bch-gene-scbd-110890-1
|
1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase coding sequence |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) |
Brassica napus -
Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
|
Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the 2 position. This enzyme can utilize either acyl-CoA or acyl-ACP as the fatty acyl donor |
bch-gene-scbd-110888-1
|
1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase coding sequence |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) |
Escherichia coli -
ECOLX
|
Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the 2 position. This enzyme can utilize either acyl-CoA or acyl-ACP as the fatty acyl donor |
bch-gene-scbd-110889-1
|
1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase coding sequence |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) |
Limnanthes douglasii -
Douglas' meadowfoam, Poached egg plant, LIMDO
|
The lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase gene from Limnanthes douglasii catalyses the linkage of erucic acid to the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidic acid. Expression of LPAAT in the seeds of genetically modified oilseed rape leads to significantly increased levels of the trigyceride Trierucin. |
bch-gene-scbd-15012-5
|
1-amino-cyclopropane -1-carboxylic acid synthase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Ripening) |
Dianthus caryophyllus -
Carnation, DIACA
|
The ACC gene encodes for the carnation 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase which is required for normal ethylene biosynthesis which affects the rate of ripening in plants. |
bch-gene-scbd-15014-7
|
1-amino-cyclopropane -1-carboxylic acid synthase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Ripening) |
Solanum lycopersicum -
Tomato, SOLLC
|
The ACC gene encodes a truncated copy of the tomato 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase encoding gene in order to suppress expression of the endogenous unmodified gene (which is required for normal ethylene biosynthesis) through gene silencing. |
bch-gene-scbd-15013-4
|
1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Ripening) |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis -
PSECL
|
The ACCD gene encodes the enzyme ACCD. In the plant, this enzyme catalyzes metabolism of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-arboxylic acid (ACC), an essential precursor for the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene. |
bch-gene-scbd-111938-2
|
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase fragment |
Double-stranded RNA |
Ananas comosus -
Pineapple, ANACO
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-102612-3
|
16S rRNA gene promoter |
Promoter |
Brassica napus -
Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-102615-4
|
16S rRNA gene promoter |
Promoter |
Nicotiana tabacum -
Tobacco, TOBAC
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-116046-1
|
19-kDa zein gene terminator |
Terminator |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-111081-2
|
2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase 1 |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production,Selectable marker genes and reporter genes |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae -
Yeast, YEASX
|
In plant cells a glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG), is phosphorylated by hexokinase to form 2-DOG-6-phosphate, which competes with glucose-6-phosphate causing cell death through the inhibition of glycolysis, protein synthesis, cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and also protein glycosylation. DOGR1 gene, which has been isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain S288C, encodes 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. The enzyme has the ability to convert toxic 2-DOG-6-phosphate to non-toxic products through dephosphorylation. Therefore, transformed plant cells which carry the DOGR1 gene can be selected on medium containing 2-DOG. |
bch-gene-scbd-115829-2
|
27 kDa gamma-zein seed storage protein signal peptide |
Promoter |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-116051-1
|
27-kDA gamma zein terminator |
Terminator |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103622-5
|
27kD gamma-zein Promoter |
Promoter |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104339-3
|
2xOCS:35S Promoter |
Promoter |
-
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-15033-8
|
3"(9)-O-aminoglycoside adenyltransferase |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to antibiotics (Streptomycin) |
Escherichia coli -
ECOLX
|
The aadA gene confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics such as spectinomycin and streptomycin. The enzyme adenylates either the 3’-hydroxy on the amino-hexose III ring of streptomycin or the 9-hydroxyl on the actinamine ring of spectinomycin Typically used as a marker gene. |
bch-gene-scbd-114726-2
|
3' Noncoding region of Yellow fever virus |
Terminator |
Yellow fever virus -
YFV 17D
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115844-2
|
3' untranslated region of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase |
Terminator |
Setaria italica -
Foxtail millet, Italian millet
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115852-2
|
3' untranslated region of glycine-rich RNA binding-protein 3 |
Terminator |
Oryza sativa -
Rice, ORYSA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-114701-3
|
3' Untranslated region of Histone 4 |
Terminator |
