhppd-03 decodes the enzyme AvHPPD-03 which catalyses the formation of homogentisic acid, the aromatic precursor of plastoquinone and vitamin E biosynthesis . It has a low binding afinity for mesotrione, a herbicide that inhibits HHPD. Expression of AvHPPD-03 in plant cells confers tolerance to HPPD inhibitor herbicides such as mesotrione.
bch-gene-scbd-105599-1 B-BOX32 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Photoperiod response) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH BBX32 functions downstream of multiple photoreceptors as a modulator of light responses and functions in light sensitive hypocotyl growth.
bch-gene-scbd-100273-4 B33 gene promotor Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-116056-2 Banana streak virus (Acuminata Yunnan) promoter Promoter Banana streak virus Acuminata Yunnan - BSV(AY)
bch-gene-scbd-114547-2 Barley Phytase Promoter Promoter Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU
bch-gene-scbd-114549-2 Barley Phytase Terminator Terminator Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU
bch-gene-scbd-114546-2 Barley Phytase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids, Vitamins) Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU Phytases are phosphatases that hydrolyze of phytic acid, an important phosphorous storage compound in plant seeds. Their activity thus ensures the bioavailability of phosphorous during germination, grain development, and maturation.
bch-gene-scbd-104825-2 Barnase 3' Untranslated region Terminator Bacillus amyloliquefaciens - BACAM
bch-gene-scbd-14973-6 Barnase Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Reproduction, Male sterility) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens - BACAM Barnase is a bacterial protein that has ribonuclease activity. It is lethal to the cell when expressed without its inhibitor barstar. The inhibitor binds to and occludes the ribonuclease active site, preventing barnase from damaging the cell's RNA after it has been synthesized but before it has been secreted. Barnase catalyzes hydrolysis at diribonucleotide GpN sites. Cleavage occurs in two steps using a general acid-base mechanism: a cyclic intermediate is formed during the first transesterification step, which is then hydrolysed to release the cleaved RNA. When synthesised by plants it causes male sterility by producing a ribonuclease enzyme (RNAse) that interferes with RNA production in specific cells of the pollen sac, thus disrupting their normal cell functioning and preventing the development of pollen which lead to male sterility.
bch-gene-scbd-101409-2 Barstar gene terminator Terminator Bacillus amyloliquefaciens - BACAM
bch-gene-scbd-14974-7 Barstar Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Fertility restoration) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens - BACAM The barstar gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens encodes a specific ribonuclease inhibitor (barstar enzyme) expressed only in the tapetum cells of the pollen sac during anther development. The barstar enzyme specifically inhibits barnase RNAse. Together, the barnase RNAse and the barstar form a very stable one-to-one complex, in which the RNAse is inactivated. As a result, when pollen from the restorer line is crossed to the male sterile line, the resultant progeny express the RNAse inhibitor in the tapetum cells of the anthers allowing hybrid plants to develop normal anthers and restore fertility. Also, the barstar gene may be used to prevent the barnase RNAse from disrupting the development of bacteria in which the introduced DNA was prepared during the transformation process.
bch-gene-scbd-108898-1 Beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) - This thermostable Beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase is the chimeric product resulting from the recombination of two Beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus macerans . The resulting protein depolymerises glucans in the aleurone layer and the endosperm during caryopsis germination.
bch-gene-scbd-111746-1 Beta-1,3-glucanase 2 gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU Beta-1,3-glucanases catalyse the hydrolysis of beta-1,3-glucan, which is a linear homopolymer of beta-1,3 glycosidically bound glucose residues. Together with chitinases, the beta-1,3-glucanase is part of the plant defence system to protect itself from pathogenic fungal infections.
bch-gene-scbd-260481-1 Beta-2 tubulin promoter Promoter Anopheles gambiae - African malaria mosquito, Mosquito, Malaria mosquito, ANOGA
bch-gene-scbd-260483-1 Beta-2 tubulin terminator Terminator Anopheles gambiae - African malaria mosquito, Mosquito, Malaria mosquito, ANOGA
bch-gene-scbd-105217-2 Beta-actin gene promoter Promoter Gallus gallus - Chicken, CHICK
bch-gene-scbd-108044-1 Beta-casein gene promoter Promoter Capra aegagrus hircus - Domestic goat, Goat, CAPHI
bch-gene-scbd-45875-7 Beta-galactosidase gene Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Escherichia coli - ECOLX β-galactosidase is a hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-galactosides into monosaccharides. Substrates of different β-galactosidases include ganglioside GM1, lactosylceramides, lactose, and various glycoproteins. It is commonly used in molecular biology as a reporter marker to monitor gene expression. It also exhibits a phenomenon called α-complementation which forms the basis for the blue/white screening of recombinant clones. This enzyme can be split in two peptides, LacZα and LacZΩ, neither of which is active by itself but when both are present together, spontaneously reassemble into a functional enzyme.
bch-gene-scbd-108700-1 Beta-glucosidase gene promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-46004-7 Beta-glucuronidase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Escherichia coli - ECOLX The uidA gene expresses beta-glucuronidase (GUS). Expression of this enzyme allows detection in the laboratory of transformed cells by using a simple colour change assay.   Typically used as a reporter gene or visual marker gene.
bch-gene-scbd-108284-1 Beta-Glucuronidase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Streptococcus pneumoniae - Pneumococcus, STREE Glucuronidase is a member of the glycosidase family of enzymes that catalyze breakdown of complex carbohydrates. Expression of this enzyme allows detection in the laboratory of transformed cells by using a simple colour change assay.   Typically used as a reporter gene or visual marker gene.
bch-gene-scbd-103614-2 Beta-kafirin promoter Promoter Sorghum bicolor - Sorghum
bch-gene-scbd-103615-3 Beta-kafirin Terminator Terminator Sorghum bicolor - Sorghum
bch-gene-scbd-110894-1 Beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA In the biosynthesis of fatty acids, the beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthases catalyze chain elongation by the addition of two-carbon units derived from malonyl-ACP to an acyl group bound to either ACP or CoA.
bch-gene-scbd-14975-5 Beta-lactamase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to antibiotics (Ampicillin) Escherichia coli - ECOLX Beta-lactamases are enzymes produced by some bacteria and are responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins, cephamycins, and carbapenems (ertapenem) (Cephalosporins are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase). These antibiotics have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a beta-lactam. The lactamase enzyme breaks that ring open, deactivating the molecule's antibacterial properties
bch-gene-scbd-114963-1 Beta-lactamase promoter Promoter Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-114964-1 Beta-lactamase terminator Terminator Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-115356-1 bleomycin binding protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to antibiotics,Resistance to bleomycin Escherichia coli - ECOLX The protein has a high-binding affinity for bleomycin, thus has the ability to sequester bleomycin and confer resistance.
bch-gene-scbd-110730-1 BNYVV coat protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses, Beet necrotic yellow virus (BNYV)) Beet necrotic yellow vein virus - BNYVV RNA2 of the Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (BNYVV) carries the information for the viral coat protein, an important domain for encapsidation, vector transmissibility and cell-to-cell transmission.
bch-gene-scbd-115580-1 Bovine growth hormone terminator Terminator Bos taurus - Cow, Cattle, Bull, Auroch, Oxen, Bullocks
bch-gene-scbd-48366-2 Branching Enzyme 1 Protein coding sequence | altered carbohydrate composition: increased amylopectin content Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU The be1 and be2 genes code for starch branching enzymes which catalyse the splitting of alpha-1,4-glucans and the subsequent formation of alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds between glucan chains during amylopectin synthesis. The isozymes BE1 and BE2 differ with regard to their amino acid sequences, their expression patter (BE1 is expressed mainly in potato tubers, BE2 mainly in leaves) and their specificity (e.g. size of the transferred carbohydrate chains).
bch-gene-scbd-48453-2 Branching Enzyme 2 Protein coding sequence | altered carbohydrate composition: increased amylopectin content Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU The be1 and be2 genes code for starch branching enzymes which catalyse the splitting of alpha-1,4-glucans and the subsequent formation of alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds between glucan chains during amylopectin synthesis. The isozymes BE1 and BE2 differ with regard to their amino acid sequences, their expression patter (BE1 is expressed mainly in potato tubers, BE2 mainly in leaves) and their specificity (e.g. size of the transferred carbohydrate chains).
bch-gene-scbd-105056-3 Brittle-1 gene Transit Peptide Transit signal Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-111931-2 Bromelain inhibitor gene promoter Promoter Ananas comosus - Pineapple, ANACO
bch-gene-scbd-14976-5 Bromoxynil-specific nitrilase Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Bromoxynil) Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae - Klebsiella, KLEPO A Klebsiella  ozaenae  nitrilase converts the herbicide bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4 hydroxybenzo-nitrile) to 3,6-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid to adegraded non-herbicidal product.
bch-gene-scbd-114700-2 BSMV 5' untranslated region Leader Barley stripe mosaic virus - Barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus; Barley false stripe virus; Barley mosaic virus; Barley mild stripe virus; Oat stripe mosaic virus
bch-gene-scbd-103554-2 c-myc-tag Transit signal Homo sapiens - HUMAN
bch-gene-scbd-103892-1 C5 left flanking arm Plasmid Vector Canarypox virus - CNPV
bch-gene-scbd-103891-1 C5 right flanking arm Plasmid Vector Canarypox virus - CNPV
bch-gene-scbd-101413-3 CA55 gene promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-105596-1 Caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lignin) Medicago sativa - Alfalfa, Lucerne, MEDSV Alfalfa CCOMT catalyzes O-methylation of caffeoyl and 5-hydroxyferuloyl CoA, with preference for caffeoyl CoA.
bch-gene-scbd-101405-2 Calcium-dependent protein kinase promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-105197-2 CaMV 35S Enhancer Leader Cauliflower mosaic virus - CaMV
bch-gene-scbd-101504-4 CaMV 35S promoter plus four repeats of activating sequence Promoter Cauliflower mosaic virus - CaMV
bch-gene-scbd-100287-7 CaMV 35S promoter Promoter Cauliflower mosaic virus - CaMV
bch-gene-scbd-100290-6 CaMV 35S terminator Terminator Cauliflower mosaic virus - CaMV
bch-gene-scbd-100366-6 CaMV Enhanced 35S promoter Promoter Cauliflower mosaic virus - CaMV
bch-gene-scbd-115619-1 Capsid protein Double-stranded RNA African cassava mosaic virus - ACMV
bch-gene-scbd-114274-2 Catalase 1 intron Intron Ricinus communis - Castor bean
bch-gene-scbd-115350-1 Cathepsin D inhibitor terminator Terminator Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-105019-2 cctra intron Intron Ceratitis capitata - Mediterranean fruit fly, CERCA
bch-gene-scbd-102013-3 Cdc25 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production Schizosaccharomyces pombe - Fission yeast Cdc25 proteins control entry into and progression through various phases of the cell cycle, including mitosis and S ("Synthesis") phase. They act through  dephosphorylation of CDK/cyclin complex.
bch-gene-scbd-104788-2 Cestrum Yellow Leaf Curling Virus promoter Promoter Cestrum yellow leaf curling virus - CYLCV
bch-gene-scbd-103771-1 Chalcone synthase gene promoter Promoter Antirrhinum majus - Common Snapdragon, Snapdragon
bch-gene-scbd-105670-1 Chalcone synthase gene promoter Promoter Dianthus caryophyllus - Carnation, DIACA
bch-gene-scbd-105669-1 Chalcone synthase gene promoter Promoter Rosa hybrida - Rose, ROSHC
bch-gene-scbd-265211-1 Chimeric chloroplast transit peptide TraP8 Transit signal Brassica napus, Brassica rapa - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA, Canola plant
bch-gene-scbd-109212-1 Chimeric wheat gliadin Double-stranded RNA -
bch-gene-scbd-108904-1 Chitinase 33 transit peptide Transit signal Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU
bch-gene-scbd-106332-1 Chitinase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Beta vulgaris - Common beet, Sugarbeet, BETMA Chitinases catalyse the hydrolysis of chitin, which is commonly a component of fungal cell walls and the exoskeleton of arthropods, organisms which include many important pathogens and pests, into a linear homopolymer of p-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues.
bch-gene-scbd-100382-2 Chloramphenicol-acetyl-transferase Protein coding sequence | Resistance to antibiotics (Chloramphenicol) Escherichia coli - ECOLX Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) is a bacterial enzyme that detoxifies the antibiotic chloramphenicol and is responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria.
bch-gene-scbd-114687-1 Chlorophyll a/b binding protein 1 promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-100365-6 Chloroplast transit peptide 2 Transit signal Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-103899-3 Chloroplast Transit Peptide 4 Transit signal Petunia hybrida - Petunia, PETHY
bch-gene-scbd-109363-1 Chloroplast transit peptide Transit signal Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - CHLRE
bch-gene-scbd-106247-1 Chloroplast Transit Peptide Transit signal Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-110305-1 Chloroplast transit peptide Transit signal Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-102896-4 Cholera Toxin Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Vibrio cholerae - An exotoxin, produced by Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio eltor, thats leeds to the massive, watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera infection. The cholera toxin is a member of the AB family of toxins. The function of the non-toxic B subunit is to assemble into a ring-shaped, homologous pentamer and to adhere to mem-brane receptors on the intestinal epithelial cell surface (GM1 gangliosides). The pathogenic effect stems from the A subunit. This is split into two domains, an anchor domain A2 and a toxic domain A1. The anchor domain binds the toxic A1 domain to the B subunit. Through a series of further intermediate activation steps, the A1 domain ultimately causes a massive secretion of chloride ions in the gut lumen, causing diarrhoea. It follows that the A1 subunit is toxic, but the B subunit is non-toxic.
bch-gene-scbd-116037-1 Choline dehydrogenase Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate, Ripening, Yield),Tolerance to abiotic stress (Drought, Salinity) Escherichia coli - ECOLX The protein is involved in the biosynthesis of glycine betaine by oxidizing choline to betaine aldehyde and betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine. Glycine betaine maintains cell water potential by osmotic adjustment. Plant transformed with the choline dehydrogenase gene had increased salt tolerance.
bch-gene-scbd-116039-1 Choline dehydrogenase Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Ripening, Yield),Tolerance to abiotic stress (Drought, Salinity) Sinorhizobium meliloti - RHIML The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of choline to betaine aldehyde and betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine at the same rate. Glycine betaine maintains cell water potential by osmotic adjustment.
bch-gene-scbd-259200-1 Chymosin Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications Bos taurus - Cow, Cattle, Bull, Auroch, Oxen, Bullocks The enzyme hydrolyzes casein to paracasein. It clots milk by cleaving a single 104-Ser-Phe-|-Met-Ala-107 bond in kappa-chain of casein (similar activity to pepsin A). The protein is produced in the mucosa of the abomasum (fourth stomach) of young (unweaned or suckling) cattle. The enzyme is used in cheese manufacturing to coagulate milk due to its high milk-clotting and low proteolytic activities.
bch-gene-scbd-258879-1 Cin4-1 element Transposon Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-102122-4 Cinnamoyl coenzymeA reductase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lignin) Populus tremula x Populus alba - Gray Poplar Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) catalyzes the penultimate step in monolignol biosynthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of feruloyl-CoA to coniferaldehyde and is considered the first enzyme in the monolignol-specific branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Because downregulation of the CCR gene in annual model plants significantly reduced lignin content, downregulating CCR in a woody perennial was an interesting potential avenue to improve wood quality for pulping.
bch-gene-scbd-115133-1 Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase Double-stranded RNA Populus tremula x Populus alba - Gray Poplar
bch-gene-scbd-111325-1 Citrate synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate, Yield) Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast, YEASX The citrate synthases catalyses the first step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by converting acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to citric acid.
bch-gene-scbd-15027-3 CMV coat protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses, Mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)) Cucumber mosaic virus - CMV The cp gene from CMV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by CMV.
bch-gene-scbd-114749-2 CMV Early Enhancer Enhancer Human betaherpesvirus 5 - Human cytomegalovirus, HCMV, HHV-5
bch-gene-scbd-114698-2 CMV1 5' Untranslated region 5' Untranslated region Cucumber mosaic virus - CMV
bch-gene-scbd-107876-1 CoA-transferase alpha 2 subunit gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria) Rhodococcus equi - RHOE1 The gene ipdA2 (REQ_00850) is an paralog of idpA of Rhodococcus equi but is localized outside of the cholesterol catabolic gene cluster on the bacterial chromosome. Probably it is the alpha subunit of a heterodimeric coenzyme A transferase. The biological function is not elucidated yet but it was shown that the gene product IpdA2 (GenBank accession CBH46238) acts redundantly to IdpA in the cholesterol catabolism that is important for pathogenicity of R. equi.
bch-gene-scbd-107872-1 CoA-transferase alpha subunit gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria) Rhodococcus equi - RHOE1 The gene ipdA (REQ_07170) is an ortholog of rv3551 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and likewise localized in the cholesterol catabolic gene cluster of its bacterial chromosome of Rhodococcus equi. The encoded protein IpdA (GenBank accession CBH46834) carries the PF01144 signature motif of heterodimeric coenzyme A transferase as well as the COG1788 signature of AtoD, the alpha subunit acetoacetyl-CoA transferase of E. coli. It is thought that IpdA is an alpha subunit of a heterodimeric coenzyme A transferase involved in steroid catabolism, more specific in methylhexahydroindanone propionate degradation. It was shown that the cholesterol catabolism is important for pathogenicity of R. equi.
bch-gene-scbd-107875-2 CoA-transferase beta 2 subunit gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria) Rhodococcus equi - RHOE1 The gene ipdB2 (REQ_00860) is an paralog of idpB of Rhodococcus equi but is localized outside of the cholesterol catabolic gene cluster on the bacterial chromosome. Probably it is the beta subunit of a heterodimeric coenzyme A transferase. The biological function is not elucidated yet but it was shown that the gene product IpdB2 (GenBank accession CBH46239) acts redundantly to IdpB in the cholesterol catabolism that is important for pathogenicity of R. equi.
bch-gene-scbd-107873-1 CoA-transferase beta subunit gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria) Rhodococcus equi - RHOE1 The gene ipdB (REQ_07160) is an ortholog of rv3552 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and likewise localized in the cholesterol catabolic gene cluster of its bacterial chromosome of Rhodococcus equi. The encoded protein IpdB (GenBank accession CBH46833) carries a COG2057 signature of AtoA, the beta subunit acetoacetyl-CoA transferase of E. coli. It is thought that IpdB is an beta subunit of a heterodimeric coenzyme A transferase involved in steroid catabolism, more specific in methylhexahydroindanone propionate degradation. It was shown that the cholesterol catabolism is important for pathogenicity of R. equi.
bch-gene-scbd-115108-2 Coat protein Double-stranded RNA Cassava brown streak virus - Cassava Brown Streak Virus, CBSV
bch-gene-scbd-115110-2 Coat Protein Double-stranded RNA Ugandan cassava brown streak virus - UCBSV
bch-gene-scbd-108285-2 Coding sequence of scFv4715 antibody Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Antibodies and antigens) Mus musculus - Mouse, House mouse, MOUSE Binds to Streptococcus gordonii coat protein. This bacteria is the causal agent of dental plaque/cavity. The synthetic antibody (scFv4715) consist of a heavy (Vh) and light (VL) chain of the variable regions of the immunoglobulin-G, joined by a linker peptide.
bch-gene-scbd-103065-7 Cold shock protein gene Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress (Cold / Heat, Drought) Bacillus subtilis - Bacillus, BACIU CspB is a type of stress-inducible protein that might be able to protect B. subtilis cells from damage caused by ice crystal formation during freezing.
bch-gene-scbd-115620-1 Common region Double-stranded RNA African cassava mosaic virus - ACMV
bch-gene-scbd-114991-2 Conlinin1 promoter Promoter Linum usitatissimum - Flax, Flax, Linseed, LINUS
bch-gene-scbd-114990-2 Conlinin1 terminator Terminator Linum usitatissimum - Flax, Flax, Linseed, LINUS
bch-gene-scbd-114987-2 Conlinin2 promoter Promoter Linum usitatissimum - Flax, Flax, Linseed, LINUS
bch-gene-scbd-114986-2 Conlinin2 terminator Terminator Linum usitatissimum - Flax, Flax, Linseed, LINUS
bch-gene-scbd-111871-2 COS site Excision-integration site Escherichia virus Lambda - Lambda phage, LAMBD
bch-gene-scbd-104319-1 CP Peptide Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications (Bioremediation) - A syntetic metallothionenine that binds heavy metals when expressed in plant tissues.
bch-gene-scbd-103918-3 Cruciferin A gene promoter Promoter Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-103919-1 Cruciferin A gene terminator Terminator Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-115761-1 Cry14Ab1 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Nematodes) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU CRY14Ab1 is a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis related to the other crystal proteins CRY1A, CRY3A and CRY4A. Structurally, the protein contains three domains. The protein has been demonstrated to have nematicidal activity against Caenorhabditis elegans , Panagrellus redivivus , Nippostrongylus brasiliensis , Distolabrellus veechi , Meloidogyne spp. (root knot nematodes), Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode), Hopiolaimus spp. (Lance nematode), Pratylenchus spp. and Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode). The protein is thought to act in the intestine of nematodes. During feeding assays with C. elegans , the symptoms included constriction and thinning of intestinal cells, shrinkage of the gut, vacuolization and a degenerative appearance. Due to its relation to other crystal proteins, it is thought that CRY14A may also have insecticidal properties as well.
