Table of Contents:

Executive Summary

I. Purpose and Need
A. Introduction
  1. History of Infestations
  2. Fruit Fly Sterile Insect Technique History
  3. Fruit Fly Control Methods Development
  4. Pink Bollworm Sterile Insect Technique History
  5. Cooperative Control Programs
B. Purpose and Need for Action
  1. Purpose
  2. Need
  3. Authority to Take Action
  4. Statutory Authority
C. Scope and Focus of the Environmental Impact Statement
  1. Hosts and Potential Hosts
  2. Potential Locations for Program Activities
  3. Potential Sites for Rearing Facilities
  4. Potential Actions to Consider
D. Programmatic Analysis and Application-specific Review

II. Alternatives
A. Introduction
B. Description of Alternatives
  1. No Action
  2. Expansion of Existing Programs
  3. Integration of Genetically Engineered Insects into Programs
C. Component Methods of the No Action and Expansion of Current Program Alternatives
D. Component Methods of the Preferred Alternative
E. Potential Alternatives and Components Not Analyzed in Detail
  1. Use of Genetically Engineered Transgenes
  2. Nonuse of Autocidal Gene for Pink Bollworm
  3. Pink Bollworm Program without Genetic Engineering
  4. Pink Bollworm Control without Sterile Insect Technique

III. Affected Environment
A. Host Plant Ranges
  1. Mexican Fruit Fly (Anastrepha ludens)
  2. Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata)
  3. Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis)
  4. Pink Bollworm
B. Comparative Wild Nongenetically Engineered Insect and Genetically Engineered Insect Biology
  1. Pink Bollworm Fitness or Performance Testing in 2007
  2. Research and Development Plans
C. Description of the Affected Environment
  1. Ecoregions of the Potential Program Area
  2. The Physical Environment
  3. The Human Population
  4. Nontarget Species

IV. Environmental Consequences
A. Program Alternatives
  1. No Action
  2. Expansion of Existing Programs7
  3. Integration of Genetically Engineered Insects into Programs
  4. Potential Cumulative Impacts
B. Special Programmatic Considerations
  1. Applicable Environmental Statutes
  2. Special Concerns
  3. Logistical Considerations for Mass-rearing and Quality Control
  4. Program Mitigations and Risk Reduction Strategies
  5. Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources
  6. Program Monitoring
  7. APHIS Regulatory Oversight of Genetically Engineered Insects in Control Programs