Solanum tuberosum -
Potato, SOLTU
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115850-2
|
3' untranslated region of no apical meristem domain containing protein |
Terminator |
Oryza sativa -
Rice, ORYSA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-109068-1
|
30S ribosomal protein S16 gene terminator |
Terminator |
Nicotiana tabacum -
Tobacco, TOBAC
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-260479-1
|
3xP3 promoter |
Promoter |
Drosophila melanogaster -
Common Fruit Fly
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104793-3
|
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides |
Pseudomonas fluorescens -
PSEFL
|
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) catalyses the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate which is the aromatic precursor of tocopherol and plastoquinone, which are essential to the photosynthetic transport chain and antioxidative systems. This reaction involves decarboxylation, substituent migration and aromatic oxygenation in a single catalytic cycle. To enhance the protein's tolerance against HPPD inhibitors a point mutation was introduced into the coding sequence such that a replacement of the amino acid glycine with a tryptophane at position 336 was introduced, as described by Boudec et al. (2001) |
bch-gene-scbd-103900-3
|
4ocs∆Mas2' promoter |
Promoter |
-
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-114711-2
|
5' Noncoding region of Yellow fever virus |
5' Untranslated region |
Yellow fever virus -
YFV 17D
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-100354-6
|
5' untranslated leader from chlorophyll a/b-binding protein |
Leader sequence |
Triticum aestivum -
Wheat
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103886-2
|
5' Untranslated Leader of AMV RNA4 |
Leader |
Alfalfa mosaic virus -
Alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-101901-3
|
5' untranslated leader of chlorophyll a/b-binding protein |
Leader |
Petunia hybrida -
Petunia, PETHY
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-114699-2
|
5' Untranslated region from Potato Virus X |
5' Untranslated Region |
Potato virus X -
PVX
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115355-3
|
5' untranslated region of α-globulin B |
Promoter |
Gossypium hirsutum -
Cotton
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104947-3
|
5'e1 Leader |
Leader |
Oryza sativa -
Rice, ORYSA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-101026-4
|
5'e1 promoter |
Promoter |
Oryza sativa -
Rice, ORYSA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-259059-1
|
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase G10 |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) |
Deinococcus radiodurans R1 -
|
The protein catalyzes the transfer of the enolpyruvyl moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate to the 5-hydroxyl of shikimate-3-phosphate to produce enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. The protein is part of the shikimate biosynthetic pathway (aromatic amino acid biosynthesis) and does not bind the herbicide glyphosate with strong affinity (unlike endogenous EPSPS proteins in plants). Thus, when used in biotechnology, it can confer tolerance to glyphosate. Note: the sequence may have been modified from the aroA (epsps) gene sequence in Deinococcus radiodurans. |
bch-gene-scbd-14979-7
|
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens -
Agrobacterium
|
The cp4 epsps gene was isolated from the CP4 strain of the common soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens . The enzyme encoded by the sequence is a version of EPSPS that is highly tolerant to inhibition by glyphosate and therefore leads to increased tolerance to glyphosate-containing herbicides. The following reaction is catalyzed by EPSPS: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate Glyphosate specifically binds to and inactivates the enzyme EPSPS, which is part of an important plant biochemical pathway called the shikimate pathway. The shikimate pathway is involved in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, as well as other aromatic compounds. When plants are treated with glyphosate herbicides they cannot produce the aromatic amino acids that are essential to their survival and, therefore, die. LMOs containing the glyphosate-tolerant epsps gene allow farmers to use glyphosate-containing herbicides for weed control, which will kill the weeds but not the LMO. |
bch-gene-scbd-106246-1
|
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) |
Dickeya dadantii -
DICDA
|
Involved in EPSP biosynthesis. The aroA gene, which encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase , an enzyme of the common aromatic biosynthetic pathway, the enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The enzyme is a target for herbicides as these amino acids are only synthesized in plants and microorganisms. Glyphosate acts as a competitive inhibitor for phosphoenolpyruvate, as substrate of EPSPS, and is used as a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide. |
bch-gene-scbd-105184-2
|
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) |
Salmonella typhimurium -
SALTM
|
Involved in EPSP biosynthesis. The aroA gene, which encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase , an enzyme of the common aromatic biosynthetic pathway, the enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. |
bch-gene-scbd-103857-3
|
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase leader |