bch-gene-scbd-43771-9 Cry1A.105 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU Cry1A.105 is a full-length, insecticidal protein consisting of 1177 amino acids with a molecular weight (MW) of 133 kDa. It is a chimeric protein that consists of domains I and II from Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac1, domain III from Cry1F, and the C-terminal domain from Cry1Ac. Cry1A.105 was designed using domain exchange strategy to achieve high levels of activity against target lepidopteran insect pests. The domains I and II of Cry1A.105 are 100% identical to the respective domains of Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac. The domain III of Cry1A.105 is 99% identical to the domain III of Cry1F. The C-terminal region of Cry1A.105 is 100% identical to that of Cry1Ac. Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab and Cry1F are all well known and well characterized insecticidal proteins derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).The overall amino acid sequence identity of Cry1A.105 to Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, and Cry1F is 93.6%, 90.0%, and 76.7%, respectively
bch-gene-scbd-14985-12 Cry1Ab Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)) - The cry1Ab gene codes for a delta-endotoxin, commonly known as "Bt-toxin", which confers resistance to the plant to lepidoptera larvae such as the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis ), the southwestern corn borer ( Diatraea grandiosella ), pink borer ( Sesamia cretica ), Spruce Budworm, Tent caterpillar, Gypsy moth, Diamondback moth, Cabbage looper, Tobacco budworm, and Cabbage worm.
bch-gene-scbd-103109-5 Cry1Ab/Ac Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa spp.)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The cry1Ab-Ac gene was constructed by combining 1 – 286 amino acid residues of Domain-I, 287 – 459 are of Domain-II, conforming to Cry1Ab of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD1. Sequence 460-608 amino acid residues are of Domain III, conforming to Cry1Ac of B. thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD73. The Cry1Ab/Ac synthetic gene is codon optimized and truncated (1,824 bp) encoding insecticidal protein (608 amino acids) of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A. Insecticidal protein against certain lepidoptera species.
bch-gene-scbd-259040-1 Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa spp.), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj is a fusion protein consisting of the two crystal proteins Cry1Ab and Cry2Aj and a connecting peptide. The fusion protein is expected to have an increased (10 times) insecticidal activity, a wider insecticidal spectrum compared to the individual crystal proteins and is expected to slow pest resistance to crystal proteins. The fusion protein is expected to be active against: cotton bollworms, beet armyworms and corn borer, as well as Chilo suppressalis of rice, corn and cotton, among other Lepidoptera pests.
bch-gene-scbd-14986-6 Cry1Ac Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The cry1Ac gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which confers resistance to lepidopteran pests of cotton, such as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens).
bch-gene-scbd-265293-1 Cry1B.34 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa spp.), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU Cry1B.34 is a chimeric protein consisting of sequences from cry1B-class (1470 base pairs), cry1Ca1 (522 base pairs) and cry9Db1 (1458 base pairs long), all sourced from Bacillus thuringiensis. The protein is active against lepidoptera pests. It acts by forming non-specific, ion conducting pores in the apical membrane of midgut epithelial cells, which causes a disruption of the midgut epithelium and leads to death.
bch-gene-scbd-258889-1 Cry1B.868 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The synthetic Cry1B.868 protein comprises domain 1 (D1) and domain 2 from Cry1Be2 (M1 to I503), domain 3 from Cry1Ca1 (N468 to N633), and the C-terminal protoxin moiety (domains 4 to 7) from Cry1Ab3 (E626 to E1155). The protein binds different receptors compared to other commonly available Bt proteins, such as Cry1F, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab and Vip3A, but continues to demonstrate a pore-forming mode of action. Thus, the protein causes mortality and developmental delay in susceptible Lepidoptera insects, such as fall armyworm. In assays using Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm colonies, the protein overcame the insect's Bt-resistance.
bch-gene-scbd-265208-1 Cry1Da2 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa spp.), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The Cry1Da2 protein is a delta-endotoxin crystal protein, consisting of three domains. The protein binds the brush border member of susceptible lepidopteran pests and causes cell death through the formation of non-specific, ion conducting pores in the apical membrane of the midgut epithelial cells.
bch-gene-scbd-258890-1 Cry1Da_7 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa spp.), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The synthetic Cry1Da_7 protein is a chimeric protein consisting of the Cry1Da1 core toxin domain with three aa substitutions in the active core (S282V, Y316S, I368P) and the Cry1Ab3 protoxin domain. The protein binds different receptors compared to other commonly available Bt proteins, such as Cry1F, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab and Vip3A, but continues to demonstrate a pore-forming mode of action. Thus, the protein causes mortality and developmental delay in susceptible Lepidoptera insects, such as fall armyworm and corn earworms. In assays using Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm colonies, the protein overcame the insect's Bt-resistance.
bch-gene-scbd-14987-8 Cry1F Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The cry1F gene codes for codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant against the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and other lepidopterans such as the pink borer (Sesamia spp.), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) and southwestern corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella).
bch-gene-scbd-14988-7 Cry2Ab2 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The cry2A(b) gene encodes codes for a Bt-toxin, which confers resistance to lepidopteran pests of cotton, such as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens).
bch-gene-scbd-101895-8 Cry2Ae Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa spp.), Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU Cry2Ae protein as expressed in cotton has 631 amino acids. The deduced molecular weight is 71 kDa. The Cry2Ae protein is effective in controlling lepidopteran plant feeding larvae such as cotton bollworm larvae, tobacco budworm larvae and fall armyworm larvae which are common pests of cotton.
bch-gene-scbd-14994-9 Cry34Ab1 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The cry34Ab1 gene codes for a 14kDa Bt-toxin Cry34Ab1. When expressed with Cry35Ab1 it results in the mortality of Coleopteran insects, such as western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), northern corn rootworm (D. barberi), and mexican corn rootworm (D. virgifera zeae)  upon oral ingestion.
bch-gene-scbd-14995-8 Cry35Ab1 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The cry35Ab1 gene codes for a 44kDa Bt-toxin Cry35Ab1. When expressed with Cry34Ab1 it results in the mortality of Coleopteran insects, such as western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), northern corn rootworm (D. barberi), and mexican corn rootworm (D. virgifera zeae)  upon oral ingestion.
bch-gene-scbd-14989-5 Cry3A Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The cry3A gene codes for a Bt-Toxin, which confers resistance to western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica longicornis barberi) and other related coleopteran species.
bch-gene-scbd-14993-5 Cry3Bb1 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The cry3Bb1 gene, isolated from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subspecies kumamotoensis, produces the insect control protein Cry3Bb1, a delta-endotoxin. The Cry3Bb1 protein provides protection against the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica vigifera) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi).
bch-gene-scbd-14996-8 Cry9C Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The Cry9C protein, when expressed, protects the plants against feeding damage of larvae of the lepidopteran insect European corn borer  by selectively binding to specific sites localized on the brush border midgut epithelium of susceptible insect species.
bch-gene-scbd-109361-1 Cry9E Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The Cry9E protein, when expressed, protects the plants against feeding damage of larvae of the lepidopteran insect European corn borer  by selectively binding to specific sites localized on the brush border midgut epithelium of susceptible insect species.
bch-gene-scbd-102150-3 Cryj gene Protein coding sequence | Vaccine against pollen allergies Cryptomeria japonica - Japanese cedar Cryj is a major allergen of Japanese cedar pollen. Cryj genes are being used to develop vaccines for treatment of Japanese cedar pollinosis/ allergies.
bch-gene-scbd-101900-6 CsVMV promoter Promoter Cassava vein mosaic virus - Cassava vein mosaic virus, CVMV, CsVMV
bch-gene-scbd-103096-2 Cyanophycin synthetase Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications - Cyanophycin synthetase catalyzes the polymerisation of aspartate monomers to a polyaspartate-chain. The aspartate monomers are covalently linked by their beta-carboxy- and alpha-amino groups. Additional arginine side chains are observed. This biopolymer is produced by a variety of cyaonobacteria such as Thermosynecchococcus elongates as a storage molecule for nitrogen.
bch-gene-scbd-104770-2 Cyclobutylpyrimidine dimer photolyase Gene Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the light-dependent monomerization (300-600 nm) of cyclobutylpyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which are formed between adjacent bases on the same DNA strand upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Required for plant survival in the presence of UV-B light. Protein can therefore be used in conferring tolerance to UV-B induced abiotic stress caused by the formation of Cyclobutylpyrimidine dimers. CPDs are neutralised by CPD photolyase thus reducing the effect of UV-B radiation damage
bch-gene-scbd-258934-1 Cysteine protease transit peptide Transit signal Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-104593-1 Cytochrome b5 Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Antioxidants, Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Petunia hybrida - Petunia, PETHY Cyt b5 protein acts as an electron donor to the Cyt P450 enzyme and is required for full activity of the Cyt P450 enzyme Flavinoid 3' 5' hydroxylase in vivo and the generation of purple/ blue flower colours.
bch-gene-scbd-108701-2 Cytokinin dehydrogenase 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress (Drought) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH Cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases (CKX) catalyze the irreversible degradation of the cytokinins isopentenyladenine, zeatin, and their ribosides in a single enzymatic step by oxidative side chain cleavage.
bch-gene-scbd-108709-1 Cytokinin dehydrogenase 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress (Drought) Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU Cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases (CKX) catalyze the irreversible degradation of the cytokinins isopentenyladenine, zeatin, and their ribosides in a single enzymatic step by oxidative side chain cleavage.
bch-gene-scbd-115697-1 Cytokinin dehydrogenase 1 signal peptide Transit signal Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-108707-1 Cytokinin dehydrogenase 2 gene Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress (Drought) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH Cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases (CKX) catalyze the irreversible degradation of the cytokinins isopentenyladenine, zeatin, and their ribosides in a single enzymatic step by oxidative side chain cleavage.
bch-gene-scbd-111451-1 Cytosolic starch phosphorylase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU Phosphorylases catalyse the reversible phosphorolysis of terminal glucose units of alpha-1,4-glucans. Depending on the concentration of inorganic phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate, the enzyme can both synthesise and degrade glucans.
bch-gene-scbd-102614-3 D1 thylakoid membrane protein (psbA) gene terminator Terminator Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-103772-2 D8 gene terminator Terminator Petunia hybrida - Petunia, PETHY
bch-gene-scbd-263018-2 Dahlia mosaic virus enhancer Enhancer Dahlia mosaic virus - DMV, 9VIRU, DaMV
bch-gene-scbd-110906-1 Dc3 promoter Promoter Daucus carota subsp. sativus - Carrot, DAUCA
bch-gene-scbd-108927-1 Defensin coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria, Fungi) Homo sapiens - HUMAN Defensins are a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif.
bch-gene-scbd-108261-3 Defensin gene coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria, Fungi) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH Plant defensins exhibit antimicrobial activities, invitro, particularly against filamentous fungi and are thus believed to contribute to the defence arsenal of plants directed against microbial phytopahtogens.
bch-gene-scbd-111875-2 Defensin-like protein 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Dahlia merckii - Bedding dahlia, DAHME AMP1 is a cysteine-rich polypeptide of 50 amino acids with a calculated mass of approximately 5 kD. It is a plant defensin that inhibits fungal growth. The protein is expressed in the seeds and protects the developing seedling from pathogenic fungi.
bch-gene-scbd-109219-1 Dehydroascorbate reductase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Vitamins) Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) reduces dehydroascorbate (DHA) to ascorbate with glutathione (GSH) as the electron donor.
bch-gene-scbd-263013-2 Delila Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Antioxidants, Pigmentation / Coloration) Antirrhinum majus - Common Snapdragon, Snapdragon DELILA is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that interacts with Rosea 1 and WDR1 proteins to regulate flower pigmentation. The proteins increase transcription, and thus subsequent expression of, anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Overexpression of Delila in tobacco also suggested that increased anti-oxidant activity improved the abiotic stress tolerance of the modified plants. Due to the red pigment production, the gene could also be used as a visible selectable marker.
bch-gene-scbd-113305-1 delta 12-desaturase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Lachancea kluyveri - Yeast, LACKL Facilitates the synthesis of hexadecadienoic acid as well as linoleic acid.
bch-gene-scbd-113299-2 delta 15-desaturase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Pichia pastoris - Yeast, PICPA Desaturases catalyze the introduction of double bonds between the carboxylic end of a molecule and a preexisting double bond to introduce further unsaturation into existing polyunsaturated fatty acids or make polyunsaturated fatty acids de novo in mammals deprived of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids.
bch-gene-scbd-113304-1 delta 4-desaturase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Rebecca salina - Microalga, REBSA Delta-4 desaturase is the final enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from docosapentaenoic acid.
bch-gene-scbd-113298-1 delta 5-desaturase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Rebecca salina - Microalga, REBSA Fatty acid desaturase that introduces a cis double bond at the 5-position in 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids incorporated in a glycerolipid that contain a Delta8 double bond.
bch-gene-scbd-113300-1 delta 5-elongase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Pyramimonas cordata - Microalga, PYRCR Catalyses the conversion of eicosapentaenoic acid to docosapentaenoic acid.
bch-gene-scbd-113296-2 delta 6-desaturase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Micromonas pusilla - Picoplanktonic green alga, MICPS Delta 6 desaturase (FADS6), a membrane-bound desaturase which converts linoleic acid to γ-linolenic acid or α-linolenic acid to stearidonic acid by introducing a double bond between carbons 6 and 7 from the carboxyl end of the substrate.
bch-gene-scbd-113297-1 delta 6-elongase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Pyramimonas cordata - Microalga, PYRCR delta 6-elongase converts γ-linolenic acid to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DHGLA) or stearidonic acid to eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA).
bch-gene-scbd-100267-2 delta(12)-fatty acid dehydrogenase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN The gm-fad2-1 is a fragment of the omega-6 desaturase gene 1 (FAD2-1) from Glycine max (soybean) that corresponds to approximately 40% of the middle portion of the coding region of FAD2-1 (597 bp). gm-fad2-1 itself does not code for a functional protein, but transcription of this gene fragment transgenic soybean seeds acts to suppress transcription of endogenous omega-6 desaturase, resulting in the high oleic phenotype.
bch-gene-scbd-112726-1 delta(12)-fatty acid desaturase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Carthamus tinctorius - Safflower, CARTI FAD2 genes introduce a double bond at the Δ12 position of an oleic acid on phosphatidylcholine and convert it to linoleic acid.
bch-gene-scbd-115637-1 Delta-12 desaturase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids),Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)) Phytophthora sojae - Delta-12 desaturase catalyzes the formation of a double bond at the 12th position from the carboxy end of the fatty acid, converting oleic acid to linoleic acid.
bch-gene-scbd-104625-2 delta-15 desaturase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Neurospora crassa - NEUCS Desaturases catalyze the introduction of double bonds between the carboxylic end of a molecule and a preexisting double bond to introduce further unsaturation into existing polyunsaturated fatty acids or make polyunsaturated fatty acids de novo in mammals deprived of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids.
bch-gene-scbd-115645-2 Delta-4 desaturase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids),Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)) Thraustochytrium sp. - Thraustochytrids Delta-4 desaturase catalyzes the creation of a double bond at the fourth position from the carboxyl end of docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5), converting it into docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6). It was also found that the another substrate for Δ4-desaturase, 22:4ω6, can be parallely desaturated to 22:5ω6.
bch-gene-scbd-115286-3 delta-5 desaturase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Thraustochytrium sp. - Thraustochytrids Delta-5 desaturase converts dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3) to arachidonic acid (20:4), by removing two hydrogen atoms and creating a double bond at the fifth carbon-carbon bond from the carboxylic acid end in fatty acids.
bch-gene-scbd-115651-1 Delta-5 elongase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids),Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)) Ostreococcus tauri - Green algae Delta-5 elongase adds two carbon-hydrogen groups to the carboxyl end of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), converting it to docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3).
bch-gene-scbd-115269-2 delta-6 elongase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Physcomitrella patens - spreading earthmoss, physcomitrella moss Delta-6 elongase is involved in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids and catalyzes the addition of two carbon-hydrogen groups to the carboxyl end of γ-linolenic acid, converting it to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. Reactions: malonyl-CoA + γ-linolenoyl-CoA + H+ → 3-oxodihomo γ-linolenoyl-CoA + CO2 + coenzyme A malonyl-CoA + stearidonoyl-CoA + H+ → (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatetraenoyl-CoA + CO2 + coenzyme A
bch-gene-scbd-115633-1 Delta-6 elongase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids),Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)) Thalassiosira pseudonana - Centric diatom Delta-6 elongase is involved in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids and catalyzes the addition of two carbon-hydrogen groups to the carboxyl end of γ-linolenic acid, converting it to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. Reactions: malonyl-CoA + γ-linolenoyl-CoA + H+ → 3-oxodihomo γ-linolenoyl-CoA + CO2 + coenzyme A malonyl-CoA + stearidonoyl-CoA + H+ → (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatetraenoyl-CoA + CO2 + coenzyme A
bch-gene-scbd-115349-2 delta-6-desaturase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids),Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)) Ostreococcus tauri - Green algae Δ6-Desaturases introduce Δ6 double bonds, converting linoleic acid (C18:2,Δ9,12) into γ-linolenic acid (C18:3,Δ6,9,12) and/or α-linolenic acid (C18:3,Δ9,12,15) to stearidonic acid (C18:4,Δ6,9,12,15).
bch-gene-scbd-104623-2 Delta-6-desaturase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Primula juliae - Juliae primrose, PRIJU Catalyses the synthesis of  stearidonic acid from α-linoleic acid
bch-gene-scbd-102160-5 delta-9 Acyl-lipid desaturase Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress (Cold / Heat) Synechocystis sp. - Cyanobacteria, SYNYX The desC (a.k.a. des9) is involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (lipid metabolism). Fatty acid unsaturation was found to be essential for tolerance to low temperatures by cyanobacteria. Similar proteins exist in higher plants.
bch-gene-scbd-265210-2 DGT28 5-enolpiruvilshikimate- 3-phosphate synthase Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) Streptomyces sviceus - STRXS The DGT-28 EPSPS from Streptomyces sviceus is part of a new class (class IV) of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase enzymes (EPSPS) that confer tolerance to high concentrations of glyphosate. The enzyme is part of the shikimate pathway, which is involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and other aromatic compounds. The anzyme catalyzes the transfer of the enolpyruvoyl moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate to the 5′-hydroxyl group of shikimate-3-phosphate with a concomitant liberation of inorganic phosphate. In susceptible plants, the herbicide glyphosate inhibits the biochemical activity of the enzyme.
bch-gene-scbd-100728-3 Dicamba monooxygenase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides Stenotrophomonas maltophilia - S. maltophilia, Stenotrophomonas DMO (dicamba monooxygenase) catalyzes the O-demethylation of 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba) to yield 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA) and formaldehyde via an exocyclic monooxygenation. Thus, the enzyme confers tolerance to dicamba herbicides in planta.
bch-gene-scbd-104383-1 Dihydrodipicolinate synthase chloroplast targeting sequence Transit signal Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-14978-3 Dihydrodipicolinate synthase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) Corynebacterium glutamicum - CORGT Dihydropicolinate synthase is the key enzyme in lysine biosynthesis via the diaminopimelate pathway of prokaryotes, some phycomycetes and higher plants. The enzyme catalyses the condensation of L-aspartate-beta- semialdehyde and pyruvate to dihydropicolinic acid via a ping-pong mechanism in which pyruvate binds to the enzyme by forming a Schiff base with a lysine residue.
bch-gene-scbd-105819-1 Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase intron Intron Petunia hybrida - Petunia, PETHY
bch-gene-scbd-105798-1 Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase promoter Promoter Petunia hybrida - Petunia, PETHY
bch-gene-scbd-105799-1 Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase terminator Terminator Petunia hybrida - Petunia, PETHY
bch-gene-scbd-104594-4 Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Dianthus caryophyllus - Carnation, DIACA The gene encodes dihydroflavonol reductase which functions in the biosynthesis pathway of the pink/ red-coloured anthocyandin 3-O-(6-O-malylglucoside) pigment in carnations.
bch-gene-scbd-110470-2 Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Iris sp. - Iris, IRIOR The gene encodes dihydroflavonol reductase which functions in the biosynthesis pathway of the pink/ red-coloured anthocyandin 3-O-(6-O-malylglucoside) pigment in iris.
bch-gene-scbd-15009-4 Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Petunia hybrida - Petunia, PETHY The gene encodes dihydroflavonol reductase functions in the biosynthesis of the blue-coloured anthocyanin pigment delphinidin.
bch-gene-scbd-110471-2 Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Rosa hybrida - Rose, ROSHC The gene encodes dihydroflavonol reductase functions in the biosynthesis of pelargonidin-based anthocyanins in roses.
bch-gene-scbd-111603-2 Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR A1) is involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.
bch-gene-scbd-15008-3 DNA Adenine Methylase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Reproduction, Male sterility) Escherichia coli - ECOLX DAM ,when under the control of an anther specific promoter, results in male sterility by preventing transformed plants from producing anthers or pollen via its affects on methylation patters of genes involved in pollen production.
bch-gene-scbd-103764-1 Dorsomycin gene 3'UTR Terminator Drosophila melanogaster - Common Fruit Fly
bch-gene-scbd-259120-2 Doublesex splicing module splicing module Spodoptera frugiperda - Fall armyworm
bch-gene-scbd-101476-6 DsRed2 Fluorescent Protein Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Discosoma sp. - Coral anemones, Sea anemones DsRed2 is a highly engineered monomeric form of the normally tetrameric red fluorescent protein variant of Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein (drFP583; 1) with faster maturation and lower non-specific aggregation. DsRed2 functions as a reporter protein and selectable marker for use in genetic engineering and molecular experiments.
