Abstracts of the OECD Workshop on the Biology of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) (2006)
The OECD’s Working Group for Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology organised an OECD Expert Workshop on the Biology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). It was held in Moscow, 29 November - 1 December 2004, and was hosted by Germany and the Russian Federation. This was the first occasion for the Working Group to address environmental safety issues related to animals. There were 40 participants from 13 countries, which ensure the participation of experts from key member and nonmembe
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Genetically modified seeds and plant propagating material in Europe: potential routes of entrance and current status (Feb 2019)
Genetically modified organisms (GMO), mainly crop plants, are increasingly grown worldwide leading to large trade volumes of living seeds and other plant material both for cultivation and for food and animal feed. Even though all the traded
GMOs have been assessed for their safety with regards to human and animal health and the environment, there still are some concerns regarding the potential uncontrolled release in the environment of authorized or unauthorized GM
plants. In this review, we ide
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Potential risk evaluation for unintended entry of genetically modified plant Propagating material in Europe through import of seeds and animal feed – the experience of Latvia (Jul 2019)
Significant attention has been drawn to the adventitious and technically unavoidable presence of genetically modified (GM) organisms in the food and feed imported into the European Union (EU), while the potential presence of GM seeds in material for cultivation is less studied. Here we report a study from an EU member state, Latvia, during years 2017–2018 regarding monitoring for the presence of GM seeds in certified seed and animal feed material. Eighty-two and 28 samples of seeds intended for
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Presence of unintended genetically modified organism contamination in food, feed, their additives and food supplements obtained in retail and online shops (Apr 2022)
In the present study a screening for GMO contamination in food, feed, their additives and food supplements obtained in retail and online shops in Latvia was performed. The total number of samples was 91. One sample was received from the Food and Veterinary Service Border Control Department. Four samples were purchased in stores of third countries goods in Riga, but the remaining samples were purchased in various stores or by ordering from these companies’ websites. A total of 67 food and 10 feed
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Risk Assessment Challenges of Synthetic Gene Drive Organisms (Mar 2020)
Summary: The Briefing highlights that the nature of gene drive organisms (GDOs) creates novel risks, while our understanding of any potential adverse impacts on the environment or human health is limited by critical knowledge gaps and uncertainties with regard to both intended and unintended effects. This current state of knowledge of gene drives exposes fundamental uncertainties and scientific knowledge gaps that prevent conduct of robust and reliable risk assessments. In addition, decision-mak
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Transferring the Laboratory to the Wild: An Emerging Era of Environmental Genetic Engineering (Nov 2019)
Summary: This briefing spotlights new genetic engineering techniques such as genome editing and new delivery techniques that have facilitated an emerging trend to genetically engineer organisms in the wild. This moves the engineering process to agroecosystems and beyond, essentially converting the environment into the laboratory.
The briefing presents examples of research and applications, including the development of gene drive organisms (GDOs), horizontal environmental genetic alteration agen
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Gene Drives: Legal and Regulatory Issues (Jun 2019)
Summary:
There is an urgent need for effective international and legally binding regulation of gene drive organisms (GDOs). Existing biosafety rules, established for ‘conventional’ genetically modified organisms (GMOs), are deficient and not fully equipped to manage the unique risks of GDOs. With GDOs, spread and persistence are their raison d’etre, posing different legal and regulatory challenges, because of their high potential to spread beyond national borders, particularly in the case of GDO
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Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 10: OECD Consensus Document on Environmental Considerations for the Release of Transgenic Plants (Jul 2023)
Volume 10 of the Series contains the consensus document on the “Environmental Considerations for Risk/Safety Assessment for the Release of Transgenic Plants” developed by the OECD Working Party on the Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology. Transgenic plant varieties are subject to official risk/safety assessment, science-based and case-by-case, before their potential release into the environment. The document contains general information on environmental risk/safety assessment,
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Bacterial Pesticidal Protein Database (Nov 2021)
The pesticidal protein database is part of the Bacterial Pesticidal Protein Resource Center. This database is intended to replace and extend the old Bacillus thuringiensis toxin nomenclature site. The database currently contains proteins listed in the Bt nomenclature site but with new mnemonics to reflect the assignment of proteins to different homology groups. New bacteria-derived proteins with pesticidal properties have also been added. This site allows users to find the best matches within th