Leader |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-45463-4
|
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
The enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The enzyme is a target for herbicides as these amino acids are only synthesized in plants and microorganisms. Glyphosate acts as a competitive inhibitor for phosphoenolpyruvate, as substrate of EPSPS, and is used as a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide. |
bch-gene-scbd-101942-3
|
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) |
Arthrobacter globiformis -
Arthrobacter
|
The enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The enzyme is a target for herbicides as these amino acids are only synthesized in plants and microorganisms. Glyphosate acts as a competitive inhibitor for phosphoenolpyruvate, as substrate of EPSPS, and is used as a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide. |
bch-gene-scbd-45913-4
|
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) |
Escherichia coli -
ECOLX
|
Involved in EPSP biosynthesis. The aroA gene, which encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase , an enzyme of the common aromatic biosynthetic pathway, the enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The enzyme is a target for herbicides as these amino acids are only synthesized in plants and microorganisms. Glyphosate acts as a competitive inhibitor for phosphoenolpyruvate, as substrate of EPSPS, and is used as a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide. |
bch-gene-scbd-46333-8
|
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate) |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
The enzyme participates in biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The enzyme is a target for herbicides as these amino acids are only synthesized in plants and microorganisms. Glyphosate acts as a competitive inhibitor for phosphoenolpyruvate, as substrate of EPSPS, and is used as a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide. |
bch-gene-scbd-103911-3
|
5126 anther-specific promoter |
Promoter |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-110264-1
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase 1 gene promoter |
Promoter |
Brassica napus -
Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-110266-2
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase 1 gene terminator |
Terminator |
Brassica napus -
Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-110265-1
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase 1 gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Imidazolinone, Sulfonylurea) |
Brassica napus -
Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
|
AHAS is an essential enzyme for many organisms as it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine. |
bch-gene-scbd-110261-1
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase 3 gene Promoter |
Promoter |
Brassica napus -
Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-110262-1
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase 3 gene terminator |
Terminator |
Brassica napus -
Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-110260-1
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase 3 gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Imidazolinone, Sulfonylurea) |
Brassica napus -
Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA
|
AHAS is an essential enzyme for many organisms as it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine. |
bch-gene-scbd-15164-9
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene (Chimeric) |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Sulfonylurea) |
Nicotiana tabacum -
Tobacco, TOBAC
|
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of the essential amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine. Native ALS is normally inhibited by sulfonylurea herbicides. However S4-HrA is a chimeric gene derived from two different tobacco ALS genes that both encoded herbicide sensitive versions of ALS. Two resistance mutations were introduced into one of the ALS genes (Pro191Ala and Trp568Leu) via site directed mutagenesis. The DNA fragment containing the resistance mutations was then moved into the second ALS gene through a restriction enzyme fragment. |
bch-gene-scbd-103932-4
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene promoter |
Promoter |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104876-4
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene Promoter |
Promoter |
Oryza sativa -
Rice, ORYSA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103933-4
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene terminator |
Terminator |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103896-5
|
Acetohydroxy acid Synthase gene Terminator |
Terminator |
Glycine max -
Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-100390-7
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene terminator |
Terminator |
Nicotiana tabacum -
Tobacco, TOBAC
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104878-4
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene Terminator |
Terminator |
Oryza sativa -
Rice, ORYSA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-48073-8
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Imidazolinone, Sulfonylurea) |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