bch-gene-scbd-105600-1 E6 gene terminator Terminator Gossypium barbadense - Sea-island cotton, Egyptian cotton, GOSBA
bch-gene-scbd-104862-2 E8 gene promoter Promoter Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato, SOLLC
bch-gene-scbd-111970-1 Early/Late promoter Promoter -
bch-gene-scbd-104789-2 eCry3.1Ab Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles), Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU An engineered Cry gene active against certain corn rootworm (Diabrotica) species . The gene ecry3.1Ab consists of a fusion between the 5′ end (Domain I, Domain II and 15 amino acids of Domain III) of a modified Cry3A gene (mcry3A) and the 3′ end (Domain III and Variable Region 6) of a synthetic Cry1Ab gene Upstream of the mcry3A domain, the gene ecry3.1Ab carries a 67-bp-long oligomer extension at its 5′ end, which was introduced during the engineering of the variable regions and is translated into the following 22 amino acid residues: MTSNGRQCAGIRPYDGRQQHRG. The next 459 amino acid residues are identical to a portion of mCry3A, followed by 172 residues that are identical to a portion of Cry1Ab.
bch-gene-scbd-115065-1 Elongation Factor 1 alpha promoter Promoter Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-103905-1 Elongation factor EF-1alpha Intron 1 Intron Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-103904-1 Elongation factor EF-1alpha Leader Leader Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-103903-1 Elongation factor EF-1alpha promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-111745-1 Endochitinase 2 gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU Endochitinases randomly hydrolyse internal β-1,4-linkages of chitin, releasing oligomers of GlcNAc. Chitin is not present in plant cells, but is a major component of the cell walls of many filamentous, possibly pathogenic, fungi. The presence of endochitinase is therefore part of the plant's defence system against fungal pathogens as it leads to a disruption in the fungal cell wall formation together with beta-1,3-glucanases.
bch-gene-scbd-108903-1 Endochitinase 42 coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Trichoderma harzianum - TRIHA Endochitinase 42 randomly hydrolyses N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (1->4)-beta-linkages in chitin and chitodextrinsis, which are major structural components of the fungal cell wall.
bch-gene-scbd-111544-2 Endolysin gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria) Enterobacteria phage T4 - Bacteriophage T4, Phage T4, Coliphage T4, BPT4 Endolysin is a bactericidal muralytic enzyme that facilitates bacterial cell wall lysis.
bch-gene-scbd-109046-1 Endo‐1,4‐β‐d‐glucanase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH Cel1 is a glycosyl hydrolase (1,4-β-endoglucanase) which binds to the noncrystalline cellulose and xyloglucans, promoting the relaxation of the cell wall during the stages of expansion and elongation of the plant cell.
bch-gene-scbd-111453-1 Enhanced blue fluorescent protein gene Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Aequorea victoria - Crystal Jellyfish, Water Jellyfish, AEQVI Enhanced Blue Fluorescent Protein is a genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Its emission peak is 450-480nm. It is broadly used as a reporter gene in organisms and cell cultures.
bch-gene-scbd-260488-1 Enhanced green fluorescent protein Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration),Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Aequorea victoria - Crystal Jellyfish, Water Jellyfish, AEQVI Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) is a variant of the wild-type green fluorescent protein (GFP) that has been modified for better optical visibility in cells. The protein exhibits a single excitation peak at 490 nm. Compared to GFP, eGFP has a greater intensity emission and improved folding efficiency at 37℃. The sequence differs from GFP by the replacements of phenylalanine for leucine at amino acid position 64 and serine for threonine at position 65.
bch-gene-scbd-105732-1 Enhanced Yellow Fluorescent Protein gene Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Aequorea victoria - Crystal Jellyfish, Water Jellyfish, AEQVI Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP) is a genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Its excitation peak is 514 nm and its emission peak is 527 nm.
bch-gene-scbd-116144-1 Envelope glycoprotein gp160 Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Human immunodeficiency virus 1 - HIV-1 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 is a pre-protein that is cleaved in the host Golgi to produce two proteins: gp120 and gp41. Surface protein gp120 is the viral protein that binds the host CD4 receptor. Binding to CD4 causes a structural conformation change allowing for a high affinity binding site to be formed for CXCR4 and/or CCR5. The protein is often present as a trimer, has five variable domains and post-translational modifications (glycosylation to evade host immune recognition). Transmembrane protein gp41 is associated with gp120 and makes up the 'stalk' the envelope spike. The protein is required for viral fusion with the host cell. The protein is roughly 345 amino acids in size with three domains: C-terminal cytoplasmic tail, transmembrane domain and extracellular domain (to associate with gp120).
bch-gene-scbd-114714-1 Envelope protein Protein coding sequence Japanese encephalitis virus - JEV SA14-14-2 Envelope protein binds the host cell surface receptor and mediates membrane fusion between the virus and host cell. Translation of pre-membrane-envelope pre-protein occurs in host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and facilitates viral budding from ER. Dissociation from prM occurs in the Golgi due to low pH.
bch-gene-scbd-111929-2 Epoxide hydrolase promoter Promoter Ananas comosus - Pineapple, ANACO
bch-gene-scbd-112262-1 EPSPS gene promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-112263-1 EPSPS gene terminator Terminator Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-110714-1 Erns coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Pestivirus A - BVDV-1 Erns is a glycoprotein found on the surface of the BVDV viron. In addition to being a virion protein, a proportion of Erns is secreted from infected cells into the extracellular environment as a consequence of it lacking a typical transmembrane anchor domain. The biological significance of secreted Erns has not been determined. However, Erns has two defined activities. First, Erns has an RNase activity that shows a strong preference for single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). Second, Erns glycoproteins of both BVDV and a closely related pestivirus, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), have been shown to bind to cell surface glycosylaminoglycans through residues located close to their C termini.
bch-gene-scbd-105735-2 Ethylene response factor gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield) Populus trichocarpa - Western balsam poplar, Black cottonwood, California poplar, POPTR Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs) are a large family of transcription factors that mediate responses to ethylene. Ethylene affects many aspects of wood development and is involved in tension wood formation. Thus ERFs could be key players connecting ethylene action to wood development.
bch-gene-scbd-105200-3 Farnesene Synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications (Biofuel production) Artemisia annua - Artemisia, Sweet Wormwood, Sweet Annie, Sweet Sagewort, Annual Wormwood Te enzyme catalyzes the production of beta-farnesene from farnesyl diphosphate.
bch-gene-scbd-107865-1 FATB2 ACP-thioesterase gene Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications (Biofuel production) Cuphea wrightii - Wright's waxweed, CUPWR Acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases play an essential role in chain termination during de novo fatty acid synthesis and in the channeling of carbon flux between the two lipid biosynthesis pathways in plants.
bch-gene-scbd-110907-1 Fatty acid deasturase 2 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) is involved in fatty acid synthesis in plants and acts by catalyzing the desaturation of oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2).
bch-gene-scbd-110304-1 Fatty acid desaturase 2 intron Intron Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-104323-2 Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Linum usitatissimum - Flax, Flax, Linseed, LINUS Catalyses the desaturation of oleic acid to linoleic acid.
bch-gene-scbd-115652-2 Fatty acid elongase 1 terminator Terminator Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-114988-3 Fatty acid elongase promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-115650-1 Fatty acid elongation 1 promoter Promoter Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-45046-5 Feline leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Feline leukemia virus - Feline leukemia virus, FeLV The feline Leukemia virus env gene (FeLV-env) encodes a glycoprotein. The FeLV-env is used together with the nucleoprotein (FeLV-gag) and reverse transcriptase (FeLV-pol) genes of the feline leukemia virus in a vaccine. The FeLV-env gene induces the production of anti-viral antibodies helping to prevent the disease in cats.
bch-gene-scbd-45047-4 Feline leukemia virus gag gene Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Feline leukemia virus - Feline leukemia virus, FeLV The feline leukemia virus gag gene (FeLV-gag) encodes the structural proteins of the virion core. The complete FeLV-gag gene is used together with the glycoprotein (FeLV-env) and reverse transcriptase (FeLV-pol) genes of the feline leukemia virus in vaccines to help preventing the disease in cats.
bch-gene-scbd-45048-4 Feline Leukemia Virus pol gene Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Feline leukemia virus - Feline leukemia virus, FeLV The feline leukemia virus pol gene (FeLV-pol) encodes a reverse transcriptase (enzyme that "converts", i.e., reverse transcribes, RNA into DNA). A portion of the FeLV-pol gene that is not expressed is used together with the glycoprotein (FeLV-env) and the complete nucleoprotein (FeLV-gag) genes of the feline leukemia virus in vaccines to help preventing the disease in cats.
bch-gene-scbd-115600-1 Ferredoxin-like amphipathic protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria) Capsicum annuum - Bell pepper, Sweet pepper, Chili pepper, CAPAN Plant ferredoxin-like protein is a Ferredoxin-I protein that is involved in the hypersensitive response (HR) and plant immune response to bacterial pathogens. The protein contains an N-terminal chloroplast transit peptide that causes the protein to accumulate within the chloroplasts of cells. In transgenic applications, the protein can also be found in the cytoplasm. The exact resistance mechanism of this protein to bacterial remains unclear. However, transgenic applications of this protein have shown that it intensifies the HR and increases the production of reactive oxygen species in response to the pathogen associated molecular pattern harpin, which is produced by Gram negative bacterial pathogens, such as Pseudomonas syringae .
bch-gene-scbd-111326-1 Ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase transit peptide Transit signal Spinacia oleracea - Spinach, SPIOL
bch-gene-scbd-110472-1 Ferritin 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Change in vacuole ion profile,Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Rosa hybrida - Rose, ROSHC Ferritin is a ubiquitous intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion.
bch-gene-scbd-115136-1 Ferritin 1 Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content,Increased levels of iron,Tolerance to abiotic stress,Tolerance to excess iron Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH FERRITIN 1 (FER1) encodes a chloroplastic protein with ferroxidase activity that stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Ferritins convey tolerance to iron overloading as demonstrated by loss of function mutants with a sensitivity to iron. Mutants also demonstrated smaller leaves, increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, and decreased carbon dioxide fixation.
bch-gene-scbd-110475-1 Ferritin 2 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Rosa hybrida - Rose, ROSHC Ferritin is a ubiquitous intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion.
bch-gene-scbd-104332-2 Firefly Luciferase Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Photinus pyralis - North American firefly, Common Eastern firefly, Big Dipper firefly, PHOPY Firefly luciferase from Photinus pyralis (luc) is an ATP-dependent luciferase widely used as a reporter enzyme for cell-based gene expression assays, principally due to the high sensitivity and large dynamic range bioluminescence affords.
bch-gene-scbd-108911-1 FLAG Tag Transit signal -
bch-gene-scbd-263128-2 Flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene promoter Promoter Chrysanthemum morifolium - Florists chrysanthemum, Mum, Florist's daisy, Hardy garden mum, CHRMO
bch-gene-scbd-105446-2 Flavone synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Torenia sp. - Torenia hybrid, Wishbone flowers, Blue Wings, TOREN Flavone synthase acts on the flavanones (naringenin, eriodictyol and pentahydroxyflavanone) to produce flavones (apigenin, luteolin and tricetin, respectively). A major use of flavones in biotechnology is for them to act as co-pigments to enhance the bluing of the anthocyanins.
bch-gene-scbd-109829-1 Flavonoid 3', 5' hydroxylase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Campanula medium - Canterbury bells, Cup-and-saucer, Bellflower, CAMME Flavonoid-3', 5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) is the key enzyme in the synthesis of 3', 5'-hydroxylated anthocyanins, which are generally required for the expression of blue or purple flower color.
bch-gene-scbd-15010-3 Flavonoid 3', 5' hydroxylase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Petunia hybrida - Petunia, PETHY Flavonoid-3', 5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) is the key enzyme in the synthesis of 3', 5'-hydroxylated anthocyanins, which are generally required for the expression of blue or purple flower color.
bch-gene-scbd-104606-2 Flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Salvia splendens - Salvia, Ornamental Sage, Scarlet Sage, Tropical Sage, SALSN Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase is an enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway that is involved in the biosynthesis of the anthocyanidin delphinidin. Delphinidin-related anthocyanins typically have a blue coloured hue.
bch-gene-scbd-43793-4 Flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Viola sp. - Pansy, VIOLA Flavonoid 3’,5’-hydroxylase is an enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway that is involved in the biosynthesis of a group of blue coloured anthocyanins called delphinidins.
bch-gene-scbd-258648-2 Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Commelina communis - Asiatic dayflower, Dayflower, Common dayflower, Asiatic daisy The protein functions in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. The enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of the benzene ring of dihydrokaempferol to produce dihydromyricetin (a precursor of delphinidin, a blue pigment). The enzyme additionally catalyzes the 3'5'-hydroxylation of naringenin and eriodictyol to form 5,7,3,'4',5'-pentahydroxyflavanone. Overexpression of flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase genes in some ornamental flowers resulted in blue-purple coloured petals.
bch-gene-scbd-105671-1 Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Chrysanthemum morifolium - Florists chrysanthemum, Mum, Florist's daisy, Hardy garden mum, CHRMO Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)is a key protein in the anthocyanidin 3-glucosides biosynthesis pathway. Expression of F3'H leads to the of biosynthesis of cyanidin-related anthocyanins. Suppression of its activity results in the accumulation of pelargonidin and/or delphinidin related anthocyanins.
bch-gene-scbd-105672-1 Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Rosa hybrida - Rose, ROSHC Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) is a key protein in the anthocyanidin 3-glucosides biosynthesis pathway. Expression of F3'H leads to the of biosynthesis of cyanidin-related anthocyanins. Suppression of its activity results in the accumulation of pelargonidin and/or delphinidin related anthocyanins.
bch-gene-scbd-260877-1 Flippase recombinase recognition targets Recognition sequence Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast, YEASX
bch-gene-scbd-101507-5 FMV 34S promoter Promoter Figwort mosaic virus - Figwort mottle virus, FMV, CMoVb
bch-gene-scbd-105196-2 FMV 35S Enhancer Leader Figwort mosaic virus - Figwort mottle virus, FMV, CMoVb
bch-gene-scbd-111066-1 Fructan-fructan-1-fructosyltransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus - Artichoke, Globe artichoke, CYNCS The fructan-fructan-1-fructosyl transferase (FFT) from Cynara scolymus is an enzyme involved in fructan metabolism. Specifically, inulin, a heterogeneous collection of different length fructans, is biosynthesized in vitro from sucrose by the combined action of two fructosyl transferases: Suc:Suc 1-fructosyl transferase and fructan:fructan 1-fructosyl transferase. FFTs elongate a pre-synthesized fructose chains at the expense of another pre-synthesized chain.
bch-gene-scbd-111604-1 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-111545-2 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is an enzyme that converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle which are both anabolic pathways. It is part of the sucrose biosynthesis pathway.
bch-gene-scbd-103763-1 fs(1)K10 3' UTR Terminator Drosophila melanogaster - Common Fruit Fly
bch-gene-scbd-105090-4 Fusion protein gene Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Avian orthoavulavirus 1 - Newcastle disease virus, NDV The fusion (F) glycoprotein is one of the proteins that forms the viral envelope of NDV. Its function is to fuse with, and penetrate through the host cell membrane during infection.
bch-gene-scbd-107959-1 GA2-oxidase promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-116153-1 Gag polyprotein Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Human immunodeficiency virus 1 - HIV-1 HIV-1 gag (group specific antigen) encodes a 53 kDa polyprotein, which consists of proteins that mediate virion assembly and budding (binding plasma membrane, creating necessary protein-protein interactions to create spherical particles, recruiting envelope proteins and RNA genome packaging). Translation of gag occurs on the full unspliced mRNA. The polyprotein will form spherical arrays inside the budding immature virus, which will then undergo autocatalytic cleavage into four proteins: p17, p24, p7 and p6. Matrix (MA) p17 targets the polyprotein to the plasma membrane and is part of the pre-integration complex. This protein is implicated in the release from host cell and binds RNA. Post-cleavage from gag, the protein is found underlying the envelope. MA consists of 128 amino acids. Capsid (CA) protein p24 forms the structural, conical core that encapsulates the genome RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. The core is constituted by hexamer subunits and is disassembled after virion entry. Formation of mature virions is dependent on CA. In other non-human species (such as monkeys), host factors bind this protein to cause premature capsid disassembly (thus restricting HIV to humans). Nucleocapsid (NC) protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced genome RNA. This protein acts a nucleic acid chaperone that causes a structural conformational change to allow for genome RNA retrotranscription. As part of the polyprotein, it functions in genomic RNA dimerization, packaging, tRNA incorporation and virion assembly (structural role in the immature virion). NC is 55 amino acids long and contains zinc finger domains. p6 is the C-terminus of Gag and is 52 amino acids long. It is important in budding of the assembled particle. Spacer proteins p2 (SP1; 14 amino acids) and p1 (SP2; 16 amino acids) are also present between CA + NC and NC + p6, respectively.
bch-gene-scbd-116062-1 Gamma kafarin terminator Terminator Sorghum bicolor - Sorghum
bch-gene-scbd-101271-4 Gamma-glutamylcysteine Synthetase I gene Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications (Bioremediation) Escherichia coli - ECOLX Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase plays an important role in the synthesis of glutathione (glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) insofar as it specifically catalyses the ligation of glutamic acid and cysteine to form glutamylcysteine under energy consumption. Other gamma-ECS substrates are not known. Glutathione is formed in a second step, in which glycine is bound to the dipeptide by glutathione synthetase. Glutathione performs several functions in plant cells. As an antioxidant, it protects plant cells against oxidation, acts as a reserve for organic sulphur and as a precursor for phytochelatins [(gamma-glutamylcysteine)n-glycine; n=2-11] it contributes to the detoxification of xenobiotics and heavy metals. This is brought about by the formation of stable complexes with metal ions from the thiol group of the cysteine residues of phytochelatins, which are pumped under ATP consumption into the plant cell vacuoles where they are stored.
bch-gene-scbd-104314-4 Gene 4 transcription terminator Terminator Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-103649-1 gI Glycoprotein Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 - SHV-1 GI is belived to contribute to the viruses virulence by facilitating the spread of the virus through the central nervous system.
bch-gene-scbd-111070-1 Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH GA2-oxidase is involved in catalyzing a reaction that results in the degradation of active gibberellin.
bch-gene-scbd-103517-3 Gibberellin 20 Oxidase-1 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH GA 20-oxidase 1 is a key enzyme involved in gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. GAs consist of a large family of tetracyclic diterpenoids and are associated with a number of plant growth and developmental processes such as seed germination, stem elongation, flowering and fruit development. Inactivation of gibberellin 20-oxidase decreases active gibberellin levels and creates the so-called semi-dwarf phenotype. Over-expression of the gene results in significantly longer plants.
bch-gene-scbd-103623-3 Globulin 1 Promotor Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-103624-3 Globulin 1 Terminator Terminator Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-115830-1 Globulin-1 promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-106343-1 Glucanase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Beta vulgaris - Common beet, Sugarbeet, BETMA Glucanases are enzymes that break down a glucan, a polysaccharide made of several glucose sub-units.
bch-gene-scbd-109371-1 Glucose 6 Phosphate Translocator coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU Responsible for the transport of Glc6P into plastids of heterotrophic tissues where it can be used as a carbon source for starch biosynthesis, as substrate for fatty acid biosynthesis or as substrate for NADPH generation via the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway.
bch-gene-scbd-110671-1 Glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate-translocator gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield),Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Pisum sativum - Garden pea, PEA The gpt gene from pea (Pisum sativum) codes for a plastid glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator, an antiporter whose main physiological function is to import glucose-6-phosphate, in exchange for inorganic phosphate, into the plastids of heterotrophic tissue.
bch-gene-scbd-116036-1 Glutamate dehydrogenase mitochondrial transit peptide Transit signal Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato, SOLLC
bch-gene-scbd-107881-1 Glutamine synthetase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate) Pinus sylvestris - Scotch pine, Scots pine, PINSY Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyses the incorporation of ammonium to glutamate for glutamine biosynthesis, the first step in inorganic nitrogen incorporation into amino acids. In higher plants, GS is responsible for the assimilation of ammonium coming from the soil, nitrogen fixation or nitrate reduction (primary sources). In addition, GS has a function in the reassimilation of ammonium released during several metabolic processes (secondary sources), including protein and amino acid catabolism, photorespiration and the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids.
bch-gene-scbd-104869-2 Glutathione S-transferase gene promoter Promoter Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-103765-2 Glutelin gene promoter Promoter Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-112995-1 Glutelin gene promoter Promoter Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-103766-1 Glutelin signal peptide Transit signal Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-103767-1 Glutelin terminator Terminator Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-110854-2 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter Promoter Cochliobolus heterostrophus - Southern corn leaf blight fungus
bch-gene-scbd-108046-4 Glycine Oxidase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) Bacillus subtilis - Bacillus, BACIU This enzyme is a homotetramer with a monomer molecular mass of 42 kDa. ThiO is required for the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamin pyrophosphate.
bch-gene-scbd-111061-1 Glycinin gene promoter Promoter Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-111060-1 Glycinin gene terminator Terminator Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-105174-2 Glycoprotein B gene Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 - ILTV Glycoprotein B is an envelope glycoprotein that forms spikes at the surface of the virion envelope. It is essential for the fusion of viral and cellular membranes leading to virus entry into the host cell. Membrane fusion is mediated by the fusion machinery composed at least of gB and the heterodimer gH/gL
bch-gene-scbd-103640-1 Glycoprotein B promoter Promoter Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 -
bch-gene-scbd-114983-1 Glycoprotein D Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 - ILTV Glycoprotein D is likely involved in viral entry into the cell.