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Effect of the Matrix and Target on the Accurate Quantification of Genomic and Plasmid DNA by Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (Jan 2023)
Abstract from article: In polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based nucleic acid quantification, the DNA template type, primer/probe sequence, and instrument platform such as real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR) affect the accuracy and reliability of quantitative results. In this study, a plasmid DNA (pDNA) pBI121-screening, genetically modified (GM) rice SDrice genomic DNA (gDNA), and GM rapeseed SDrape gDNA, all carrying the same 11 screening elements, were used to prepare samp
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In silico proposal of screening strategies for detecting EU authorised GMOs (Dec 2021)
Given the high number of GMOs currently authorised or whose authorisation is pending or has expired, it is necessary to implement an optimised strategy for screening food and feed samples in the EU market. The JRC GMO-Matrix web application, available on the website of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Food and Feed (EURL GMFF), may help designing such strategies. This web application provides in silico e-PCR predictions of the GM events possibly detected by the EU
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Proficiency of European GMO control laboratories to quantify MON89788 soybean in a meat pâté matrix (Oct 2022)
GMO control laboratories in the EU routinely monitor the presence and content of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and feed products collected from the EU market. As the vast majority of GMOs comprize genetically modified plants, most control samples have a plant-based origin. For the first time, a pilot proficiency test was organised requiring the analysis of GMOs in a meat matrix. Meat pâté, a product in which soybean is occasionally identified, was spiked with GM soybean event MON
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Are null segregants new combinations of heritable material and should they be regulated? (Jan 2023)
Through genome editing and other techniques of gene technology, it is possible to create a class of organism called null segregants. These genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are products of gene technology but are argued to have no lingering vestige of the technology after the segregation of chromosomes or deletion of insertions. From that viewpoint regulations are redundant because any unique potential for the use of gene technology to cause harm has also been removed. We tackle this questio
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Biosafety Technical Series 05: Training Manual on the Detection and Identification of Living Modified Organisms in the Context of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (Apr 2022)
Table of Contents: Module 1 - Overview of Biosafety and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety; Module 2 - Overview of the Detection and Identification of Living Modified Organisms; Module 3 - Sample Preparation and Extraction; Module 4 - Techniques for Detection and Identification; Module 5 - Introduction to Quality Assurance/Quality Control Standards and Module 6 - Reporting.
Biosafety of Genetic Engineering Activity. Detection and Identification of Genetically Engineered Organisms (Oct 2022)
Conservation of biological diversity and ensuring safety in genetic engineering activity are the most important tasks of environmental activity and the protection of human and animal health in the Republic of Belarus and aim to achieve progress in the implementation of the approach “One Health”. In 2002, the Republic of Belarus acceded to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity and it effectively fulfills its commitments under the Protocol. The monograph dea
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Compilado de información científica sobre los efectos nocivos del herbicida glifosato (Jul 2019)
La Comisión Intersecretarial de Bioseguridad de Organismos Genéticamente Modificados (CIBIOGEM) instancia del gobierno federal mexicano, responsable de formular y coordinar las políticas públicas en materia de bioseguridad de Organismos Genéticamente Modificados (OGM), a través de su Secretaría Ejecutiva (SEj) que funge como Punto Focal Nacional del Protocolo de Cartagena sobre Seguridad de la Biotecnología del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica y del Centro de Intercambio de Información sob
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Overview and detectability of the genetic modifications in ornamental plants (Feb 2020)
The market of ornamental plants is extremely competitive, and for many species genetic engineering can be used to introduce original traits of high commercial interest. However, very few genetically modified (GM) ornamental varieties have reached the market so far. Indeed, the authorization process required for such plants has a strong impact on the profitability of the development of such products. Considering the numerous scientific studies using genetic modification on ornamental species of i
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Database of genetically engineered argicultural crops (including genetic elements of the constructs) approved worldwide is supported by GenBit. The database includes also information on authorisation status of genetically modified crops in the Russian Federation and in the European Union (lines being under withdrawal process are not included).