AHAS is an essential enzyme for many organisms as it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine. A common mutant form of the ahas gene was isolated from a herbicide-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana which differs from the wild type gene by only a single base pair. A "G" to "A" point mutation results in a single amino acid substitution in which the serine residue at position 653 is replaced by asparagine (S653N) Tests using the mutant isoform of the ahas gene showed that it confers tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides in plants. The ahas mutant isoform may, therefore, be used as a selectable marker in transgenic plants. |
bch-gene-scbd-100268-6
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Sulfonylurea) |
Glycine max -
Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase (also known as acetolactate synthase) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of the essential branched-chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine The gm-hra gene has been modified by site directed mutagenesis (P183A and W560L) from the native soybean als gene and encodes a version of the enzyme that is tolerant to als inhibitors such as sulfonylurea herbicide. It also contains 15 additional nucleotides from the native als gene 5'UTR. |
bch-gene-scbd-15177-7
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Chlorsulfuron, Sulfonylurea) |
Nicotiana tabacum -
Tobacco, TOBAC
|
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of the essential amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine. Native ALS is normally inhibited by sulfonylurea herbicides. However a naturally occurring mutation causes the production of an altered form of ALS (designated SuRB) that is insensitive to inhibition by sulfonylurea herbicides. |
bch-gene-scbd-104877-4
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Sulfonylurea) |
Oryza sativa -
Rice, ORYSA
|
AHAS is an essential enzyme for many organisms as it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine. A common mutant form of the ahas gene which differs from the wild type gene by two mutations W548L and S627I results in an enzyme that has tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides in plants. The ahas mutant isoform may, therefore, be used as a selectable marker in transgenic plants. |
bch-gene-scbd-104672-4
|
Acetohydroxy acid synthase promoter |
Promoter |
Nicotiana tabacum -
Tobacco, TOBAC
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103926-4
|
Acetohydroxyacid synthase gene promoter |
Promoter |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-48364-5
|
Acetohydroxyacid synthase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Sulfonylurea) |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
The acetolactate synthase enzyme (ALS) plays a key role in the biochemical pathways of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine. The application of ALS-inhibiting herbicides blocks this synthesis pathway. Lack of the aforementioned amino acids interferes with protein synthesis, causing the plant to die off.This gene encodes a modified acetolactate synthase, which confers tolerance to several acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides such as, for example, sulfonylurea. |
bch-gene-scbd-102613-4
|
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase large subunit |
Protein coding sequence | Homologous recombination |
Nicotiana tabacum -
Tobacco, TOBAC
|
ACC catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA is needed as a co-substrate in the fatty acids biosynthesis. |
bch-gene-scbd-104517-2
|
Actin 2 promoter |
Promoter |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115757-2
|
Actin 2 terminator |
Terminator |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103761-2
|
Actin 5c gene Promotor |
Promoter |
Drosophila melanogaster -
Common Fruit Fly
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103909-3
|
Actin 8 Intron 1 |
Intron |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103908-4
|
Actin 8 Leader sequence |
Leader sequence |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103907-3
|
Actin 8 promoter |
Promoter |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-110891-1
|
Acyl-(ACP) thioesterase type B gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) |
Cuphea lanceolata -
Cigar Flower
|
Catalysis of the reaction: RCO-SR' + H2O = RCOOH + HSR'. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a thiolester bond, an ester formed from a carboxylic acid and a thiol (i.e., RCO-SR'), such as that found in acetyl-coenzyme A. |
bch-gene-scbd-110892-1
|
Acyl-(ACP) thioesterase type B promoter |
Promoter |
Cuphea lanceolata -
Cigar Flower
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-110893-1
|
Acyl-(ACP) thioesterase type B terminator |
Terminator |
Cuphea lanceolata -
Cigar Flower
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-101362-4
|
Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase ClFatB4 |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids) |
Cuphea lanceolata -
Cigar Flower
|
Acyl-acyl carrier protein (Acyl-ACP) thioesterases (TE) hydrolyse the thioester ligation between the ACP (acyl carrier protein) and the synthesised acyl chain in fatty acid biosynthesis. Myristic and palmitic-[ACP] are substrates of the Cuphea lanceolata-derived enzyme which is encoded by the acyl-[ACP] thioesterase gene (ClFatB4). As a result of the formation of this enzyme the oil produced in the seeds of the genetically modified (GM) plants contains myristic acid (C14:0), and increased levels of palmitic acid (C16:0). Myristic and palmitic acids, the fatty acids formed by this enzyme occur naturally in some plant oils used for human consumption (e.g. coconut oil). There is currently no evidence pointing at a toxic effect from either the enzyme or the new metabolic product. When used in modern biotechnology the introduced acyl-[ACP] thiosterase is expected to catalyse a reaction similar to that of corresponding enzymes occuring naturally in the seeds of other (wild and cultivated) plant species. |