bch-gene-scbd-263129-1 Glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha-1,3 Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Allergens, Carbohydrates) Sus scrofa domesticus - Domestic pig, Hog, Swine, PIG Glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha-1,3 is the enzyme responsible for the production of galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, which is found on the cell surfaces of all mammals (except humans and certain non-human primates). The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a galactose residue, with an alpha-1,3 linkage, on terminal lactosaminide disaccharide borne by a glycoprotein or a glycolipid. It has a preference for glycosylating proteins, can synthesize galactose-alpha(1,3)-galactose on glycoproteins but cannot synthesize the glycolipid called isogloboside 3.
bch-gene-scbd-115613-1 Glycoprotein Gc Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Antibodies and antigens, Vaccines) Rift Valley fever phlebovirus - RVFV Rift Valley Fever Virus glycoproteins Gn and Gc are the major structural antigens found on the virion particle. Together the two proteins are present as heterodimers and form the icosahedral shell of the virion. In vitro Gn and Gc form virus-like particles and can induce immunity in animals. Baculovirus expression systems expressing only Gc results in highly pleiomorphic virus-like particles. Thus, for homogeneous virus particle surfaces, heterodimer expression (Gn) is required.
bch-gene-scbd-115612-2 Glycoprotein Gn Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Antibodies and antigens, Vaccines) Rift Valley fever phlebovirus - RVFV Rift Valley Fever Virus glycoproteins Gn and Gc are the major structural antigens found on the virion particle. Together the two proteins are present as heterodimers and form the icosahedral shell of the virion. In vitro Gn and Gc form virus-like particles and can induce immunity in animals. Baculovirus expression systems have demonstrated that Gn is required for the expression of homogeneous virion particle surfaces.
bch-gene-scbd-114984-1 Glycoprotein I Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 - ILTV Glycoprotein I is likely involved in viral cell-to-cell spread.
bch-gene-scbd-14998-4 Glyphosate oxidoreductase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) Ochrobactrum anthropi - OCHAN The gox gene produces glyphosate oxidase (GOX) – an enzyme that accelerates the normal breakdown of the herbicide glyphosate into two non-toxic compounds, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyoxylate.
bch-gene-scbd-48363-4 Glyphosate-N-Acteyltransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) Bacillus licheniformis - BACLI Glyphosate-N-acetyltransferase expression in genetically modified plants may lead to detoxification of the glyphosate agent. This is brought about by the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl CoA to the secondary amine group of glyphosate. The resulting N-acetylglyphosate does not have the ability to inhibit the activity of the EPSPS enzyme, and the genetically modified plants are able to grow despite glyphosate treatment.
bch-gene-scbd-115789-1 gos2 promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-258894-1 GOS2 terminator Terminator Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-114674-3 Granule Bound Starch Synthase 1 Promoter Promoter Manihot esculenta - Cassava, Brazilian arrowroot, Yuca, Manioc, Mandioca, MANES
bch-gene-scbd-14997-6 Granule bound starch synthase gene promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-115566-1 Granule bound starch synthase spacer Spacer Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-48072-3 Granule-bound starch synthase gene Protein coding sequence | altered carbohydrate composition: increased amylopectin content Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU The granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in the amyloplasts of potato tubers. Inhibition of GBSS leads to the accumulation of amylopectin in the starch fraction.
bch-gene-scbd-111969-1 Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor gene Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Homo sapiens - HUMAN Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), is a glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, NK cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine.
bch-gene-scbd-45846-4 Green Fluorescent Protein gene Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Aequorea victoria - Crystal Jellyfish, Water Jellyfish, AEQVI The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range
bch-gene-scbd-104723-2 Growth Hormone gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate) Oncorhynchus tshawytscha - Chinook Salmon, King Salmon, ONCTS The expression of growth hormone alters aggregate metabolic activity in several ways: lipid breakdown and mobilization are increased, and energy is deployed more readily for maintenance or growth; protein synthesis is increased, providing the raw material for additional body mass; mineral uptake is increased, promoting skeletal development and a longer, leaner morphology; and, feeding efficiency (i.e., feed conversion ratio) is improved.
bch-gene-scbd-109220-1 GTP cyclohydrolase I coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Vitamins) Escherichia coli - ECOLX GTP cyclohydrolase I, an enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction in the pathway for the biosynthesis of the pteridine portion of folic acid
bch-gene-scbd-104689-2 H6 gene 3'UTR Terminator Gossypium barbadense - Sea-island cotton, Egyptian cotton, GOSBA
bch-gene-scbd-103890-2 H6 Gene Promoter Promoter Vaccinia virus - Poxvirus, Smallpox vaccine, VACV, VV, Vaccinia
bch-gene-scbd-108047-2 Harpin protein coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests Pectobacterium carotovorum - PECCA hrpN encodes a harpin protein, which elicits the hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance in plants.
bch-gene-scbd-111521-1 HB17 transcription factor gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH The HB17 protein is a homodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) protein which is part of a family of plant transcription factors. These are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate gene expression and have been shown to play an important role in the modulation of plant growth and development. HB17 is a member of the class II subfamily of HD-Zip proteins which form either homodimers or heterodimers with other HD-Zip II proteins and function as repressors of gene expression.
bch-gene-scbd-263046-1 Heat shock protein 16.9 terminator Terminator Coix lacryma-jobi - Job's tears, Adlay millet
bch-gene-scbd-100356-6 Heat shock protein 17.3 terminator Terminator Triticum aestivum - Wheat
bch-gene-scbd-263134-2 Heat shock protein 18.2 terminator Terminator Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-114158-2 Heat shock protein 81-2 promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-111062-1 Heat-labile enterotoxin, B subunit gene Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Escherichia coli - ECOLX Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) is a hetero-oligomeric AB 5 type enterotoxin composed of a 27 kDa A subunit with toxic ADP ribosyl transferase activity and a stable noncovalent-linked pentamer of 11.6 kDa B subunits. The B subunit pentamer mediates holotoxin binding to ganglioside GM1 on intestinal epithelial cells, with lower affinity for GD1B, asialoGM1 and lactosylceramide gangliosides.
bch-gene-scbd-101873-3 Heatshock protein 80 gene promoter Promoter Brassica oleracea - Wild cabbage, Crucifers, BRAOL
bch-gene-scbd-45883-4 Hemagglutinin gene Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Influenza A virus - Influenza, Flu, Avian flu, Human flu, Swine influenza, Equine influenza, Bird flu Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), a homotrimer of subunits with two polypeptide chains, HA, and HA2, mediates binding of the virus to sialic acid-containing cell-surface receptors, initiating endocytosis, and the subsequent fusion of the viral and endosomal membranes by an acid-induced conformational change. A domain formed by the HA, chain contains the receptor-binding site and a significant proportion of the antigenic epitopes. The HA2 chain anchors HA in the viral membrane and contains the fusion peptide, a stretch of negatively charged and hydrophobic residues beginning at the N-terminus that interacts with target. HA, a major influenza surface glycoprotein, is translated as a single protein, HA0. For viral activation, HA0 (assembled as trimers) must be cleaved by a trypsin-like serine endoprotease at a specific site, normally coded for by a single basic amino acid (usually arginine) between the HA1 and HA2 domains of the protein. After cleavage, the two disulfide-bonded protein domains produce the mature form of the protein subunits as a prerequisite for the conformational change necessary for fusion and hence viral infectivity.
bch-gene-scbd-108907-1 Hevien gene promoter Promoter Hevea brasiliensis - Rubber tree, Para rubber tree, SiringaTree, Jebe, HEVBR
bch-gene-scbd-103022-3 Hexahistidine tag Protein coding sequence | Protein purification - The histidine affinity tag consists of 6 histidine amino acid residues located at the N- or C- terminus of recombinant protein. Purification of the recombination protein involves the use of immobilized metal affinity chromatography, which takes advantage of the high affinity of the hexahistidine residues for transition metal ions (e.g Ni2+ (most common), Zn2+, Cu2+ or Co2+).  Other proteins present in the lysate or solution are unlikely to bind to the immobilized metal ions, thus allowing for the isolation of  the recombinant protein. To release the recombinant protein from the resin containing the immobilized metal ions, the pH is lowered or a strong chelating agent (e.g. imidazole or EDTA) is used. Compared to other purification tags, histidine tags are small, have low toxicity and low levels of immunogenicity.
bch-gene-scbd-114678-1 Hexokinase-2 Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast, YEASX Hexokinases catalyze the phosphorylation of D-hexose using ATP to form D-hexose 6-phosphate and ADP. HXK2 is involved in glucose-6-phosphate biosynthesis, fructose catabolism, and mannose degradation.
bch-gene-scbd-102884-2 High molecular weight glutenin subunit 1Ax1 gene promoter Promoter Triticum aestivum - Wheat
bch-gene-scbd-258936-1 Histone gene H2B promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-104648-2 Histone H3 Gene II intron 1 Intron Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-104646-4 Histone H4 gene 3' UTR Terminator Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-104647-3 Histone H4 gene Promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-112017-2 Homeodomain-leucine zipper 4 gene Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress (Drought, Salinity) Helianthus annuus - Sunflower, HELAN HAHB4 is a member of the Helianthus annuus (sunflower) subfamily I of HD-Zip proteins that has been previously shown to be transcriptionally regulated by the availability of water and by abscisic acid.
bch-gene-scbd-112018-1 Homeodomain-leucine zipper 4 promoter Promoter Helianthus annuus - Sunflower, HELAN
bch-gene-scbd-103738-1 Homologues of Cladosporium fulvum Resistance genes of the Vf region Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Malus domestica - Apple, MALDO The genes encode for resistance against Venturia inaequalis (apple scab). The gene product consists an extracellular receptor protein of a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) class with a transmembrane (TM) region acting as a membrane anchor. The role of the predicted protein has yet to be demonstrated however by analogy to the tomato Cf gene it is likely that the HcrVf2 in an extracellular receptor involved in pathogen recognition.
bch-gene-scbd-108896-1 Hor3-1 gene promoter Promoter Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU
bch-gene-scbd-108897-1 Hor3-1 transit peptide Transit signal Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU
bch-gene-scbd-101595-2 Hordein B1 promoter Promoter Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU
bch-gene-scbd-101596-4 Hordein B1 terminator Terminator Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU
bch-gene-scbd-105017-2 hr5 Transcriptional Enhancer Promoter Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus - AcMNPV
bch-gene-scbd-103901-2 HSP 70 5' untranslated leader sequence Leader Petunia hybrida - Petunia, PETHY
bch-gene-scbd-103922-2 HSP17.9 Leader Sequence Leader Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-100359-7 Hsp70 intron Intron Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-103762-2 HSP70 minimal promoter Promoter Drosophila melanogaster - Common Fruit Fly
bch-gene-scbd-103749-1 Human Cytomegalovirus promoter Promoter Human betaherpesvirus 5 - Human cytomegalovirus, HCMV, HHV-5
bch-gene-scbd-104312-3 Human Metallothionenine 1A Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications (Bioremediation) Homo sapiens - HUMAN Metallothionein has been implicated in a number of functions, including toxic metal detoxification, as a metal chaperone and in metal ion homeostasis.
bch-gene-scbd-115581-2 Human polymerase 1 promoter Promoter Homo sapiens - HUMAN
bch-gene-scbd-115614-1 Human tissue plasminogen activator leader sequence Leader Sequence Homo sapiens - HUMAN
bch-gene-scbd-265291-1 Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein 5' untranslated region Enhancer Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-14991-8 Hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to antibiotics (Hygromycin),Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Escherichia coli - ECOLX The hygromycin B phosphotransferase encoded by the hpt gene specifically inactivates the antibiotic hygromycin by phosphorylation.
bch-gene-scbd-100292-5 Hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to antibiotics (Hygromycin) Streptomyces hygroscopicus - STRHY The hygromycin B phosphotransferase encoded by the hph gene specifically inactivates the antibiotic hygromycin by phosphorylation.
bch-gene-scbd-113355-1 Hypersensitive response assisting protein gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests Capsicum annuum - Bell pepper, Sweet pepper, Chili pepper, CAPAN Hypersensitive response-assisting protein (HRAP) has been previously reported as an amphipathic plant protein isolated from sweet pepper that intensifies the harpin(Pss)-mediated hypersensitive cell death.
bch-gene-scbd-258886-1 Hypothetical protein 3' untranslated region Terminator Medicago truncatula - Barrelclover, Strong-spined medick, Barrel medic, Barrel medick, MEDTR
bch-gene-scbd-116156-2 I3L promoter Promoter Vaccinia virus - Poxvirus, Smallpox vaccine, VACV, VV, Vaccinia
bch-gene-scbd-111877-2 Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase gene Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast, YEASX The enzyme imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase (IGPD) catalyses the conversion of imidazoleglycerol-phosphate to imidazoleacetol-phosphate which is a critical step in the histidine biosynthesis pathway. It is used in research as a bacterial selection marker, whereby mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts.
bch-gene-scbd-111876-2 Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase promoter Promoter Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast, YEASX
bch-gene-scbd-111878-2 Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase terminator Terminator Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast, YEASX
bch-gene-scbd-105018-2 Immediate-early-1 gene promoter Promoter Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus - AcMNPV
bch-gene-scbd-105058-3 In2-1 Terminator Terminator Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-111591-1 Inorganic phosphate transporter 2 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production,Changes in quality and/or metabolite content Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU The root-specific phosphate transporter 2 is involved in the uptake of phosphate from the soil.
bch-gene-scbd-111605-1 Inorganic pyrophosphatase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Escherichia coli - ECOLX The inorganic pyrophosphatase catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) into two phosphate ions.
bch-gene-scbd-116057-2 Insecticidal protein ipd072Aa Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles), Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera)) Pseudomonas chlororaphis - PSECL Pseudomonas chlororaphis IPD072Aa demonstrates selective insecticidal activity against coleoptera species, such as Diabrotica virgifera , while not effecting lepidopteran and hemipteran species. The protein acts by disrupting of the midgut epithelium by causing cells to swell and burst. The mechanism has yet to be elucidated, but it may not be through pore formation. IPD072Aa is 86 amino acids in length and has a molecular weight of approximately 10 kDa.
bch-gene-scbd-260899-1 Insecticidal protein IPD079Ea Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles), Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera)) Ophioderma pendulum - Old World adder's-tongue, Daun rambu, OPHPE The IPD079Ea protein displays an insecticidal action against Western corn rootworm, as well as against insects from the Chrysomelidae and Coccinellidae families. It is not expected to cause mortality in Lepidoptera or other non-Coleoptera insects. The protein has a pore-forming mode-of-action (similar to Bt toxins), but likely targets a different receptor in the insect's midgut.
bch-gene-scbd-108266-1 Interferon alpha coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests Gallus gallus - Chicken, CHICK Interferons (IFNs) are a group of polypeptides that are secreted from most all eukaryotic cells in response to external signals. They are classified into three groups, designated type I, type II and type III. Type I IFN (α and β), are expressed rapidly after viral infection, and represent a first line of defence initiated by the innate immune response.
bch-gene-scbd-113226-1 Internal Ribosome Entry Sequence Promoter Cardiovirus A - Cardiovirus A, EMCV
bch-gene-scbd-260487-4 Intron-encoded endonuclease Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Reproduction, Male sterility),Engineered gene drive application (Population suppression) Physarum polycephalum - Plasmodial slime molds, Slime mold, PHYPO See below
bch-gene-scbd-260317-1 Inverted terminal repeats Inverted terminal repeats Adeno-associated dependoparvovirus A - Adeno-associated virus 2
bch-gene-scbd-115112-1 Iron-regulated transporter 1 Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content,Increased levels of iron Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH The Arabidopsis thaliana IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1) is a high-affinity iron (ferrous ion - Fe2+) transporter, essential for the uptake of iron from the soil into the root epidermal layer. The protein belongs to the Zrt/Irt-like protein (ZIP) family of transporters and is involved in cellular metal homeostasis. IRT1 also mediates the uptake of divalent metal ions, including heavy metals, under iron-deficient conditions. The availability of secondary metal ions (e.g. Zn, Co, Mn) control the intracellular location of the protein. Previous overexpression experiments demonstrated increased levels of iron in transgenic rice and cassava. Loss-of-function mutations lead to lethal chlorotic phenotype.
bch-gene-scbd-103023-2 KDEL ER retention signal Transit signal -
bch-gene-scbd-103757-1 kilA gene Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Enterobacter aerogenes - Enterobacter This gene, along with telAB, confers resistance to the chemical compound potassium tellurite (K2TeO3). The use of this gene as marker was developed to suit strains that were aimed to be released in field trials, where it is not desirable to use antibiotic resistance genes as marker tools for tracking the bacteria. Makes selective plating on potassium tellurite possible.
bch-gene-scbd-47790-4 Killer Protein 4 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Ustilago maydis virus H1 - KP4 specifically inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels inhibiting cell growth and division by blocking calcium import. The KP4 gene is derived from the genome of a double-stranded RNA virus (Ustilago Maydis Virus 4, UmV4, Totiviridae, Totivirus, 00.075.0.01), which is present in the tissue of certain fungal strains of corn smut (Ustilago maydis). Expression of the KP4 gene leads to the production of the KP4 (killer protein 4). In Ustilago maydis cells KP4 leads to a reversible inhibition of hyphal growth, but does not kill off competing strains. It is expected that plants expressing the KP4 protein are less susceptible to damage caused by the phytopathogenic fungi Ustilago spec.
bch-gene-scbd-103893-1 Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene promoter Promoter Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-103894-1 Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene terminator Terminator Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-111315-1 L700 promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-111905-1 Lac operator region Binding site Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-111879-2 Lac operon promoter Promoter Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-111880-2 Lac operon repressor gene Protein coding sequence Escherichia coli - ECOLX The lactose operon repressor is a DNA binding protein that functions to regulate the expression of the Lac operon. In the absence of lactose it inhibits the expression of the genes lacZ-lacY-lacA which code for the lactose-degrading enzymes of the operon by binding to the operator region of the Lac operon, thus hindering RNA polymerase from binding to the Lac promoter. The repressor is inactivated by lactose which binds to the repressor. This causes a confomational change that prevents it from binding to the operator region.
bch-gene-scbd-258850-1 lacUV5 promoter Promoter Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-115762-1 Leader sequence Leader sequence Tobacco etch virus - TEV
bch-gene-scbd-103025-2 LeB4 Signal peptide Transit signal Vicia faba - Broad Bean, Tick Bean, Windsor Bean, Horse Bean, Pigeon Bean, Field Bean
bch-gene-scbd-114989-2 Lectin terminator Terminator Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-110675-1 Leghaemoglobin gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production,Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Lotus japonicus - Birdsfoot trefoil, LOTJA Leghaemoglobin is a nitrogen or oxygen carrier, because naturally occurring oxygen and nitrogen interact similarly with this protein; and a hemoprotein found in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules of leguminous plants. It is produced by legumes in response to the roots being colonized by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, termed rhizobia, as part of the symbiotic interaction between plant and bacterium: roots not colonized by Rhizobium do not synthesise leghaemoglobin. In L. japonicus, this protein is formed in the root nodules, where it ensures the supply of oxygen in the case of minimal partial pressure on free oxygen in tissues.
bch-gene-scbd-100266-3 Legumin B4 gene promoter Promoter Vicia faba - Broad Bean, Tick Bean, Windsor Bean, Horse Bean, Pigeon Bean, Field Bean
bch-gene-scbd-258935-1 Legumin-1 3' untranslated region Terminator Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-258933-1 legumin-1 promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-263667-1 Leucoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin promoter Promoter Phaseolus vulgaris - String bean, French bean, Kidney bean, Common Bean, PHAVU
bch-gene-scbd-263668-1 Leucoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin terminator Terminator Phaseolus vulgaris - String bean, French bean, Kidney bean, Common Bean, PHAVU
bch-gene-scbd-110932-1 Lichenase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Ruminiclostridium thermocellum - CLOTM The licB gene encodes lichenase (β-1,3:1,4-Dendoglucanase). Based on the properties of the lichenase reporter, this reporter may be useful for the monitoring of transgenes in agrocenoses.
bch-gene-scbd-110731-2 Light inducible tissue-specific LS1 gene Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU LS1 is a single-copy gene from potato, which displays a leaf/stem-specific and light-inducible pattern of expression. In vivo it is expressed in a leaf/stem specific manner and encodes a 10.8 kd protein associated with the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II.
bch-gene-scbd-111936-2 Light-inducible tissue-specific LS1 intron 2 Intron Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-112728-1 Linin gene promoter Promoter Linum usitatissimum - Flax, Flax, Linseed, LINUS
bch-gene-scbd-263056-1 Lipid transfer protein 1 leader Leader Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-263057-1 Lipid transfer protein 1 promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-105059-3 Lipid transfer protein 2 promoter Promoter Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU
bch-gene-scbd-258891-1 Lipid transfer protein-like terminator Terminator Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-48030-4 Lipoxygenase 3 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to chewing insects Solanum nigrum - Black nightshade, SOLNI The native S. nigrum gene LOX3 (S. nigrum lipoxygenase 3) codes for a jasmonic acid biosynthesis enzyme. Jasmonates are known plant signalling substances. They play an important role in development processes (maturation of pollen, fruit and seed) and also in plant reactions to biotic and abiotic stress factors, including the production of antibodies for the direct and indirect defence of plants against chewing insects. Constitutive reduction of the lipoxygenase 3 contents can influence one of the insect-induced plant defence cascades, it can alter the defence response of the plant to abiotic and other biotic stress factors, and it can affect the development processes of the plant in general.