The database does not include flowers (carnation, petunia, etc.), as well as lines, which have no information available on the transformation event and/o
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Registro Nacional de Bioseguridad de OGMs (May 2022)
Con fundamento en el artículo 109 de la Ley de Bioseguridad de los Organismos Genéticamente Modificados, el Registro Nacional de Bioseguridad de los OGM está a cargo de la Secretaría Ejecutiva de la CIBIOGEM y tiene por objeto la inscripción de la información relativa a las actividades con OGM, así como de los propios organismos. Su funcionamiento y lo que puede ser objeto de inscripción se determinarán en las disposiciones reglamentarias que deriven de esta Ley. La SEMARNAT, la SAGARPA y la SSA
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Ecosistema Nacional Informático de Bioseguridad de los Organismos Genéticamente Modificados (ENI-Bioseguridad) (Jul 2020)
La Secretaría Ejecutiva de la CIBIOGEM, desarrolla y actualiza el Sistema Nacional de Información sobre Bioseguridad (SNIB) y el Registro Nacional de Bioseguridad de los OGM (RNB), plataformas dedicadas a reunir y sintetizar documentos y bases de datos relevantes en materia de bioseguridad. El presente Ecosistema Informático de Bioseguridad muestra la información geográfica y estadística de las solicitudes de liberación al ambiente, con resolución favorable (permisos de liberación), entre los añ
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Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 9 - OECD Consensus Documents on the Biology of Crops: Apple, Safflower, Rice (May 2022)
Volume 9 of the Series compiles the biosafety consensus documents developed by the OECD Working Party on the Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology from 2019 to 2021. It deals with the biology of APPLE, SAFFLOWER and RICE, three important crops for agriculture and consumption worldwide. For each plant species, the book includes elements of taxonomy, morphology, centres of origin, life cycle, reproductive biology, genetics, outcrossing, crop production and cultivation practices, i
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Detection of genome edits in plants—from editing to seed (Sep 2021)
Genome editing (also known as gene editing) employs a range of tools such as Meganucleases, Zinc Finger Nucleases, TALENs, and more recently CRISPR to make defined changes in genes, regulatory sequences, untranslated regions, or intergenic regions. It is increasingly being applied in plant science research and to improve plant varieties. The benefits of having effective detection tools begin with optimization of the genome editing process itself and continue with selection and characterization o
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A Multiplex PCR System for the Screening of Genetically Modified (GM) Maize and the Detection of 29 GM Maize Events Based on Capillary Electrophoresis (Mar 2022)
The detection of genetically modified (GM) maize events is an inevitable necessity under the strict regulatory systems of many countries. To screen for GM maize events, we developed a multiplex PCR system to specifically detect 29 GM maize events as well as the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nos terminator, the Streptomyces viridochromogenes pat gene, and the endogenous zSSIIb maize reference gene. These targets were divided into five panels for screening an
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A simple electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive detection of transgenic soybean protein CP4-EPSPS in seeds (Oct 2021)
Soybean is the most produced crop in Argentina, and 99 % corresponds to genetically modified soybean. One of the main produced varieties is Roundup Ready® soybean (RR), which was modified to express the enzyme CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS), which confers resistance to glyphosate, the main herbicide worldwide used. The possible impact of genetically modified organisms (GMO) has generated public concerns, thus increasing interest in the development of GMOs detection d
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GMO Detection method Database (GMDD) (Jun 2008)
The GMO detection method database (GMDD) was set up by GMO Detection Laboratory in Shanghai Jiao Tong University (GMODL-SJTU) in collaboration with RIKILT, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Food and Drug Administration, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, and Shanghai University Bioinformation Center. This platform is funded by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology. The aim of our database is to
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