bch-gene-scbd-103920-1
|
Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase promoter |
Promoter |
Cuphea lanceolata -
Cigar Flower
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103921-1
|
Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase Terminator |
Terminator |
Cuphea lanceolata -
Cigar Flower
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115338-3
|
Acyl-homoserine lactonase CHB37 |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria),Resistance to Gram-negative bacteria |
Bacillus cereus CHB37 -
|
The enzyme hydrolyzes N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) molecules secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Erwinia mallotivora . AHLs have been determined to be the principle signalling molecule involved in quorum sensing (cell-to-cell communication) in Gram-negative bacteria and are essential for survival and regulation of virulence genes. Bacteria lacking AHLs are non-pathogenic. |
bch-gene-scbd-115339-1
|
Acyl-homoserine lactonase SP24 |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Bacteria),Resistance to Gram-negative bacteria |
Bacillus thuringiensis -
Bt, Bacillus, BACTU
|
The enzyme hydrolyzes N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) molecules secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Erwinia mallotivora . AHLs have been determined to be the principle signalling molecule involved in quorum sensing (cell-to-cell communication) in Gram-negative bacteria and are essential for survival and regulation of virulence genes. Bacteria lacking AHLs are non-pathogenic. |
bch-gene-scbd-115649-2
|
Acyl-lipid (7-3)-desaturase |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Lipid and fatty acids),Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) (Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. DHA)) |
Pavlova lutheri -
|
Acyl-lipid (7-3)-desaturase creates a double bond at the fourth position from the carboxyl end of docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3), converting it into docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3). The enzyme can additionally catalyze the conversion of 22:4n-6 into 22:5n-6 . |
bch-gene-scbd-110931-1
|
Acyl-lipid ∆12-desaturase coding sequence |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi),Tolerance to abiotic stress (Cold / Heat) |
Synechocystis sp. -
Cyanobacteria, SYNYX
|
Acyl-lipid desaturases introduce double bonds into fatty acid moieties that have been esterified to glycerolipids, which are located in the endoplasmic reticulum, the chloroplast membrane in plant cells and the thylakoid membrane in cyanobacterial cells. This type desaturase is the most efficient regulator of the unsaturation level of membrane lipids in response to temperature change In transgenic plants acyl-lipid ∆12-desaturase expression increases their tolerance to prolonged exposure of low positive temperatures and ensures resistance to fungal pathogens and wounding. |
bch-gene-scbd-111572-1
|
Adenylate kinase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Yield) |
Solanum tuberosum -
Potato, SOLTU
|
Adenylate kinases catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphates (ATP) to adenosine monophosphates (AMP) to yield adenosine diphosphates (ADP). Therefore the enzyme is essential for homeostasis of adenosine phosphates - maintaining the energetic equilibrium of the organism. |
bch-gene-scbd-106420-1
|
ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase gene promoter |
Promoter |
Solanum tuberosum -
Potato, SOLTU
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-109218-1
|
ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase gene terminator |
Terminator |
Oryza sativa -
Rice, ORYSA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104660-3
|
AHAS Chloroplast Transit Peptide |
Transit signal |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115846-2
|
Albino and pale green 6 target sequence |
Transit signal |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104337-2
|
Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1, intron 1 |
Intron |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103867-1
|
Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1, intron 2 |
Intron |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-103625-2
|
Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1, intron 6 |
Intron |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-110414-1
|
Alcohol dehydrogenase 5′UTR |
Enhancer |
Nicotiana tabacum -
Tobacco, TOBAC
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104870-2
|
Alcohol dehydrogenase gene 5'UTR |
Leader |
Oryza sativa -
Rice, ORYSA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-111202-1
|
Alcohol dehydrogenase I promoter |
Promoter |
Aspergillus nidulans -
EMEND
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115247-2
|
Alcohol dehydrogenase intron |
Intron |
Drosophila melanogaster -
Common Fruit Fly
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-106441-1
|
Alcohol oxidase 1 gene promoter |
Promoter |
Pichia pastoris -
Yeast, PICPA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-106442-1
|