bch-gene-scbd-115696-1 LL-37 peptide Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) Homo sapiens - HUMAN Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide is the only cathelicidin protein found in humans and is location on chromosome 3p21. The sequence contains 4 exons and is translated to hCAP18, a pre-pro-protein, containing signal peptide, a conserved pro-sequence (cathelin-like domain) and a C-terminal antimicrobial peptide, LL-37. The active LL-37 peptide is produced from proteolytic cleavage from hCAP18 and its primary structure is based on 37 amino acid residues (~ 18kDa), which form an amiphiphatic alpha-helix (secondary) structure. The LL-37 peptide functions in host response to infection. The peptide inhibits bacterial biofilm production and has antimicrobial (antibacterial, antiviral and fungicidal) functions. The LL-37 peptide has been demonstrated to bind to bacterial lipopolysaccharides, have pore forming capabilities, regulate inflammation via membrane-mediated receptors and act as a chemoattractant of immune cells. In addition to the antimicrobial effects, peptide inhibits tumour growth, induces mastocyte chemotaxis, functions in cellular apoptosis and positively affects the wound healing process by stimulating angiogenesis and epithelial recovery.
bch-gene-scbd-265289-1 LLDV promoter Promoter Lamium leaf distortion virus - Lamium leaf distortion-associated virus, LLDV
bch-gene-scbd-108705-1 LOC_Os04g11040.1 promoter Promoter Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-103619-2 Low Phytic Acid 1 Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content Sorghum bicolor - Sorghum Gene LPA1 reduces the synthesis of phytic acid which results in increased zinc and iron bio-availability.
bch-gene-scbd-103069-3 loxP recombination site recombination site Bacteriophage P1 - Phage P1
bch-gene-scbd-103755-1 Luciferase alpha and beta subunit fusion gene Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Vibrio harveyi - Vibrio, V. harveyi The luxA and luxB genes encoding the luciferase from Vibrio harveyi were fused by site-directed mutagenesis so that one polypeptide was encoded by the fused gene. The protein encodes a luciferase enzyme. This gene/protein is commonly used in biotechnology as reporters of gene expression.
bch-gene-scbd-100377-4 Luciferase alpha subunit Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Xenorhabdus luminescens - P. luminescens LuxA encodes a thermostable luciferase. This gene/protein is commonly used in biotechnology as reporters of gene expression.
bch-gene-scbd-100378-3 Luciferase beta subunit Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Xenorhabdus luminescens - P. luminescens LuxB encodes a thermostable luciferase. This gene/protein is commonly used in biotechnology as reporters of gene expression.
bch-gene-scbd-45874-3 luxCDABE genes Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Photorhabdus luminescens - Bacteria The luxCDABE operon of the bioluminescent bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens is commonly used as a transcriptional reporter to facilitate the quantification of gene expression. The lux genes essential for luminescence are arranged in a single operon, luxCDABE. luxCDE encode a fatty acid reductase complex involved in synthesis of the fatty aldehyde substrate for the luminescence reaction catalysed by the luciferase LuxAB subunits. Cells that express the cluster emit the 490-nm light spontaneously.
bch-gene-scbd-111935-2 Lycopene beta cyclase fragment Double-stranded RNA | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Ananas comosus - Pineapple, ANACO
bch-gene-scbd-105063-4 Lycopene beta cyclase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Vitamins) Narcissus pseudonarcissus - Wild daffodil, Lent lily, Daffodil, NARPS Catalyses the cyclisation of the lycopene carotenoid psi-end group into a carotenoid beta-end group in the final step of the synthesis of beta carotene
bch-gene-scbd-111937-2 Lycopene epsilon-cyclase fragment Double-stranded RNA | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Ananas comosus - Pineapple, ANACO .
bch-gene-scbd-108931-1 Lysozyme coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria) Homo sapiens - HUMAN Lysozymes are enzymes that damage bacterial cell walls by catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins. Lysozyme is abundant in a number of secretions, such as tears, saliva, human milk, and mucus. It is also present in cytoplasmic granules of the macrophages and the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).
bch-gene-scbd-112601-1 M27939 Intron Sequence Intron -
bch-gene-scbd-103773-1 mac-1 Promoter Promoter -
bch-gene-scbd-115790-1 MADS-box transcription factor zmm28 Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield) Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE MADS-box proteins contain a highly conserved DNA -binding domain at the N-terminus and function as transcription factors to regulate diverse processes, such as growth and development among others. The transcription factor can act as a homodimer or a heterodimer. The zmm28 gene encodes a MIKC-type MADS-box transcriptional factor where the MADS (M) domain is followed by Intervening (I), Keratin-like (K), and C-terminal domains and belongs to the AP1-FUl clade of MADS-box genes. Constitutive expression of zmm28 resulted in greater height, increased yield, increased photosynthesis in leaves (higher expression of C4 photosynthetic genes), increased nitrogen assimilation (through improved nitrogenase reductase activity) and modulation of phytohormone (gibberellin and auxin) signalling.
bch-gene-scbd-115609-1 Major immediate early promoter containing intron A Promoter Human betaherpesvirus 5 - Human cytomegalovirus, HCMV, HHV-5
bch-gene-scbd-48455-2 Major Spidroin I protein coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications Nephila clavipes - Golden silk orbweaver spider The MaSpI gene encodes for one of two spider silk proteins in the dragline core fibre of the golden silk orbweaver spider Nephila clavipes.
bch-gene-scbd-48456-2 Major Spidroin II protein coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications Nephila clavipes - Golden silk orbweaver spider The MaSpII gene encodes for one of two spider silk proteins in the dragline core fibre of the golden silk orbweaver spider Nephila clavipes.
bch-gene-scbd-115848-2 Malate dehydrogenase transit peptide Transit signal Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-115851-2 Male tissue specific siRNA target sequence SiRNA target sequence Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-258906-1 Male-sterile gene ms44 promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-258913-1 Male-sterile ms44 terminator Terminator Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-115695-2 Maltose binding protein affinity tag Protein coding sequence | Protein purification Escherichia coli - ECOLX The maltose binding protein (MBP) purification tag is an amino acid sequence attached proteins to allow for the purification and isolation of a recombinant using amylose resin-based chromatography. The methodology exploits the maltose binding capabilities of Escherichia coli gene malE (maltose/maltodextrin-binding periplasmic protein). During purification, the MBP tag binds to amylose resin while the other, non-tagged proteins are eluted. Next, malltose is added to release the MBP-tagged protein from the resin. The MPB tag improves solubility and reduces toxicity of the recombinant protein compared to other affinity tags. However, the MBP tag is larger than other affinity tags and can potentially be more allergenic.
bch-gene-scbd-101417-2 Mannopine Synthase Gene Promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-103774-1 Mannopine synthase gene terminator Terminator Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-101418-2 Mannopine synthase gene terminator Terminator Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-111324-1 Matrix processing peptidase transit peptide Transit signal Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-115574-1 Matrix protein 1 Protein coding sequence Influenza A virus - Influenza, Flu, Avian flu, Human flu, Swine influenza, Equine influenza, Bird flu Matrix protein 1 (M1) is essential for the viral structure and lifecycle. The protein associates in multimeric complexes to form the nucleocapsid, a rigid proteinous shell beneath the lipid membrane. M1 stabilizes the 3D structure of the envelope. The shape (filamentous or spherical) of the virion is also determined by M1. During genome packaging, M1 interacts with nuclear export protein to promote export from the nucleus and associates with nucleoprotein (NP) to cover nuclear localization sites. During budding, M1 is recruited to and multimerizes at the plasma membrane along with M2, HA, and NA at the site of a nascent virion. The protein assembly process proceeds until the bilayer bends and a new viral particle is formed and released. During viral entry, M1 disassociates from NP after acidification of the virion core due to the activation of matrix protein 2 and thus allows the nuclear localization of the viral genome.
bch-gene-scbd-115572-1 Matrix protein 2 Protein coding sequence Influenza A virus - Influenza, Flu, Avian flu, Human flu, Swine influenza, Equine influenza, Bird flu Matrix protein 2 forms a proton-selective channel that required for the release of the viral genome during entry. After binding receptors on the host cell surface, the virus enters the cell by endocytosis, which acidifies the endosome. The low pH causes an activation of the channels, which then allow the influx of protons into the viral particle. The acidity weakens the association of matrix protein 1 with the nucleoprotein, uncovering the nuclear localization sites, and facilitates viral uncoating. With the nuclear localization sites uncovered, the genome can migrate to the host nucleus. The M2 protein may also regulate and maintain the high pH in the lumen of the trans -Golgi network. For hemagglutinin (HA) proteins with polybasic cleavage sites, M2 activity could protect HA proteins from premature conformational changes in the trans -Golgi network
bch-gene-scbd-43634-3 mCry3A Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles), Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU mCry3A delta-endotoxin is a synthetic, maize optimized, modified cry3A (mcry3A) gene whose expression produces a mCry3A insect control protein that is a member of a class of proteins which occur naturally in the gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. Additional changes in this maize-optimized gene were made, such that the mCry3A protein has enhanced activity against the western corn rootworm and other related pests: (1) its N-terminus corresponds to methionine-48 of the native protein and (2) a cathepsin-G protease recognition site has been introduced, beginning at amino acid residue 155 of the native protein. This cathepsin-G recognition site has the sequence alanine-alanine-proline-phenylalanine, and has replaced the amino acids valine-155, serine-156, and serine-157 in the native protein. The consensus recognition site for cathepsin-G was determined to be alanine-alanine-proline-phenylalanine.
bch-gene-scbd-114157-2 mCry51Aa2 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The mutagenised Cry51Aa2 variant protein, originally derived from soil bacterium Bacillus thuringuensis EG2934, is a member of the crystal (Cry) family of proteins that confer enhanced insecticidal activity against hemipteran and thysanopteran pests. Cry proteins, such as MCry51Aa2m, act by selectively binding to specific sites in the insect midgut and form pores, which disrupt the flow of ions, allowing water to enter the cells, cause destruction of the midgut lining by cellular lysis, and eventual death.
bch-gene-scbd-110607-1 MdMYB10 transcription factor R6 promoter Promoter Malus domestica - Apple, MALDO
bch-gene-scbd-110608-1 MdMYB10 transcription factor terminator Terminator Malus domestica - Apple, MALDO
bch-gene-scbd-110605-2 MdMYB10 transcription factor Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin)) Malus domestica - Apple, MALDO The MdMYB10 gene from a red-fleshed apple coding for a transcription factor involved in regulating the biosynthesis of the anthocyanin cyanidin 3-galactoside.
bch-gene-scbd-103881-2 Metallothionein-like gene promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-110059-1 Metallothionein-like gene terminator Terminator Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-105411-1 MG 40k antigen gene Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Mycoplasma gallisepticum - MG, MYCGL The polypeptide produced from this coding sequence elicits an immune response in when administered to domestic chicken thereby resulting in immunity against chronic respiratory disease due to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection.
bch-gene-scbd-105360-1 mgc3 gene Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Mycoplasma gallisepticum - MG, MYCGL The protein MGC3, is a 120-kDa membrane protein and a homologue of 130-kDa protein encoded by the ORF6 gene, which is a part of P1 operon of M. pneumoniae. MGC3 protein encoded by the mgc3 gene may function as a cytoadherence-associated molecule because the M. pneumoniae 130-kDa protein has been implicated in the cellular adhesion process.
bch-gene-scbd-258912-1 microRNA backbone 396h 3' precursor sequence microRNA Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-258908-2 microRNA backbone 396h 5' precursor sequence microRNA Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-116049-1 Mini-stop codon sequence Terminator -
bch-gene-scbd-265284-1 MMV enhancer Enhancer Mirabilis mosaic virus - MMV
bch-gene-scbd-106264-1 Modified cecropin peptide coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria, Fungi) - Cecropins are antimicrobial peptides. Cecropins lyse bacterial cell membranes; they also inhibit proline uptake and cause leaky membranes. Cationic antimicrobial peptides which include cecropin also possess antiviral and fungicidal activity.
bch-gene-scbd-106333-1 Modified melittin peptide coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria, Fungi) - Melittin, a small protein containing 26 amino acid residues, is the principal toxic component of bee venom. It is water-soluble as a tetramer, but it spontaneously integrates into lipid bilayers and is thought to act as a cytolytic and channel-forming antimicrobial peptide.
bch-gene-scbd-263044-2 Mpp75Aa1.1 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles), Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi)) Brevibacillus laterosporus - BRELA Insecticidal protein Mpp75Aa1.1 is a member of the ETX_MTX family of beta-pore forming proteins with insecticidal activity against Coleoptera. The protein interacts with putative membrane-associated binding partners on the midgut apical microvilli. The protein has a similar mode of action to Cry proteins (from Bacillus thuringiensis), in which the protein is ingested and proteolytically activated, before binding a receptor and oligomerizing in the membrane to form a pore, resulting in cell death. The cellular damage results in death of the insect. The protein differs from Bt toxins as it forms beta-barrel pores instead of alpha-helical transmembrane pores. The protein consists: Domain I, receptor binding region; and Domain II and III, involved in pore formation.
bch-gene-scbd-258909-2 ms44 artificial microRNA microRNA Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-258911-1 Ms44 star sequence microRNA Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-105054-2 Ms45 gene terminator Terminator Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-105053-2 Ms45 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Reproduction, Male sterility) Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE Expression of the MS45 protein encoded by the Ms45 gene in the anther tapetum is required for the production of fertile male pollen by the maize plant. The Ms45 gene includes four exons with three introns that are removed by splicing.
bch-gene-scbd-101025-5 NADP-malic enzyme 1 gene 3'UTR and terminator Terminator Flaveria bidentis - Coastal plain yellowtops, FLABI
bch-gene-scbd-101521-6 Napin gene promoter Promoter Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-104354-1 Napin gene promoter Promoter Brassica rapa - Canola plant
bch-gene-scbd-110908-1 Napin gene terminator Terminator Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-104355-1 Napin gene terminator Terminator Brassica rapa - Canola plant
bch-gene-scbd-111595-1 Neomycin phosphotransferase II promoter Promoter Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-15001-5 Neomycin Phosphotransferase II Protein coding sequence | Resistance to antibiotics (Kanamycin) Escherichia coli - ECOLX The nptII (neo) gene codes for an enzyme that phosphorylates kanamycin and confers resistance to this antibiotic. Typically used as a marker gene.
bch-gene-scbd-115573-1 Neuraminidase Protein coding sequence Influenza A virus - Influenza, Flu, Avian flu, Human flu, Swine influenza, Equine influenza, Bird flu Neuraminidase (NA) catalyzes the removal of terminal sialic acid residues from viral and cellular glycoconjugates. The enzyme facilitates viral release during viral budding by cleaving terminal sialic acids on glycosylated hemagglutinin and prevent self-aggregation. NA may additionally facilitate the cell-to-cell spread of the virus by removing sialic acid residues from cell surfaces. Cleavage of sialic acid residues may also facilitate viral movement through mucus. NA plays a role in determining host range, replication and virulence.
bch-gene-scbd-115122-1 NGAL2 transcription factor Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield) Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE NGAL2 is a transcription factor that has been shown to negatively affect the expression of the PLA1 gene. The PLA1 gene codes for a cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase enzyme that is involved in the production of factors that control cell proliferation. By knocking out this gene the levels of PLA1 may go up resulting in altered growth characteristics, which are phenotypically shown by resulting in a significant larger leaf size and increased biomass. In Arabidopsis thaliana knockout experiments, plants developed larger seeds.
bch-gene-scbd-115567-3 Nonstructural protein 1 Protein coding sequence Influenza A virus - Influenza, Flu, Avian flu, Human flu, Swine influenza, Equine influenza, Bird flu
bch-gene-scbd-114715-1 Nonstructural protein 1 Protein coding sequence Yellow fever virus - YFV 17D Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) plays an essential role in immune evasion, pathogenesis, and viral replication. NS1 is required for the formation of the replication complex and recruitment of other nonstructural proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. NS1 also travels to the plasma membrane, where it is excrete as a lipoparticle and binds to macrophages and dendritic cells. NS1 inhibits Toll-like receptor 3 signal transduction.
bch-gene-scbd-114716-1 Nonstructural protein 2A Protein coding sequence Yellow fever virus - YFV 17D Nonstructural protein 2A (NS2A) is part of the replication complex that functions in virion assembly and inhibits interferon induction.
bch-gene-scbd-114717-1 Nonstructural protein 2B Protein coding sequence Yellow fever virus - YFV 17D Nonstructural protein 2B is an essential cofactor for the serine protease function of nonstructural protein 3.
bch-gene-scbd-114721-2 Nonstructural protein 3 Protein coding sequence Yellow fever virus - YFV 17D Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) has three enzymatic functions: serine protease, NTPase, and RNA helicase. NS3, along with cofactor nonstructural protein 2B, catalyzes its own autocleavage and cleaves the viral polyprotein. NS3 also functions in viral genome replication as an RNA helicase, unwinding dsRNA in the 3' to 5' direction. Likely, NS3 is involved in viral assembly, potentially interacting with other nonstructural proteins, such as nonstructural protein 2A.
bch-gene-scbd-114722-1 Nonstructural protein 4A Protein coding sequence Yellow fever virus - YFV 17D Nonstructural protein 4A (NS4A) regulates the ATPase activity of nonstructural protein 3, allowing for energy conservation during unwinding.
bch-gene-scbd-114724-1 Nonstructural protein 4B Protein coding sequence Yellow fever virus - YFV 17D Nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) contributes to the formation of endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicles during viral replication. Along with peptide 2K, NS4 also prevents the interferon-induced host phosphorylation of STAT1 and nuclear translocation, thereby preventing an interferon-triggered host antiviral state.
bch-gene-scbd-114725-1 Nonstructural protein 5 Protein coding sequence Yellow fever virus - YFV 17D Nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) encodes a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase required for viral genome replication and capping of the 5' end of the viral genome. Additionally, NS5 also inhibits the interferon alpha/beta signalling pathway via the binding and inactivation of interferon-activated STAT2.
bch-gene-scbd-111966-2 Nopaline Synthase Enhancer Leader Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-100270-6 Nopaline Synthase Gene Promoter Promoter Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-100269-8 Nopaline Synthase Gene Terminator Terminator Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-15171-5 Nopaline Synthase Gene Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium Nopaline synthase is an enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of nopaline, an opine which is formed as the result of the condensation of the amino acid arginine and alpha-ketoglutaric acid. When wild-type A. tumefaciens infects a host plant, the opine synthase gene present on the T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid of the bacterium directs infected host cells to synthesize an opine, such as nopaline. The type of opine produced is specific to the particular strain of A. tumefaciens. Opines are metabolized as a source of carbon and nitrogen only by a bacterium possessing a Ti-plasmid and the gene specific for catabolism of the particular opine. This trait is introduced to permit the identification of transformed plant embryos.
bch-gene-scbd-110715-1 Npro coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Pestivirus A - BVDV-1 The NPro Product of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Inhibits DNA Binding by Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 and Targets It for Proteasomal Degradation
bch-gene-scbd-115575-2 Nuclear export protein Protein coding sequence Influenza A virus - Influenza, Flu, Avian flu, Human flu, Swine influenza, Equine influenza, Bird flu Nuclear export protein (NEP) mediates the nuclear export of viral genomic RNAs, acting as an adaptor between the ribonucleoproteins (RNP; genomic RNA and nucleoprotein) and the host export machinery. The C-terminus of the protein binds to matrix protein 1 (M1), stabilizing the M1-RNP interaction. NEP may stimulate viral cRNA synthesis through the action of viral small RNAs and may recruit host F1F0 ATPase during budding.
bch-gene-scbd-111452-1 Nuclear inclusion protein b gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses, Potato virus Y (PVY)) Potato virus Y - PVY The NIb replicase is a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the potato virus Y
bch-gene-scbd-115342-4 Nuclear localization signal Transit signal -
bch-gene-scbd-115571-1 Nucleoprotein Protein coding sequence Influenza A virus - Influenza, Flu, Avian flu, Human flu, Swine influenza, Equine influenza, Bird flu Nucleoprotein (NP) binds to the viral RNA genomic segments in a sequence-independent manner to form ribonucleoprotein complexes and protect the viral genome from degradation. The protein contains nuclear localization signals to allow for the import of the viral genome into the host nucleus. Due to its size, NP is not translocated into the nucleus. Although NP lacks enzymatic activity, it is also involved in transcription as an elongation factor for viral RNA polymerase and viral replication through recruitment to ribonucleoprotein complexes. Interactions with polymerase basic proteins 1 and 2 have been demonstrated. During later stages of infection, NP is involved in viral packaging. Matrix protein 1 (M1) may interact with NP to hide the nuclear localization signal and thus allow the formation of viral particles. Upon a new infection, M1 dissociates from NP due to the acidification of the viral particle caused by matrix protein 2 (proton channel).
bch-gene-scbd-114676-2 Nucleoside Triphosphate Translocator 1 Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield),Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH Arabidopsis thaliana Nucleoside Triphosphate Translocator 1 ( AtNTT1 ) is a plastidic ATP/ADP transporter. Plant NTTs supply ATP-dependent reactions in non-photosynthetic plastids. Since starch biosynthesis is driven by hexose phosphates and ATP, AtNTT1 supplies the amyloplasts with ATP and contributes to starch biosynthesis.
bch-gene-scbd-104673-2 Octopine Synthase Gene Leader Sequence Leader Sequence Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-100271-5 Octopine Synthase Gene Terminator Terminator Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-104820-3 Omega 5' untranslated leader Leader Tobacco mosaic virus - TMV
bch-gene-scbd-115643-1 Omega-3 desaturase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids),Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)) Phytophthora infestans - Phytophthora blight Omega-3 desaturase catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid (20:4) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) by creating a double bond at the third position from the methyl end of arachidonic acid. Research has indicated that this enzyme converts 31% of arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid and has greater activity on C20 and C22 fatty acid substrates than on C18 substrates.
bch-gene-scbd-115640-2 Omega-3 desaturase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids),Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)) Pythium irregulare - Omega-3 desaturase catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid (20:4) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) by creating a double bond at the third position from the methyl end of arachidonic acid.
bch-gene-scbd-115046-3 omega-6-desaturase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN Omega-6 fatty acid desaturase is involved in the biosynthesis of linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acids. It catalyzes the formation of a second double bond in the hydrocarbon chain of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic (18:1) acid to produce the polyunsaturated fatty acid linoeic (18:2) acid.
bch-gene-scbd-263058-1 Open reading frame 6 enhancer Enhancer Dahlia mosaic virus - DMV, 9VIRU, DaMV
bch-gene-scbd-103841-2 OpIE2 Promoter Promoter Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus - OpMNPV
bch-gene-scbd-101419-4 Optimized Transit Peptide Transit signal -
bch-gene-scbd-104807-2 ORF1 3' Untranslated region Terminator Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-104806-3 ORF23 3' Untranslated region Terminator Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-100363-5 ORF25 PolyA Terminator sequence Terminator Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-114677-2 Outer envelope protein 7 5' untranslated region Transit signal Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-115756-1 Oxalate oxidase Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Triticum aestivum - Wheat The protein oxalate oxidase catalyzes the following reaction: (COOH)2 + O2 = 2 CO2 + H2O2 Oxalate oxidase may have various roles in the cell. Since plants store calcium ions as calcium oxalate, oxalate oxidase may allow plants to access calcium ions during periods of stress or senescence. Influxes of calcium ions may also help sustain the oxidative burst of hydrogen peroxide related to the hypersensitive response and lignification. The hydrogen peroxide produced from this reaction could also be involved in strengthening the cell wall and is toxic to microorganisms. The overexpression of the protein may also promote salicylic acid synthesis and induction of signaling cascades involved in plant defense. Transgenic applications of the protein confer tolerance to fungal pathogens reliant on oxalic acid secretion. The enzyme also appears to be involved during wheat embryo development as the protein is glycosylated to the cell wall to provide hydrogen peroxide for cross-linking reactions during cell wall expansion and lignification.
bch-gene-scbd-101408-4 P-tac promoter Promoter -
bch-gene-scbd-259117-1 P10 terminator Terminator Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus - AcMNPV
bch-gene-scbd-100380-2 P45 Lactococcal promoter Promoter Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis - Streptococcus, Strep
bch-gene-scbd-111971-1 P7.5 early/late promoter Promoter Vaccinia virus - Poxvirus, Smallpox vaccine, VACV, VV, Vaccinia
bch-gene-scbd-105595-1 Pal2 gene Promoter Promoter Phaseolus vulgaris - String bean, French bean, Kidney bean, Common Bean, PHAVU
bch-gene-scbd-104682-2 Palmitoyl acyl carrier protein thioesterase 5'UTR Leader Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-112727-1 Palmitoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein thioesterase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) Carthamus tinctorius - Safflower, CARTI Acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases play an essential role in chain termination during de novo fatty acid synthesis and in the channeling of carbon flux during plant lipid biosynthesis.
bch-gene-scbd-115137-1 Patatin-1 3' untranslated region Terminator Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-111592-1 Pathogen-defence gene promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-108910-1 Pathogenesis-related protein 1a signal peptide Transit signal Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-108712-1 Pathogenesis-related protein 1S gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests Solanum nigrum - Black nightshade, SOLNI PR proteins are proteins encoded by the host plant which are specifically formed in response to pathogen attacks or comparable stress factors. Based on their primary amino acid structure, their serological relation and/or their enzymatic or biological activities, PR proteins are classified into 14 groups. PR proteins do not only accumulate in the leaf inoculated by the pathogen. In connection with what is referred to as systemic acquired resistance (SAR), the formation of PR proteins is also induced systemically. As a consequence of SAR, the plants are largely or fully protected against later infections with the same or even another pathogen.
bch-gene-scbd-259199-1 Pathogenesis-related protein R transit peptide Transit signal Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-260880-1 PCOa promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-104662-3 PCSV Promoter Promoter Peanut chlorotic streak virus - PCSV, PClSV
bch-gene-scbd-111571-1 Pectate lyase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production Lilium longiflorum - Easter lily, Trumpet lily, LILLO Pectate lyase is responsible for the eliminative cleavage of pectate, yielding oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-α-D-mann-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. In dong so, this leads to the destabilization of plant cell walls.
bch-gene-scbd-101930-3 PEMV coat protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses, Mosaic virus) Pea enation mosaic virus 1 - PEMV-1 The cp gene from PEMV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Pea enation mosaic virus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PEMV.
bch-gene-scbd-114723-1 Peptide 2K Protein coding sequence Yellow fever virus - YFV 17D Peptide 2K acts as a signal protein for nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) and contributes the interferon antagonist activity of NS4B.
bch-gene-scbd-104813-4 Per5 3' Untranslated Region Terminator Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-106344-1 Peroxidase coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Picea abies - Norway spruce, PICAB Peroxidases are a large family of enzymes that typically catalyze the oxidation of various compounds using naturally occurring peroxides, especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are reduced, forming water.
bch-gene-scbd-100368-6 Peroxidase gene promoter Promoter Triticum aestivum - Wheat
bch-gene-scbd-115630-1 Peroxiredoxin-like protein promoter Promoter Linum usitatissimum - Flax, Flax, Linseed, LINUS
bch-gene-scbd-115634-1 Peroxiredoxin-like protein terminator Terminator Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-104364-1 Phaseolin 3' Terminator Terminator Phaseolus vulgaris - String bean, French bean, Kidney bean, Common Bean, PHAVU
bch-gene-scbd-259197-1 Phaseolin promoter Promoter Phaseolus vulgaris - String bean, French bean, Kidney bean, Common Bean, PHAVU
bch-gene-scbd-115113-1 Phloem protein 2-A14 3' untranslated region Terminator Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-115111-1 Phloem protein 2-A14 promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-110061-1 Phosphate transporter gene terminator Terminator Medicago truncatula - Barrelclover, Strong-spined medick, Barrel medic, Barrel medick, MEDTR
bch-gene-scbd-14972-12 Phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glufosinate) Streptomyces hygroscopicus - STRHY The glufosinate ammonium tolerance gene ( bar gene), derived from the common soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus , codes for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) and leads to increased tolerance to herbicides containing glufosinate ammonium, such as Basta®, Rely®, Finale®, and Liberty®. Glufosinate chemically resembles the amino acid glutamate and acts to inhibit an enzyme called glutamine synthetase, which is involved in the synthesis of glutamine. Essentially, glufosinate blocks the activity of glutamine synthetase by mimicking the enzyme's substrate glutamate which is used to produce glutamine. Glutamine synthetase is also involved in ammonia detoxification. The action of glufosinate results in reduced glutamine levels and a corresponding increase in concentrations of ammonia in plant tissues, leading to cell membrane disruption and cessation of photosynthesis resulting in plant withering and death. Phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) acts by catalyzing the acetylation of glufosinate (phosphinothricin) so that it no longer inhibits the enzyme glutamine synthase and, thus, eliminating its herbicidal activity.
bch-gene-scbd-15002-4 Phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glufosinate) Streptomyces viridochromogenes - STRVR The pat gene codes for the enzyme phosphinothricin-acetyltransferance (PAT) and leads to increased tolerance to glufosinate-containing herbicides.
bch-gene-scbd-101404-3 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase gene promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-259041-1 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase terminator Terminator Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-101406-4 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, intron 9 Intron Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-104350-1 Phosphofructokinase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Lactobacillus bulgaricus - Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is involved in the glycolosis chain by catalysing the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
bch-gene-scbd-111088-1 Phosphoglucomutase gene, chloroplastic Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU Phosphoglucomutase catalyses the interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate, thereby influencing the availability of substrates for glycolosis or glycogenesis.
bch-gene-scbd-111087-1 Phosphoglucomutase gene, cytoplasmic Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU Phosphoglucomutase catalyses the interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate, thereby influencing the availability of substrates for glycolosis or glycogenesis.
bch-gene-scbd-15003-7 Phosphomannose Isomerase gene Protein coding sequence | Mannose tolerance,Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Escherichia coli - ECOLX Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) catalyzes the reversible interconversion of mannose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. Plant cells lacking this enzyme are incapable of surviving on synthetic medium containing mannose as a carbon source.
bch-gene-scbd-106426-1 Phosphorylase-L gene promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-105183-2 Phosphoserine aminotransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) Salmonella typhimurium - SALTM Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate to phosphoserine and of 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate to phosphohydroxythreonine.
bch-gene-scbd-102616-2 Photosystem II 44 kDa protein (psbC) terminator Terminator Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-109067-1 Photosystem II protein D1 gene promoter Promoter Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-15378-5 phyA gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content,Phytate degradation Aspergillus niger - The phy gene produces a fungal 3-phytase. This enzyme can be utilized to increase the breakdown of plant phytates which bind phosphorus. Phytate is the major storage form of phosphorus in many seeds and phytate-bound phosphorus is unavailable to monogastric animals. Since monogastric animals are not able to degrade this molecule, much of the phosphorus bound to phytate passes into the environment through the manure. Use of the enzyme and appropriate management techniques can lead to a reduction in the phosphorus content of manure, thus improving environmental conditions.
bch-gene-scbd-263094-1 Physical impedance induced protein enhancer Enhancer Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-115828-1 Phytase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content,Improved digestibility/digestion,Increased phosphorous bioavailability Escherichia coli - ECOLX Phytases catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from phytate (phytic acid). The enzyme promotes the hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond, producing inositol and phosphate.
bch-gene-scbd-114966-2 Phytochome A Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate, Photoperiod response) Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides - Hybrid aspen PHYTOCHROME A is a regulatory photoreceptor responsible for response to red/far-red light. The protein has two forms: Pr (absorbs red light maximally) and Pfr (absorbs far-red light maximally). Photoconversion from Pr to Pfr induces morphological responses as Pfr controls the expression of gene such as: small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, and protochlorophyllide reductase. The protein is important in the de-etiolation of seedlings during emergence, preventing excessive elongation growth, sensing degree of shade, and perception of daylength. It has also been implicated in flowering time regulation and gene regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana .
bch-gene-scbd-114454-3 Phytochrome A Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate, Photoperiod response) Avena sativa - Oat, AVESA PHYTOCHROME A is a photoreceptor responsible for response to red/far-red light. The protein is important in the de-etiolation of seedlings during emergence, preventing excessive elongation growth, sensing degree of shade, and perception of daylength. It has also been implicated in flowering time regulation and gene regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana .
bch-gene-scbd-111073-1 Phytochrome B gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate, Photoperiod response, Yield),Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH PhyB is a regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum (660 nm) and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region (730 nm). Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenetic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes. It also controls the expression of its own gene by a negative feedback and is involved in the regulation of flowering time .
bch-gene-scbd-103621-3 Phytoene Desaturase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Vitamins) Erwinia uredovora - PANAN Catalyses four-step dehydrogenation reactions in the carotionoid synthesis pathway yielding lycopene.
bch-gene-scbd-103620-2 Phytoene Synthase 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Vitamins) Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE Phytoene synthase is a transferase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. It catalyzes the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to phytoene
bch-gene-scbd-111933-1 Phytoene synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Vitamins) Citrus unshiu - Satsuma mandarin, Satsuma orange, Tangerine, CITUN Phytoene Synthase is a transferase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. It catalyzes the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to phytoene.
bch-gene-scbd-105062-3 Phytoene Synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Vitamins) Narcissus pseudonarcissus - Wild daffodil, Lent lily, Daffodil, NARPS Phytoene Synthase is a transferase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. It catalyzes the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to phytoene.
bch-gene-scbd-103777-2 Phytophthora infestans Resistance gene 1 Promoter Promoter Solanum bulbocastaneum - Nightshade, Ornamental nightshade
bch-gene-scbd-109062-1 Phytophthora infestans Resistance gene 1 Promoter Promoter Solanum venturii - Wild Potato, SOLVN
bch-gene-scbd-103778-2 Phytophthora infestans Resistance gene 1 terminator Terminator Solanum bulbocastaneum - Nightshade, Ornamental nightshade
bch-gene-scbd-109063-1 Phytophthora infestans Resistance gene 1 terminator Terminator Solanum venturii - Wild Potato, SOLVN
bch-gene-scbd-41317-5 Phytophthora infestans Resistance gene 1 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Solanum bulbocastaneum - Nightshade, Ornamental nightshade The Resistance gene is a member of the NBS-LRR (Nucleotide Binding Site - Leucine Rich Repeat) class and codes for a protein that recognise specific proteins - termed elicitor proteins - of Phytophthora infestans the causing agent of late-blight disease. Recognition of the elicitor proteins will lead to local plant cell death and will thus prevent further development of the pathogen Phytophthora infestans. The precise molecular basis of R gene/single-gene and quantitative resistance to late blight is unknown.
bch-gene-scbd-102164-6 Phytophthora infestans Resistance gene 1 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Solanum stoloniferum - Wild potato The Resistance gene is a member of the NBS-LRR (Nucleotide Binding Site - Leucine Rich Repeat) class and codes for a protein that recognise specific proteins - termed elicitor proteins - of Phytophthora infestans the causing agent of late-blight disease. Recognition of the elicitor proteins will lead to local plant cell death and will thus prevent further development of the pathogen Phytophthora infestans. The precise molecular basis of R gene/single-gene and quantitative resistance to late blight is unknown.
bch-gene-scbd-102155-6 Phytophthora infestans Resistance gene 1 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Solanum venturii - Wild Potato, SOLVN The Resistance gene is a member of the NBS-LRR (Nucleotide Binding Site – Leucine Rich Repeat) class and codes for a protein that recognise specific proteins – termed elicitor proteins - of Phytophthora infestans the causing agent of late-blight disease. Recognition of the elicitor proteins will lead to local plant cell death and will thus prevent further development of the pathogen Phytophthora infestans. The precise molecular basis of R gene/single-gene and quantitative resistance to late blight is unknown.
bch-gene-scbd-103775-1 Phytophthora infestans Resistance gene 2 Promoter Promoter Solanum bulbocastaneum - Nightshade, Ornamental nightshade
bch-gene-scbd-103776-1 Phytophthora infestans Resistance gene 2 Terminator Terminator Solanum bulbocastaneum - Nightshade, Ornamental nightshade
bch-gene-scbd-41318-3 Phytophthora infestans Resistance gene 2 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Phytophthora infestans resistance) Solanum bulbocastaneum - Nightshade, Ornamental nightshade The Resistance gene is a member of the NBS-LRR (Nucleotide Binding Site - Leucine Rich Repeat) class and codes for a protein that recognise specific proteins - termed elicitor proteins - of Phytophthora infestans the causing agent of late-blight disease. Recognition of the elicitor proteins will lead to local plant cell death and will thus prevent further development of the pathogen Phytophthora infestans. The precise molecular basis of R gene/single-gene and quantitative resistance to late blight is unknown.
bch-gene-scbd-102165-7 Phytophthora infestans Resistance gene 3 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Solanum bulbocastaneum - Nightshade, Ornamental nightshade The Resistance gene is a member of the NBS-LRR (Nucleotide Binding Site - Leucine Rich Repeat) class and codes for a protein that recognise specific proteins - termed elicitor proteins - of Phytophthora infestans the causing agent of late-blight disease. Recognition of the elicitor proteins will lead to local plant cell death and will thus prevent further development of the pathogen Phytophthora infestans. The precise molecular basis of R gene/single-gene and quantitative resistance to late blight is unknown.
bch-gene-scbd-115246-2 piggyBac Transposon Trichoplusia ni - Cabbage looper, Cabbage looper moth, Cabbage plusia, Common cabbage looper, Lettuce looper
bch-gene-scbd-108876-1 pIIG gene promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-103650-1 PK Protein Kinase Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 - SHV-1 The mechanism by which PK affects virulence is unknown. Although purified PK can phosphorylate a major viral protein in vitro which is also phosphorylated in vivo, the physiological substrate and function of PK are unknown.
bch-gene-scbd-111316-1 Plasma membrane ATPase 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate, Yield) Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast, YEASX The plasma membrane ATPase of plants and fungi functions as a hydrogen ion pump. It generates a proton gradient which drives the active transport of nutrients through proton co-transport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses.
bch-gene-scbd-111317-1 Plasma membrane ATPase 2 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate, Yield) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU The plasma membrane ATPase of plants and fungi functions as a hydrogen ion pump. It generates a proton gradient which drives the active transport of nutrients through proton co-transport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses.
bch-gene-scbd-110674-1 Plastidic nucleotide transporter gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield),Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH The ntt gene from Arabidopsis thaliana codes for a plastidic nucleotide translocator. It catalyses the uptake of ATP into a plastid in exchange for ADP. Its main function is to supply non-green storage plastids with ATP, which is needed to facilitate starch synthesis.
bch-gene-scbd-107955-2 Plastochron 1 Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate, Reproduction, Yield),Tolerance to abiotic stress (Cold / Heat, Drought) Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE PLASTOCHRON1 is a cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase and functions as a gibberellin-independent control of cell division timing. In vitro CYP78A1 catalyzes the omega-hydroxylation of the fatty acid lauric acid. In particular, PLA1 controls leaf initiation and vegetative growth. Overexpression of PLA1 in Zea mays changed the architecture of the plant and produced dramatically larger leaves by increasing cell division duration. More localized, ectopic expression resulted in increased growth, stover biomass, and seed yield.
bch-gene-scbd-103751-1 PLRV Coat Protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses, Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV)) Potato leafroll virus - PLRV The coat protein (CP) of luteoviruses, such as PLRV, is reported  to be responsible for many viral characteristics including serological properties, transmission specificity, cross-protection and mutual exclusion.
bch-gene-scbd-104847-2 PLRV Replicase gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses, Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV)) Potato leafroll virus - PLRV The PLRVrep gene comprises of the two overlapping ORF1 and ORF2 sequence of the PLRV genome which together encode a full length 110kD PLRV replicase protein. The ORF1 gene encodes the putative viral replicase domain that is required for viral RNA synthesis. The ORF2 gene encodes the putative viral helicase domain that is required for viral RNA synthesis.
bch-gene-scbd-111872-2 pMB1 origin of replication Plasmid Vector Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-114439-4 pMB4 intervening sequence Cloning plasmid -
bch-gene-scbd-101412-3 pMc5-8 plasmid vector Plasmid vector -
bch-gene-scbd-116155-1 Pol polyprotein Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Human immunodeficiency virus 1 - HIV-1 HIV-1 gag-pol precursor (p160) contains the necessary proteins for viral replication; protease, RNase, reverse transcriptase, and integrase. Naturally, the Gag-pol precursor is generated from a ribosomal frameshift to the pol reading frame 5% of the time. During viral maturation, the virally encoded protease cleaves the Pol polypeptide away from Gag and further digests it to separate the protease (p10), reverse transcriptase (RT; p50), RNase H (p15), and integrase (p31). However, cleavage is not always efficient and a portion of RT may remain attached to RNase H. Gag-Pol may regulate its own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5' untranslated region. At low concentrations, the Gag-Pol polyprotein appears to promote translation, whereas at high concentrations, the polyprotein encapsidates genomic RNA, thus turning off translation. Protease (Pro) is an aspartyl protease that acts as a dimer. It cleaves viral polyproteins (Gag-Pol, Pol, etc) to yield mature viral proteins during maturation. Pro is most active between shortly before and shortly after budding. It targets host proteins EIF4GI and PABP1 involved in capped cellular mRNA translation to maximize viral gene expression. It also mediates the cleavage of CARD8, thus activating CARD8 inflammasome, leading to clearance of latent HIV-1 in CD4+ T-cells after viral reactivation. Reverse transcriptase (RT) is a DNA polymerase, which synthesizes double stranded DNA from the single-stranded genomic RNA. RT can act on both RNA and DNA templates. Ribonuclease H (RNase) cleaves the RNA strand (genomic RNA strand) of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes formed after the initial synthesis of DNA by RT, leaving single-stranded DNA ready for complementary strand synthesis. Two polypurine tracts are left by RNase H to serve as templates for DNA synthesis by RT. After DNA synthesis is initiated, RNase H removes the polyurine tracts. Integrase (In) catalyzes the integration of viral DNA (provirus) in the host genome. First, an exonuclease activity trims two nucleotides from each 3' end of the linear viral DNA duplex. Then, a double-stranded endonuclease activity cleaves the host DNA at the integration site. Finally, a ligase activity generates a single covalent linkage at each end of the proviral DNA. For information on the Gag polyprotein, kindly refer to BCH record #116153: http://bch.cbd.int/database/record.shtml?documentid=116153
bch-gene-scbd-105055-3 Pollen polygalacturonase promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-15015-6 Polygalacturonase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Ripening) Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato, SOLLC The polygalacturonase gene encodes the polygalacturonase (PG) enzyme, which is responsible for the breakdown of cell wall pectin during the softening of fruits that takes place during ripening. Pectin is a building block in plant cell walls and is what gives fruits their firmness. Fruits with reduced PG activity have a slower cell wall breakdown, higher viscosity and delayed softening.
bch-gene-scbd-115568-1 Polymerase acidic protein Protein coding sequence Influenza A virus - Influenza, Flu, Avian flu, Human flu, Swine influenza, Equine influenza, Bird flu The polymerase acidic protein (PA) complexes with polymerase basic protein 1 and 2 to form an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. PA is essential for the formation of the RNA polymerase and for viral replication. The complex primes transcription of viral RNA through a mechanism termed cap snatching, where the 5' ends (10 to 15 nucleotides) of host pre-mRNAs are removed. PA is thought to act as the endonuclease that cleaves the host pre-mRNAs. It was also suggested that PA can induce proteolytic degradation of co-expressed proteins.