Alcohol oxidase 1 gene terminator |
Terminator |
Pichia pastoris -
Yeast, PICPA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-111201-1
|
alcR transactivator gene |
Protein coding sequence | Transcription regulation |
Aspergillus nidulans -
EMEND
|
The alcR gene of Aspergillus nidulans encodes a protein with a zinc finger motif, the AlcR activator protein/ AlcR transactivator. In the presence of ethanol, AlcR specifically binds DNA motifs of the ethanol regulon of A.nidulans, inducing the expression of the genes of this regulon. This ethanol pathway is a highly inducible gene system, the so-called alc system, responsible for the utilization of ethanol as sole source of carbon in A.nidulans. |
bch-gene-scbd-111593-1
|
Alkaline phosphatase transit peptide |
Transit signal |
Escherichia coli -
ECOLX
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-116048-1
|
All-stop codon sequence |
Terminator |
-
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-108877-1
|
Alpha Tubulin Gene promoter |
Promoter |
Oryza sativa -
Rice, ORYSA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-108880-1
|
Alpha Tubulin Gene terminator |
Terminator |
Oryza sativa -
Rice, ORYSA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-112606-1
|
Alpha-amylase 3 gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) |
Manihot esculenta -
Cassava, Brazilian arrowroot, Yuca, Manioc, Mandioca, MANES
|
The plastidial alpha amylase gene (AMY3) is involved in the release of branched malto‐olicosaccharides from the starch granule. |
bch-gene-scbd-104334-2
|
Alpha-amylase gene promoter |
Promoter |
Hordeum vulgare -
Barley, HORVU
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-109359-2
|
Alpha-amylase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Carbohydrates) |
Bacillus licheniformis -
BACLI
|
Alpha–amylase helps to degrade starch by hydrolysing the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds of oligo- and polysaccharides. Besides in bacteria, it is also found in fungi, higher plants and animals. Amylase is commonly used in the fermentation and baking industry. The transferred alpha–amylase from B. licheniformis is characterised by high heat resistance and a broad pH optimum. |
bch-gene-scbd-111543-1
|
Alpha-amylase signal peptide |
Transit signal |
Hordeum vulgare -
Barley, HORVU
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-105057-3
|
Alpha-amylase |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Reproduction, Male sterility) |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
Alpha-amylases belong to a family of glycosyl-hydrolases catalyzing hydrolysis of (1-4)-α-Dglucosidic linkages in polysaccharide molecules, such as starch. |
bch-gene-scbd-106425-1
|
Alpha-glucan water dikinase R1 gene promoter |
Promoter |
Solanum tuberosum -
Potato, SOLTU
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-46091-2
|
Alpha-hordothionine gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Fungi) |
Hordeum vulgare -
Barley, HORVU
|
Thionins are a class of small(45– 47 amino acids), anti fungal, highly basic, cysteine-rich proteins. An in vitro type-1 α-HTH treatment of Neurospora crassa hyphae resulted in increased calcium ion uptake and permeabilization of the fungal membrane, leading to rupture. |
bch-gene-scbd-111203-2
|
Amino acid permease 1 gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) |
Solanum tuberosum -
Potato, SOLTU
|
AAP1 in involved in the long-distance transport of amino acids from leaves to tubers. A reduced expression of CS-aap1-SOLTU in the source leaves of transgenic potatoes leads to a reduction of the amino acid content in the tubers. |
bch-gene-scbd-48368-4
|
Amino acid permease 1 gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) |
Vicia faba -
Broad Bean, Tick Bean, Windsor Bean, Horse Bean, Pigeon Bean, Field Bean
|
The Vfaap1 gene from Vicia faba encodes an amino acid permease. Amino acid permeases transport amino acids from the plant vascular tissue into the symplasts of plant cells. They are differentially expressed according to plant development and tissue, and exhibit a range of specificity patterns for amino acids. In the donor organism, Vicia faba, the Vfaa1 gene is expressed predominantly in the storage parenchyma cells of the cotyledons in developing seeds, particularly in early development. The strongest expression of Vfaap1 precedes the beginning of the expression of storage protein genes. VfAAP1 mediates the transport of a range of amino acids (mainly cysteine, arginine, glutamine, serine, leucine, methionine, histidine, glycine and threonine) with particular emphasis on cysteine. |
bch-gene-scbd-103860-1
|
Amino acid permease 1 Terminator |
Terminator |
Vicia faba -
Broad Bean, Tick Bean, Windsor Bean, Horse Bean, Pigeon Bean, Field Bean
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-111295-1
|
Amino acid permease 2 gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) |
Solanum tuberosum -
Potato, SOLTU
|
AAP2 is thought to be involved in the long-distance transport of amino acids from leaves to tubers. |
bch-gene-scbd-104887-2
|
Aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Ripening) |
Carica papaya -
Papaya, Pawpaw, Papaw, CARPA
|
ACO2, encoding for the ACC oxidase enzyme, plays an important role in ethylene biosynthesis pathway. It oxidises 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate in the presence of ascorbate and oxygen to produce ethylene gas which has a role in the fruit ripening process. |
bch-gene-scbd-14967-2
|