bch-gene-scbd-115569-1 Polymerase basic protein 1 Protein coding sequence Influenza A virus - Influenza, Flu, Avian flu, Human flu, Swine influenza, Equine influenza, Bird flu Polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) complexes with polymerase acidic protein (PA) and polymerase basic protein 2 to form an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Transcription of viral mRNA occurs through a mechanism termed cap snatching, where the 5' methylated end (10 to 15 nucleotides) of the host pre-mRNAs is cleaved by PA and used for viral transcription. PB1 comprises the catalytic core of the polymerase and is responsible for RNA synthesis activity. PB1 uses the short sequences cleaved by PA for priming and initiating RNA synthesis.
bch-gene-scbd-115570-1 Polymerase basic protein 2 Protein coding sequence Influenza A virus - Influenza, Flu, Avian flu, Human flu, Swine influenza, Equine influenza, Bird flu Polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) complexes with polymerase basic protein 1 and polymerase acidic protein (PA) to form an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. During transcription, PB2 binds the 5′,7-methylguanosine cap of the host pre-mRNA, which will be subsequently cleaved by PA. PB2 also inhibits type I interferon induction through interaction with and inhibition of the host mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein MAVS.
bch-gene-scbd-115582-2 Polymerase I terminator Terminator Mus musculus - Mouse, House mouse, MOUSE
bch-gene-scbd-106424-3 Polyphenol oxidase 5 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Solanum verrucosum - SOLVR The PPO enzyme family catalyses the o-hydroxylation of monophenol molecules in which the benzene ring contains a single hydroxyl substituent) to o-diphenols (phenol molecules containing two hydroxyl substituents). It can also further catalyse the oxidation of o-diphenols to produce o-quinones. PPO causes the rapid polymerization of o-quinones to produce black, brown or red pigments (polyphenols) that cause fruit browning
bch-gene-scbd-111327-1 Polyphosphate kinase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield) Escherichia coli - ECOLX Polyphosphate kinase catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate of ATP to a long-chain polyphosphate. Among other functions, the polyphosphate moieties serve as a form of chemical energy storage during a cell's high energy status.
bch-gene-scbd-104802-5 Polyubiquitin10 gene promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-110663-1 Potato type II proteinase inhibitor, PIN2B Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects) Solanum nigrum - Black nightshade, SOLNI Plants produce proteinase inhibitors (PIN) as a strategy to protect themselves against the damage caused by herbivorous insects.
bch-gene-scbd-110662-2 Potato type II proteinase inhibitor, PINI Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects) Solanum nigrum - Black nightshade, SOLNI Plants produce proteinase inhibitors (PIN) as a strategy to protect themselves against the damage caused by herbivorous insects.
bch-gene-scbd-106414-3 PPO Suppression Transgene Double-stranded RNA Malus domestica - Apple, MALDO
bch-gene-scbd-104309-1 PPV coat protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses) Plum pox virus - PPV, Sharka The cp gene from PPV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Plum Pox Virus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PPV.
bch-gene-scbd-114713-1 pre-membrane protein Protein coding sequence Japanese encephalitis virus - JEV SA14-14-2 The pre-membrane protein (prM) is a caperone protein for the envelope protein during intracellular protein assembly by masking and inactivating envelope protein E fusion peptide. prM is matured in the host Golgi. prM (nucleotide positions 477..977) contains the sequence for small envelope protein M/matrix protein M (nucleotide positions 753..977), which has a role in viral budding and activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via M ectodomain.
bch-gene-scbd-258910-1 precursor miRNA backbone 396h microRNA Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-116052-1 Predicted calmodulin 5 gene intron Intron Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-115179-1 PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT 1 Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT 1 encodes a putative MYB domain containing transcription factor involved in anthocyanin metabolism and radical scavenging. PAP1 promotes the synthesis of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanidin, probably together with GL3 and BHLH2. Additionally, PAP1 was demonstrated to interact with JAZ proteins to regulate anthocyanin accumulation and is essential for the sucrose-mediated expression of the dihydroflavonol reductase gene.
bch-gene-scbd-110670-2 Prosystemin gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests Solanum nigrum - Black nightshade, SOLNI The systemin precursor (Prosystemin) is a 200 amino acid peptide precursor of Systemin. The active form of Systemin is an 18 amino acid plant peptide hormone involved in the wound response to herbivore and pathogen attacks in the Solanaceae family.
bch-gene-scbd-108283-1 Protamine 1 coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) Homo sapiens - HUMAN Protamines are polycationic, highly basic polypeptides that bind to DNA and substitute for the somatic histones and transition proteins required for spermatogenesis in vertebrates. The highly positively charged nature of protamines allows them to electrostatically bind to the negatively charged heparin molecules there fore neutralizing the anticoagulant effects of heparin following cardiovascular surgery.
bch-gene-scbd-111083-1 Protein 17 coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses, Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus Y (PVY)) Potato leafroll virus - PLRV The pr17 gene of potato leafroll virus codes for a 17-kDa protein that is a putative movement protein for the phloem-limited luteovirus.
bch-gene-scbd-100367-4 Proteinase inhibitor II gene terminator Terminator Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-104338-1 Proteinase inhibitor II gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU Plant protease inhibitors such as PinII have been proposed to function as part of the plant defense system. Protease inhibitors are abundant proteins in the storage organs and seeds of plants In addition, their synthesis is induced to high levels in response to stress, infection and wounding.
bch-gene-scbd-110883-1 Proteinase inhibitor II transit peptide Transit signal Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-15026-6 PRSV coat protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Papaya ringspot potyvirus resistance) Papaya ringspot virus - PRSV The cp gene from PRSV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Papaya ringspot virus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PRSV.
bch-gene-scbd-101021-3 Ps7s7 Promoter Subterranean clover stunt virus - SCSV, Subterranean clover stunt virus
bch-gene-scbd-101940-3 PSbMV coat protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses) Pea seed-borne mosaic virus - PSbMV The cp gene from PSbMV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Pea Seed-borne Mosaic Virus coat protein. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PSbMV.
bch-gene-scbd-103097-4 PsbY transit peptide Transit signal Spinacia oleracea - Spinach, SPIOL
bch-gene-scbd-101407-6 pTA29 pollen specific promoter Promoter Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-101411-3 pUC origin of replication Plasmid Vector -
bch-gene-scbd-101410-2 pUC19 plasmid Plasmid vector -
bch-gene-scbd-116054-1 Putative gene of the mannose-binding protein superfamily terminator Terminator Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-15020-3 PVY coat protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses, Potato virus Y (PVY)) Potato virus Y - PVY The cp gene from PVY encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Potato virus Y strain O. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PVY.
bch-gene-scbd-103123-6 Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase, Intron 3 Intron Flaveria trinervia - Clustered Yellowtops, speedyweed, flaveria, yellow twinstem
bch-gene-scbd-104448-1 Quinolinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase gene Promoter Promoter Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-15416-2 Quinolinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Reduced nicotine content Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC The NtQPT1 gene codes for quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QPTase).  This enzyme is responsible for the production of nicotinic acid, a nicotine precursor.
bch-gene-scbd-115849-2 R-2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionate dioxygenase Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides,Tolerance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,Tolerance to quizalofop Sphingobium herbicidovorans - SPHHE The Sphingobium herbicidovorans R-2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionate dioxygenase was engineered to have increased thermostability and enzymatic activity. The enzyme inactivates quizalofop (active against monocots) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides using α-ketoglutarate and molecular oxygen to produce the inactivated herbicide, succinate and carbon dioxide. The enzyme may also act on other aryloxyphenoxypropionate and synthetic auxin herbicides.
bch-gene-scbd-111529-1 RA5B gene terminator Terminator Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-100344-2 Rabies Glycoprotein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses) Rabies lyssavirus - Rabies virus The rabies virus glycoprotein (G) forms surface projections through the viral lipid envelope and is the only protein capable of inducing and reacting with virus-neutralizing antibody. IDuring virus uptake by the host cell, G must interact efficiently with cell surface receptors that can mediate rapid internalization of the virus.
bch-gene-scbd-104795-4 RB7 matrix attachment region Enhancer Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-102611-2 rbcL ribosomal binding site Protein coding sequence Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC This is the ribosome binding site of the large subunit of a multimeric enzyme (RuBisCo) involved in photosynthesis. A ribosomal binding site (RBS) is a sequence on mRNA that is bound by the ribosome when initiating protein translation.
bch-gene-scbd-103851-5 rbcS Promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-100349-3 rbcS Promoter Promoter Helianthus annuus - Sunflower, HELAN
bch-gene-scbd-110887-1 rbcS promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-103853-2 rbcS Terminator Terminator Nicotiana tabacum - Tobacco, TOBAC
bch-gene-scbd-101902-4 rbcS Transit Peptide Transit signal Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-103616-4 rbcS Transit Peptide Transit signal Pisum sativum - Garden pea, PEA
bch-gene-scbd-101877-5 rbcS-E9 gene terminator Terminator Pisum sativum - Garden pea, PEA
bch-gene-scbd-260878-1 RCc3 enhancer Enhancer Sorghum bicolor - Sorghum
bch-gene-scbd-263035-1 RCc3 leader Leader Tripsacum dactyloides - Eastern gamagrass, TRIDA, Gama grass
bch-gene-scbd-260879-1 RCc3 promoter Promoter Sorghum bicolor - Sorghum
bch-gene-scbd-263034-1 RCc3 promoter Promoter Tripsacum dactyloides - Eastern gamagrass, TRIDA, Gama grass
bch-gene-scbd-114683-3 Recombinant glycolate dehydrogenase (fused subunits DEF) Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield),Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates),Changes to photosynthesis and photorespiration,Tolerance to abiotic stress (Cold / Heat) Escherichia coli - ECOLX Glycolate dehydrogenase converts 2-phosphoglycolate to glycerate and CO2. In plant biotechnology applications, the enzyme can be used used to increase photosynthetic rates by reducing the the toxic effects of photorespiration (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-caboxylase/-oxygenase (Rubisco) to binding O2 instead of CO2). The recombinant glycolate dehydrogenase polyprotein (DEFp) by fusing the corresponding E. coli glcD (1493bps),glcE (1046 bps), and glcF (1220 bps) cDNAs with intervening flexible (Gly4Ser) 3 linkers. The fused polyprotein ensures the protein subunits are produced in stoichiometric amounts.
bch-gene-scbd-108043-1 Recombinant human lactoferrin coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) Homo sapiens - HUMAN Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family, first isolated from milk but also found in most exocrine secretions as well as in the secondary granules of neutrophils. The many reports on its antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activityin vitro identify lactoferrin as important in host defense against infection and excessive inflammation. Most if not all lactoferrin actions are mediated through iron sequestration and/or interaction with a large variety of ligands including microbial cell wall components and cellular receptors, through its highly positively charged N-terminus. Lactoferrin exerts its effects on glandular epithelia, secretions, mucosal surfaces as well as in the interstitium and vascular compartments where it has been postulated to participate in iron metabolism, disease defense, and modulation of inflammatory and immune responses.
bch-gene-scbd-111602-1 Recombinase A gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate) Sinorhizobium meliloti - RHIML Recombinase A (RecA) plays a central role in natural recombination processes, DNA repair processes and the control of gene expression following DNA damage.
bch-gene-scbd-103740-1 Red Fluorescent Protein gene Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Discosoma sp. - Coral anemones, Sea anemones The red fluorescent protein (RFP) is a protein that exhibits bright red fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range
bch-gene-scbd-114697-1 Replication Associated Gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses) African cassava mosaic virus - ACMV The AC1 protein is essential of the replication of the viral single stranded DNA (ssDNA) through rolling circle amplification via the recruitment of a cellular DNA polymerase. AC1 functions as a helicase and also cleaves DNA during replication of the viral genome.
bch-gene-scbd-260833-2 Resistance to Phytophthora infestans Mcq1 promoter Promoter Solanum mochiquense - SOLMO
bch-gene-scbd-260834-2 Resistance to Phytophthora infestans Mcq1 terminator Terminator Solanum mochiquense - SOLMO
bch-gene-scbd-260832-3 Resistance to Phytophthora infestans Mcq1 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests Solanum mochiquense - SOLMQ Resistance to Phytophthora infestans MCQ1 is a nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat protein that mediates a hypersensitive response upon recognition of the pathogen effector AVIRULENCE2 (AVR2). It contributes to the resistance of Solanum mochiquense to late blight.
bch-gene-scbd-111747-1 Ribosome-inactivating protein I gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU Protein synthesis inhibitor I inhibits the elongation phase of protein synthesis. It effectively inactivates fungal ribosomes and is thought to function as a constitutive antifungal agent in plants.
bch-gene-scbd-114703-1 Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit 2B promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-114684-1 Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit 3B promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-100364-5 Rice actin 1 gene promoter Promoter Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-100355-6 Rice actin 1, intron Intron Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-111530-1 Rice actin 1, leader sequence Leader Sequence Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-258893-1 Rice actin 15 intron Intron Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-104598-2 Rolling-circle replication initiation factor Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests Bean golden mosaic virus - BGMV AC1 encodes a complex, multifunctional protein (Rep) that acts as a rolling-circle replication initiation factor, which is the only protein strictly essential for viral genome replication in the bean yellow mosaic virus and is capable of regulating its own expression.
bch-gene-scbd-110886-1 Root locus C gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production Agrobacterium rhizogenes - AGRRH The cytokinin-beta-glucosidase encoded by rolC hydrolyses cytokinin-glucosides, releasing active forms of cytokinin.
bch-gene-scbd-111296-1 Root locus C promoter Promoter Agrobacterium rhizogenes - AGRRH
bch-gene-scbd-263014-1 Rosea1 Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Antioxidants, Pigmentation / Coloration) Antirrhinum majus - Common Snapdragon, Snapdragon ROSEA1 is a MYB transcription factor that control the pattern and intensity of coloration of snapdragon flowers. Together with other transcription factors, such as DELILA, ROSEA1 upregulates anthocyanin and antioxidant biosynthesis. Overexpression of ROSEA1 in tobacco improved abiotic stress tolerance (through upregulation of antioxidant biosynthesis and stress-related responses) and increased anthocyanin biosynthesis.
bch-gene-scbd-100381-3 rrnB Terminator Terminator Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-103768-2 RuBisCO small subunit gene 5'UTR Leader Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-104632-2 RuBisCo SSU Terminator Terminator Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-101870-7 RZM Genetic Element Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses, Beet necrotic yellow virus (BNYV)) Beet necrotic yellow vein virus - BNYVV RNA 1 encodes the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or replicase protein responsible for the propagation of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (BNYVV). The RZM genetic element is the inverted repeat of a part of the RNA-1 gene transcript of the BNYVV. In plants carrying the RZM gene, it confers resistance to Rhizomania disease caused by BNYVV  by disrupting the replication process of the virus thus leading to a reduction in the development of the virus in the plant.
bch-gene-scbd-15017-5 S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Ripening) Bacteriophage T3 - Phage T3, T3 The SAMase gene encodes S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) hydrolase which is capable of degrading and thus reducing SAM. The conversion of SAM to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the first step in ethylene biosynthesis and the lack of sufficient pools of SAM results in significantly reduced synthesis of this phytohormone, which is known to play a key role in fruit ripening.
bch-gene-scbd-263047-1 S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1 terminator Terminator Setaria italica - Foxtail millet, Italian millet
bch-gene-scbd-103895-2 SAMS Promoter Promoter Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-104818-2 SCP1 promoter Promoter -
bch-gene-scbd-115341-3 Scraps intron Intron Drosophila melanogaster - Common Fruit Fly
bch-gene-scbd-114438-2 SCSV1 promoter Promoter Subterranean clover stunt virus - SCSV, Subterranean clover stunt virus
bch-gene-scbd-114440-1 SCSV3 terminator Terminator Subterranean clover stunt virus - SCSV, Subterranean clover stunt virus
bch-gene-scbd-102033-4 SEKDEL ER retention signal Transit signal -
bch-gene-scbd-111570-1 Serine acetyltransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Antioxidants),Tolerance to abiotic stress Escherichia coli - ECOLX Serine acetyltransferases catalyse the production of cysteine and glutathion in the chloroplast. In plants, glutathion plays an essential role in the manargement of biotic and abiotic stress, like for example the tolerance to heavy metals and the pathogen defense response.
bch-gene-scbd-101929-2 Serine protease inhibitor gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) Galleria mellonella - Wax moth, Honeycomb Moth Gene expression is induced during humoral immune response of Galleria mellonella against fungal pathogens.
bch-gene-scbd-115638-1 SETL promoter Promoter Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-115641-1 SETL terminator Terminator Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
bch-gene-scbd-46121-4 Seven linked human predominant T-cell epitopes Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Allergens) Cryptomeria japonica - Japanese cedar 7Crp gene derived from cedar pollen Cryj I and Cryj II allergen protein genes. This gene encodes an artificial peptide linking seven-site sequences recognized by the human cedar allergen-specific T-cells.
bch-gene-scbd-115343-1 Sex-specific splicing module Intron Aedes aegypti - Yellow fever mosquito, AEDAE
bch-gene-scbd-104313-2 Silk Proteinase Inhibitor 2 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria, Fungi) Galleria mellonella - Wax moth, Honeycomb Moth Silk Proteinase Inhibitor 2 (SPI 2) is a Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor that was identified within the silk of Galleria mellonella . Based on its effect on bacterial and fungal proteinases, and on the developmental profile of its production, it is assumed that it protects silk proteins from microbial destruction.
bch-gene-scbd-101519-2 Sinapoylglucose:choline sinapoyltransferase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA In oilseed rape plants Sinapoylglucose:choline sinapoyltransferase (SCT) catalyses the conversion of sinapoylglucose to sinapoyl-choline (sinapine). A number of plant components like sinapic acid esters restrict the use of oilseed rape products in human and animal nutrition. In oilseed rape these compounds are present in much higher concentrations than in other oil-rich seeds, which accounts for the bitter taste and astringency of oilseed rape products. The phenolic compounds present in oilseed rape can form complexes with the oilseed rape protein, thus reducing the high nutritional value of the protein. Moreover, these phenolic compounds give rise to an undesirable dark colouration of oilseed rape protein products. Sinapic acid esters, which mainly consist of the bitter substance sinapine (or sinapoyl-choline), normally make up 1-2% of rapeseed meal. Sinapine is the most frequently occurring phenolic acid ester compound, accounting for approximately 80% of the total phenolic content. By suppressing sinapoylglucose:choline sinapoyltransferase the sinapine content in the seeds of the GM oilseed rape plants is reduced.
bch-gene-scbd-103024-2 Single-chain Fragment variable (scFv) antibody BA11 Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Antibodies and antigens) Mus musculus - Mouse, House mouse, MOUSE The single chain antibody scFv BA11 is a synthetic molecule comprised from the variable fragments of a complete IgG antibody which are linked by a synthetic peptide through phage display-technology. The scFv BA11 antibody targets F4-fimbria of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cells that attach to the intestinal wall of pigs and might cause diarrhea.
bch-gene-scbd-105733-1 Slow Anion Channel-Associated 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH The plasma membrane protein SLAC1 is essential for stomatal closure in response to CO2, abscisic acid, ozone, light/dark transitions, humidity change, calcium ions, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide.
bch-gene-scbd-116053-1 Smooth septate junction protein 1 Double-stranded RNA Diabrotica virgifera virgifera - Western corn rootworm, DIAVI
bch-gene-scbd-108875-2 Snf7 coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles), Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera)) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera - Western corn rootworm, DIAVI The WCR Snf7 ortholog (DvSnf7) is a component of the ESCRT-III complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport), which is involved in essential biological processes including sorting of cell membrane receptors.
bch-gene-scbd-114675-1 Solanum tuberosum Soluble Starch Synthase 3 promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-103626-2 Sorghum bicolor legumin protein Terminator Terminator Sorghum bicolor - Sorghum
bch-gene-scbd-115073-1 Spacer sequence Spacer sequence Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-115074-1 Spacer sequence Spacer sequence Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-103887-1 Stilbene Synthase Terminator Terminator Vitis vinifera - Grape Vine
bch-gene-scbd-101520-4 Stilbene Synthase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Antioxidants, Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin)),Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi),Tolerance to abiotic stress Vitis vinifera - Grape Vine Stilbene synthase catalyses the conversion of p-Cumaroyl-CoA to resveratrol. Resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) belongs to the flavonoid group of compounds and is classed among the phytoalexins.Phytoalexins are a class of antibiotic polyphenol compounds that form part of the plant defence system.  Resveratrol was first identified and isolated from Japanese knotweed plants, but it is also present in grapevine (Vitis vinifera), pine, linseed, sesame seed and peanuts. In grapevine the highest concentration of resveratrol (between 50 and 100 μg/g) is found in the grape skins. Resveratrol is a metabolite produced by the plant in response to stress, for instance, when subjected to high levels of ozone or ultra violet irradiation, or when under attack by fungi or insects. Beneficial effects on the human immune system have also been attributed to resveratrol. This is based mainly on its antioxidant properties. Resveratrol is primarily a scavenger of peroxy radicals. It reduces lipoprotein lipid (LDL) peroxidation and protects cell membranes against the damaging effects of oxidated LDL. Resveratrol is also thought to have anticarcinogenic and cancer-inhibiting properties.
bch-gene-scbd-48458-4 Stomatal density and distribution 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress (Drought) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH The gene product of the sdd1-gene (stomatal density and distribution), SDD1 is a subtilisin-like serine protease, which evidently functions as a negative regulator of guard cell development. The overexpression of SDD1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana causes a reduction of guard cell density to approximately 40% of the wild type.