Aminoglycoside 3 phosphotransferase II |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to antibiotics (Kanamycin),Selectable marker genes and reporter genes |
Escherichia coli -
ECOLX
|
The aphII gene confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin. Typically used as a marker gene. |
bch-gene-scbd-14966-7
|
amy797E alpha amylase |
Protein coding sequence | Thermostable alpha-amylase,Use in industrial applications (Biofuel production) |
Thermococcales spp. -
Thermococcus
|
The amy797E gene encodes a thermostable alpha-amylase. Alpha-amylases catalyse the hydrolysis of starch by cleaving the internal alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds of starch into dextrins, maltose and glucose (saccharification). Splitting starch into sugar is the first step in producing bioethanol from plants. Plants like maize naturally contain their own amylases. They get destroyed, however, when maize is subjected to high temperatures for ethanol production. Typically, supplemental amylase preparations must be added. Heat stable amalyse makes this step unneccessary. |
bch-gene-scbd-114712-2
|
Anchored core protein C |
Protein coding sequence |
Yellow fever virus -
YFV 17D
|
Anchored protein C (ancC) binds the host cell membrane and gathers the viral RNA genome to form the core of the mature viral particles. During viral entry into the host cell, the protein may induce genome penetration into host cytoplasm. Furthermore, ancC can migrate to the nucleus to modulate host functions. AncC (nucleotide position 119..481) also contains protein C (nucleotide position 119..421), which is produced upon further processing by the host cell and interferes with host Dicer to prevent RNA interference. |
bch-gene-scbd-105427-1
|
Anthocyanidin synthase gene promoter |
Promoter |
Dianthus caryophyllus -
Carnation, DIACA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-105424-1
|
Anthocyanidin synthase gene terminator |
Terminator |
Dianthus caryophyllus -
Carnation, DIACA
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-110487-1
|
Anthocyanin 3-aromatic acyltransferase gene promoter |
Promoter |
Perilla frutescens -
Perilla, Beefsteak mint, Chinese basil, Shiso-zoku, PERFR
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-110411-1
|
Anthocyanin 3-aromatic acyltransferase gene terminator |
Terminator |
Perilla frutescens -
Perilla, Beefsteak mint, Chinese basil, Shiso-zoku, PERFR
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-43794-3
|
Anthocyanin 5-acyltransferase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Pigmentation / Coloration) |
Torenia sp. -
Torenia hybrid, Wishbone flowers, Blue Wings, TOREN
|
Anthocyanin 5-acyltransferase is an enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway that alters the production of a type of anthocyanin called delphinidin. |
bch-gene-scbd-105436-1
|
Anthocyanin-3',5'-methyltransferase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanin), Pigmentation / Coloration) |
Torenia sp. -
Torenia hybrid, Wishbone flowers, Blue Wings, TOREN
|
Anthocyanin-3',5'-methyltransferase (AMT) methylates delphinidin-3-glucoside to produce petunidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside. |
bch-gene-scbd-104722-2
|
Antifreeze Polypeptide Promoter |
Promoter |
Zoarces americanus -
Ocean pout, Poodler, Mother-of-eels, Muttonfish, North-Atlantic ocean pout, ZOAAM
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104724-2
|
Antifreeze Polypeptide Terminator |
Terminator |
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha -
Chinook Salmon, King Salmon, ONCTS
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-48365-2
|
Apyrase-gene |
Protein coding sequence | Other growth, development and product quality |
Solanum tuberosum -
Potato, SOLTU
|
Apyrases are enzymes that transform NTP (nucleoside triphosphates) via NDP to NMP without triggering an endergonic reaction in the process. These enzymes have been identified in the tissues of animals, plants (among others in Arabidopsis thaliana, legumes and potatoes) and fungi and apparently have predominantly regulatory functions. Double knockout mutations of both apyrase genes from A. thaliana inhibit pollen germination and give rise to male sterile plants. Apyrases play a role in the formation of nodules in leguminous plants, and are also thought to be involved in phosphate uptake. Regulation of transporters that, amongst other things, facilitate the transport of xenobiotics out of the plant cell has been demonstrated for plant apyrases. The blocking of apyrase by specific inhibitors increases the sensitivity of the plants to different herbicides, as well as the concentration of the applied herbicides in the plants. Over-expression of the apyrase psNTP9 from Pisum sativum in A. thaliana increases the resistance of the plants to herbicides and phytohormones. Apyrase activity in the potato tubers is very high and is probably localised in the area of the cell wall. Together with other enzymes that influence the ATP/ADP/AMP ratio, apyrase activity is suspected to have a regulatory effect on starch biosynthesis in the potato tubers. |
bch-gene-scbd-114695-4
|
Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiania tabacum chimeric Rubisco activase |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in physiology and/or production (Growth rate, Yield),Increased photosynthetic rate,Tolerance to abiotic stress (Cold / Heat) |
Nicotiana tabacum -
Tobacco, TOBAC
|