bch-gene-scbd-48460-3 Stomatal density and distribution 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress (Drought) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU The gene product of the sdd1 gene (stomatal density and distribution), SDD1 is a subtilisin-like serine protease, which evidently functions as a negative regulator of guard cell development. The overexpression of SDD1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana causes a reduction of guard cell density to approximately 40% of the wild type.
bch-gene-scbd-110606-1 Stopper Sequence Terminator -
bch-gene-scbd-109045-1 Strawberry vein banding virus promoter Promoter Strawberry vein banding virus - SVBV
bch-gene-scbd-260900-2 Subtilisin-chymotrypsin inhibitor 1B terminator Terminator Sorghum bicolor - Sorghum
bch-gene-scbd-107864-1 Sucrose Invertase 2 gene Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications (Biofuel production) Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast, YEASX The SUC2 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the secreted enzyme invertase, which hydrolyses sucrose and raffinose.
bch-gene-scbd-110884-1 Sucrose isomerase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Erwinia rhapontici - ERWRD Sucrose isomerases (SI) convert sucrose into varying isomers. The SI described here converts sucrose into its isomer isomaltulose (brand name palatinose, 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose).
bch-gene-scbd-111322-1 Sucrose synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU Sucrose synthase reversibly catalyzes sucrose synthesis from, and cleavage to NDP-glucose and fructose.
bch-gene-scbd-101594-3 Sucrose transporter gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield),Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU The HvSUT1 gene encodes a membrane transport protein which mediates the energy-dependent transport of saccharose (sucrose) across cell membranes against a concentration gradient.  Sucrose transporters are thought to be among the basic components of all higher plants, since saccharose is the universal transport form of all photoassimilates. In barley tissue, messenger RNA that encodes the HvSUT protein was found at the central exchange point between the maternal (parent plant) and filial (grain) parts of the plant. Induction of the HvSUT1 gene is associated with an increase in sucrose content in the developing grain, with the production of enzymes that play a role in starch formation, and with starch accumulation in the endosperm during corn formation. The HvSUT1 protein, therefore, appears to be an important controlling element for the import of sucrose into the endosperm. The function and mode of action of this gene has been closely examined in expression studies on baking yeast. Apart from the transport of sucrose, the gene is not known to have any additional functions.
bch-gene-scbd-111323-1 Sucrose transporter gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield) Spinacia oleracea - Spinach, SPIOL The sucrose transporter is responsible for the loading of sucrose into the phloem. This enables the transport of carbons from photosynthetic tissues to non-photosynthetic tissues in plants.
bch-gene-scbd-102882-3 Sucrose transporter promoter Promoter Hordeum vulgare - Barley, HORVU
bch-gene-scbd-115287-1 sucrose-binding protein promoter Promoter Vicia faba - Broad Bean, Tick Bean, Windsor Bean, Horse Bean, Pigeon Bean, Field Bean
bch-gene-scbd-111065-1 Sucrose-sucrose-1-fructosyltransferase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus - Artichoke, Globe artichoke, CYNCS The sucrose-sucrose-1-fructosyltransferase (SST) from C. scolymus is an enzyme involved in fructan metabolism. It catalyses the synthesis of 1-kestose, a trisaccharide, from sucrose.
bch-gene-scbd-46095-2 Sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase gene Protein coding sequence | Increased inulin Helianthus tuberosus - Sunflower, Jerusalem artichokes, Sunroot, Sunchoke Involved in inulin biosynthesis by catalysing the synthesis of trisaccharide 1-kestose from two molecules of sucrose, thereby releasing glucose.
bch-gene-scbd-114748-3 SV40 poly-adenylation signal Terminator Macaca mulatta polyomavirus 1 - SV40, Simian vacuolating virus 40, simian virus 40, Rhesus macaque polyomavirus
bch-gene-scbd-103217-2 Synthetic cry1C gene Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)) - Spodoptera insect pest control
bch-gene-scbd-103553-2 Synthetic elastin-like protein Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal),Use in industrial applications - Elastin is a structural protein found in mammals that confers elasticity to connective tissues. Examples for the function of elastin are the elasticity of big blood vessels such as the aorta or the dimensional stability of pulmonary alveolis. Elastin is made up of two domain types: A hydrophobic domain consisting of repeats of oligopeptides rich in glycin, alanine, valine and proline alternating with a hydrophilic domain that also incorporates lysine residues. Soluble elastin is secreted by the cells and covalently linked by its lysine residues through an enzymatic process. Thereby an elastin-network is formed that is composed of elastic fibers and is able to be reversibly stretched for some of its own magnitudes. The artificial elastin 100xELP has high similarity to human elastin and consists of oligomeric repeats of the pentapaptide Val-Pro-Gly-Xaa-Gly (Xaa – any amino acid but proline). Hence it solely consists of units that resemble the hydrophobic domain of natural elastin. Therefore it is not able to be linked to a network. However, 100xELP exhibits a good ability to be solved in aqueous solution depending on the salt concentration and temperature. It can undergo an inverse transition, i.e. the protein is soluble in an aqueous solution below its transition temperature but insoluble above this critical value.
bch-gene-scbd-105606-1 Synthetic Minimal Plant promoter Promoter -
bch-gene-scbd-48457-2 Synthetic spider silk protein coding sequence Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications Nephila clavipes - Golden silk orbweaver spider The SO1 gene comprises the repetitive part of the naturally occuring MaSpl gene; The 3´-localised non-repetitive sequence of approximately 180 bp was removed from SO1. The genes MaSpI and MaSpII encode the spider silk proteins in the dragline core fibre of the golden silk orbweaver spider Nephila clavipes. For more information on MaSpI and MaSpII see BCH records: 48455 and 48456
bch-gene-scbd-103758-1 telAB gene Protein coding sequence | Selectable marker genes and reporter genes Enterobacter aerogenes - Enterobacter This gene, along with kilA, confers resistance to the chemical compound potassium tellurite (K2TeO3). The use of this gene as marker was developed to suit strains that were aimed to be released in field trials, where it is not desirable to use antibiotic resistance genes as marker tools for tracking the bacteria. Makes selective plating on potassium tellurite possible.
bch-gene-scbd-113224-1 Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene promoter Promoter Homo sapiens - HUMAN
bch-gene-scbd-115235-1 Terminal Invert Repeat Integration sequence Trichoplusia ni - Cabbage looper, Cabbage looper moth, Cabbage plusia, Common cabbage looper, Lettuce looper
bch-gene-scbd-105038-4 Tetracycline Operator Operator Escherichia coli - ECOLX
bch-gene-scbd-101475-13 Tetracycline-controlled transactivator Protein coding sequence | Conditional lethality Escherichia coli - ECOLX Tetracycline-controlled transactivator (tTAV) is a synthetic protein coding sequence based on a fusion of sequences from Escherichia coli and Herpes simplex virus (VP16 transcriptional activator). tTAV is under the control of its own binding site, tetO. In the absence of tetracycline, tTAV binds to tetO and drives expression of more tTAV, in a positive feedback loop. In the presence of tetracycline, tTAV binds tetracycline; this tetracycline-bound form does not bind tetO and so does not lead to expression of more tTAV. Consequently, this construct gives very high levels of expression of tTAV in the absence of tetracycline, but only low, basal expression in the presence of tetracycline. tTAV encodes a dominant trait that, when introduced into certain insects, causes death of the insect unless the antibiotic tetracycline is supplied.
bch-gene-scbd-111930-1 Tetrameric ubiquitin gene promoter Promoter Ananas comosus - Pineapple, ANACO
bch-gene-scbd-111934-1 Tetrameric ubiquitin gene terminator Terminator Ananas comosus - Pineapple, ANACO
bch-gene-scbd-104664-2 TEV 5' Untranslated Region Leader Tobacco etch virus - TEV
bch-gene-scbd-15005-5 Thioesterase Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)) Umbellularia californica - Laurel, California Bay Laurel, UMBCA The TE gene codes for the enzyme 12:0 ACP thioesterase which is active in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of developing seeds and causes the accumulation of triacylglycerides containing esterified lauric acid and, to a lesser extent, myristic acid.
bch-gene-scbd-111085-1 Threonine synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU The chloroplast-localized threonine synthase is involved in amino-acid biosynthesis. It catalyses the irreversible conversion of homoserine into threonine.
bch-gene-scbd-103753-1 Thylakoid membrane protein gene promoter Promoter Amaranthus hybridus - Slim Amaranth, Green Amaranth, Pigweed
bch-gene-scbd-101415-9 Ti plasmid left border repeat Plasmid vector Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-101416-6 Ti plasmid right border repeat Plasmid vector Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-103750-1 Tilapia Growth Hormone gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate) Oreochromis hornorum x Oreochromis aureus - Hybrid tilapia Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals.
bch-gene-scbd-108703-1 TMV 35s promoter Promoter Tobacco mosaic virus - TMV
bch-gene-scbd-258892-1 Tonoplast integral protein 1 promoter Promoter Setaria italica - Foxtail millet, Italian millet
bch-gene-scbd-114686-2 Tonoplast Monosaccharide Transporter 1 Protein coding sequence | Altered photosynthesis,Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate, Photoperiod response, Yield) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH Arabidopsis thaliana Tonoplast Monosaccharide Transporter 1 ( AtTMT1 ) encodes a membrane protein, responsible for transferring glucose from the plant cytosol into the vacuolar compartment. Overexpression of AtTMT1 lead to an expression of photosynthesis-related genes, reduced consumption of sugars for cellular respiration, reduced nocturnal loss of CO2, increased sugar export capacity from source leaves, increased the biomass of Arabidopsis seeds, and accelerated early plant development.
bch-gene-scbd-115906-1 Topoisomerase Protein coding sequence Pisum sativum - Garden pea, PEA Topoisomerases control the supercoiling of DNA.
bch-gene-scbd-103067-9 Transcript 7 gene 3' untranslated region Terminator Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-103642-2 Transcription termination factor Terminator Macaca mulatta polyomavirus 1 - SV40, Simian vacuolating virus 40, simian virus 40, Rhesus macaque polyomavirus
bch-gene-scbd-114455-1 Transit peptide and first intron of Rubisco SSU Transit signal Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-100360-4 Transit peptide and first intron of Rubisco SSU Transit signal Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-265290-1 Translation initiation factor 6 intron Intron Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-106440-1 Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) Aedes aegypti - Yellow fever mosquito, AEDAE Trypsin-modulating oostatic factor (TMOF), a mosquito decapeptide, terminates trypsin biosynthesis in the mosquito gut.
bch-gene-scbd-104340-2 Tumour Morphology Large gene terminator Terminator Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agrobacterium
bch-gene-scbd-111873-2 Tyrosine suppressor tRNA gene Protein coding sequence Escherichia coli - ECOLX A suppressor tRNA contains a mutation in the anticodon region that leads to its recognition and binding to a stop codon. This leads to the suppression of protein truncation resulting from a nonsense mutation. Therefore the suppressor tRNA will bind and incorporate its amino acid, instead of the regular release factor binding and causing termination, allowing translation to continue. The Escherichia coli tyrosine suppressor tRNA incorporates tyrosine at the chain termination codon UAG, thereby suppressing this stop-codon. It has been utilized in several shuttle-vector plasmids.
bch-gene-scbd-265292-1 Ubiquitin 1 terminator Terminator Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-116050-1 Ubiquitin 14 terminator Terminator Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-115655-2 Ubiquitin 4-2 intron Intron Petroselinum crispum - Parsley
bch-gene-scbd-115654-2 Ubiquitin 4-2 promoter Promoter Petroselinum crispum - Parsley
bch-gene-scbd-103927-2 Ubiquitin 5' Untranslated Region Leader Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-260837-1 Ubiquitin 7 exon 1 Protein coding sequence | Enhanced expression Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-104873-2 Ubiquitin 7 gene Promoter Promoter Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA
bch-gene-scbd-260836-2 Ubiquitin 7 intron Intron Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-260835-1 Ubiquitin 7 promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-259256-1 Ubiquitin exon 1 Protein coding sequence | Enhanced gene expression Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-101874-2 Ubiquitin gene 3 promoter Promoter Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
bch-gene-scbd-111526-2 Ubiquitin gene promoter Promoter Andropogon gerardii - Big bluestem, Turkeyfoot, Tall bluestem, Bluejoint, ANGER
bch-gene-scbd-101941-3 Ubiquitin gene promoter Promoter Saccharum sp. - Sugar cane
bch-gene-scbd-100362-7 Ubiquitin gene promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-110612-1 Ubiquitin gene terminator Terminator Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-103627-5 Ubiquitin Intron 1 Intron Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-111528-2 Ubiquitin Intron Sequence Intron Andropogon gerardii - Big bluestem, Turkeyfoot, Tall bluestem, Bluejoint, ANGER
bch-gene-scbd-111527-2 Ubiquitin leader sequence Leader Sequence Andropogon gerardii - Big bluestem, Turkeyfoot, Tall bluestem, Bluejoint, ANGER
bch-gene-scbd-115847-2 Ubiquitin promoter Promoter Arundo donax - Giant reed
bch-gene-scbd-115845-2 Ubiquitin promoter Promoter Coix lacryma-jobi - Job's tears, Adlay millet
bch-gene-scbd-115843-2 Ubiquitin promoter Promoter Saccharum ravennae - Plume grass, Ravenna grass, Elephant grass
bch-gene-scbd-259201-1 Ubiquitin terminator Terminator Petroselinum crispum - Parsley
bch-gene-scbd-116047-2 Ubiquitin terminator Terminator Sorghum bicolor - Sorghum
bch-gene-scbd-115345-2 Ubiquitin Protein coding sequence | Regulation Drosophila melanogaster - Common Fruit Fly Ubiquitin is a small protein of 76 amino acids, which is highly conserved in eukaryotes and may have many roles within the cell. Covalent attachment of ubiquitin can mark a protein for proteasomal degradation.
bch-gene-scbd-111059-2 Ubiquitin-ribosomal protein gene promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-111058-1 Ubiquitin-ribosomal protein gene terminator Terminator Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-263133-3 UDP-glucose:anthocyanin 3’,5’-O-glucosyltransferase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Clitoria ternatea - Bluebellvine, Asian pigeonwings, Butterfly pea, Blue pea, CLITE The enzyme efficiently glucosylates both cyanidin-type and delphinidin-type pigments. It shows substrate specificity for anthocyanin′s 3′- or 5′-OH group. In the biosynthesis of ternatins, the enzyme catalyzes the stepwise transfer of glucosyl groups; delphinidin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-glucoside is first converted to delphinidin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-glucoside-3′-O-β-glucoside, then to ternatin C5, which is delphinidin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-glucoside-3′,5′-di-O-β-glucoside.
bch-gene-scbd-101523-2 UDP-glucose:sinapate glucosyltransferase Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) Brassica napus - Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA As a step in the biosynthesis of sinapine the UDP-glucose:sinapate glucosyltransferase catalyses the conversion of sinapic acid to sinapoyl glucose. A number of plant components including sinapic acid esters restrict the use of oilseed rape products in human and animal nutrition. In oilseed rape these compounds are present in much higher concentrations than in other oil-rich seeds, which accounts for the bitter taste and astringency of oilseed rape products. The phenolic compounds present in oilseed rape can form complexes with the oilseed rape protein, thus reducing the high nutritional value of the protein. Moreover, these phenolic compounds give rise to an undesirable dark colouration of oilseed rape protein products. Sinapic acid esters, which mainly consist of the bitter substance sinapine (or sinapoyl-choline), normally make up 1-2% of rapeseed meal. Sinapine is the most frequently occurring phenolic acid ester compound, accounting for approximately 80% of the total phenolic content. Suppression of the UDP-glucose:sinapate glucosyltransferase leads to a reduction of sinapine content in the seeds of the GM oilseed rape plants.
bch-gene-scbd-105173-2 UL32 gene Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 - ILTV UL32 is a glycoprotein that plays a role in efficient localization of neo-synthesized capsids to nuclear replication compartments, thereby controlling cleavage and packaging of virus genomic DNA.
bch-gene-scbd-103026-3 Unknown seed protein-promoter Promoter Vicia faba - Broad Bean, Tick Bean, Windsor Bean, Horse Bean, Pigeon Bean, Field Bean
bch-gene-scbd-111569-1 Uridine monophosphate synthase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU The uridine monophosphate synthase of Solanum tuberosum is a bifunctional enzyme which acts as an orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and an orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase. These two sites catalyze the last two steps of the de novo uridine monophosphate biosynthetic pathway.
bch-gene-scbd-109064-2 Vacuolar invertase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU Hydrolyses sucrose in plant vacuoles to form reducing sugars.
bch-gene-scbd-110464-1 Vacuolar Membrane Transporter 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH Vacuolar iron transporter involved in the transfer of iron from the cytosol to the vacuole for intracellular iron storage. Vacuolar iron storage is required for seed embryo and seedling development.
bch-gene-scbd-110465-1 Vacuolar Membrane Transporter 1 gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) Tulipa gesneriana - Tulip, Garden Tulip, Didier's tulip, TULGE Vacuolar iron transporter involved in the transfer of iron from the cytosol to the vacuole for intracellular iron storage. Vacuolar iron storage is required for seed embryo and seedling development.
bch-gene-scbd-14990-5 Vegetative insecticidal protein 3A Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The vip3A gene codes for a vegetative insecticidal protein which confers tolerance to lepidopteran insect pests such as the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), and cotton leaf perforator (Bucculatrix thurberiella).
bch-gene-scbd-100887-5 Vegetative insecticidal protein 3Aa20 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU Vip3A is a group of vegetative insecticidal proteins (i.e., produced during the vegetative stage of bacterial growth) from Bacillus thuringiensis , a gram-positive bacterium commonly found in soil. The Vip3A proteins are highly toxic to some lepidopteran insects. Vip3Aa20 is a mutated form of the vip3Aa19 gene from the Bacillus thuringiensis strain AB88. The mutation occurred by two codon changes within the vip3Aa19 coding sequence when this gene was introduced in the maize event MIR162. One of these was a silent mutation and the other codon change resulted in an amino acid substitution. Therefore, the vip3Aa gene variant present in MIR162 maize has been designated vip3Aa20.
bch-gene-scbd-115068-1 Vegetative storage protein terminator Terminator Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-105223-1 Viral Protein 2 gene Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Infectious bursal disease virus - Gumboro virus VP2 is a component of the IBDV viral capsid. It is the major host-protective immunogen of IBDV, and contains the immunogenic regions responsible for the induction of neutralising antibodies.
bch-gene-scbd-102024-3 Viral protein 60 Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Vaccines) Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus - RHDV The viral capsid protein VP60 is a structural protein of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). The VP60 protein alone does not trigger the disease in rabbits. The vaccines used in this case contain inactivated virus and thus the VP60 protein.
bch-gene-scbd-263048-1 Vpb4Da2 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles), Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi)) Bacillus thuringiensis - Bt, Bacillus, BACTU The VPD4Da2 protein has a similar mode of action to other Bt proteins: proteolytic activation, binding to a receptor in the midgut, oligomerization in the membrane, pore formation and cell death. This cellular damage leads to death of the insect. However, the protein forms beta-barrel pores rather than the alpha-helical transmembrane pores Bt proteins form.
bch-gene-scbd-15024-4 WMV-2 coat protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses, Mosaic virus, Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV2)) Watermelon mosaic virus - The cp gene from WMV-2 encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Watermelon mosaic virus-2. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by WMV-2.
bch-gene-scbd-106342-1 Wound induceable promoter Promoter Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU
bch-gene-scbd-103726-1 WRKY45 Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria, Fungi) Oryza sativa - Rice, ORYSA The WRKY45 transcription factor is upregulated during the Benzothiadiazole (BTH)-induced disease resistance which sets off a signalling cascade that protects plants from diseases by activating the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway
bch-gene-scbd-111594-1 Xylanase Z gene Protein coding sequence | Use in industrial applications Ruminiclostridium thermocellum - CLOTM Xylanases hydrolyse the glycosidic bonds between unsubstituted xylose residues, leading to the degradation of xylan, a component of the hemicellulose found in plant cell walls.
bch-gene-scbd-100278-6 Zeaxanthin epoxidase gene Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration),Tolerance to abiotic stress Solanum tuberosum - Potato, SOLTU The ZEP protein (EC 1.14.13.90) catalyzes the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to violaxanthin. Violaxanthin serves as a precursor molecule for many carotenoids, such as the phytohormone abscisic acid. The reaction mediated by ZEP can serve as a photoprotective mechanism in higher plants and some green algae to prevent the generation of reactive oxygen species during photosynthesis. Thus violaxanthin and zeaxanthin  act as buffers against excessive light irradiation. Inhibition of zeaxanthin epoxidase leads to a build-up of zeaxanthin.
bch-gene-scbd-115831-2 Zein Zc2 promoter Promoter Zea mays - Maize, Corn, MAIZE
bch-gene-scbd-15025-3 ZYMV coat protein Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Viruses, Mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)) Zucchini yellow mosaic virus - ZYMV The cp gene from ZYMV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by ZYMV.
bch-gene-scbd-104359-2 α' subunit of β-conglycinin gene promoter Promoter Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-103856-6 α' subunit of β-conglycinin gene terminator Terminator Glycine max - Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
bch-gene-scbd-259257-1 β actin promoter Promoter Danio rerio - Zebra fish, leopard danio, zebra danio
bch-gene-scbd-115354-3 δ-cadinene synthase dsRNA Double-stranded RNA Gossypium hirsutum - Cotton
bch-gene-scbd-263476-1 Δ4 acyl-ACP desaturase transit peptide Transit signal Coriandrum sativum - Coriander, Cilantro, Dhania, Chinese parsley