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubsico) activase (RCase) facilitates activation of and the maintenance of Rubisco activity by using ATP hydrolysis to release tightly bound sugar phosphates from the catalytic sites of Rubisco. Tobacco ( N. tabacum ) RCase is known for being heat stable, thus the chimeric protein was created to confer thermostability to the protein. A domain consisting of residues 267–334 in tobacco RCase were replaced by the corresponding Arabidopsis domain. Previously, overexpression of this chimeric protein promoted better growth and higher rates of photosynthesis under high temperatures. |
bch-gene-scbd-115644-1
|
Arcelin-5 promoter |
Promoter |
Phaseolus vulgaris -
String bean, French bean, Kidney bean, Common Bean, PHAVU
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115646-1
|
Arcelin-5 terminator |
Terminator |
Phaseolus vulgaris -
String bean, French bean, Kidney bean, Common Bean, PHAVU
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115648-1
|
Argonaute 4 intron |
Intron |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104941-3
|
ArsR binding site |
Binding Site |
Escherichia coli -
ECOLX
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104939-2
|
ArsR gene |
Protein coding sequence | Tolerance to abiotic stress |
Escherichia coli -
ECOLX
|
The gene arsR stems from the E. coli-specific plasmid R773 and encodes for a transcriptional regulator with binding sites for arsenic compounds. It is a repressor protein that binds to its promoter in the absence of arsenic compounds therefore repressing the expression of downstream genes. Arsenic compounds that are taken up by bacterial cells form a complex with ArsR, thereby allosterically preventing the association of ArsR with the promoter. Thus, the transcription of downstream genes is induced. |
bch-gene-scbd-104940-2
|
ArsR Promoter |
Promoter |
Escherichia coli -
ECOLX
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-104805-2
|
Aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides |
Delftia acidovorans -
DELAC
|
The AAD-12 protein is an enzyme with an alpha ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity which results in metabolic inactivation of the herbicides of the aryloxyalkanoate family. |
bch-gene-scbd-104812-3
|
Aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase gene |
Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides,Tolerance to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,Tolerance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate |
Sphingobium herbicidovorans -
SPHHE
|
The aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase (AAD-1) enzyme is able to degrade the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) and aryloxyphenoxypropionates (AOPP) herbicides, in an alpha.-ketoglutarate-dependent, enantiospecific manner. |
bch-gene-scbd-106421-1
|
Asparagine synthetase-1 gene |
Protein coding sequence | Changes in quality and/or metabolite content (Protein and amino acids) |
Solanum tuberosum -
Potato, SOLTU
|
Asparagine synthetase is an enzyme that generates asparagine from aspartate. |
bch-gene-scbd-115261-4
|
At1g01170 intron |
Intron |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115631-1
|
At1g62290 locus intron |
Intron |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115347-2
|
At1g65090 intron |
Intron |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115270-3
|
At5g63190 intron |
Intron |
Arabidopsis thaliana -
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115117-2
|
ATM protein kinase |
Protein coding sequence | Impaired DNA repair mechanisms,Sensitivity to DNA damaging agents |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to serine or threonine residues and is activated upon perception of genotoxic stresses (e.g. ionizing radiation). ATM primarily responds to double stranded DNA breaks. The kinase phosphorylates histone variant H2AX to form H2AXS139ph at double strand breaks. The protein becomes activated in response to stress-induced damage in somatic cells and DNA damage during meiosis. ATM has also been implicated in cellular responses to telomere dysfunction. ATM works synergistically with RUG3 during the DNA damage response. |
bch-gene-scbd-114702-1
|
ATPase terminator |
Terminator |
Solanum lycopersicum -
Tomato, SOLLC
|
|
bch-gene-scbd-115116-2
|
ATR serine/threonine kinase |
Protein coding sequence | Impaired DNA repair,Sensitivity to DNA damaging agents |
Zea mays -
Maize, Corn, MAIZE
|
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR (ATR) catalyzes the addition of a phosphorate to serine or threonine residues. The protein plays a central role in cell-cycle regulation at the G2 phase checkpoint in response to single stranded DNA, DNA damage, and/or a replication block, but is not required for G2-arrest. This protein functions by transmitting DNA damage signals to downstream effectors of cell-cycle progression. Research has suggested that ATR may phosphorylate histone variant H2AX to form H2AXS139ph at sites of DNA damage to regulate the DNA damage response mechanism. ATR is also required for the basal expression of RNR1 (ribonucleotide reductase large subunit) and for effective immune responses that involve the activation of DNA damage responses, as well as acting with telomerase to maintain telomeric DNA tracts. However, ATR is not required for telomere length homeostasis. |
bch-gene-scbd-108282-1
|
Atrial natriuretic factor coding sequence |
Protein coding sequence | Production of medical or pharmaceutical compounds (human or animal) |
Homo sapiens -
HUMAN
|
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a powerf |