Indian mustard

Brown mustard

Chinese mustard

Leaf mustard

Vegetable mustard

Mustard greens

BRAJU

Russia and Central Asia

Brassica juncea grows in many environments (Boreal to tropical wet zones), tolerating precipitation between 500 and 4200 mm, temperatures between 6 and 27°C and soil pH  between 4.3 and 8.3. Brown mustard tolerates light shade. Ideal conditions for the mustard are organically rich, well-drained soils in full sun.

The species is distributed worldwide, expect for northern and polar regions with temperatures below 6°C.

Brassica juncea is a natural amphidiploid hybrid (AABB genome, 2n = 36) of Brassica rapa (AA genome, 2n = 20) and Brassica nigra (BB genome, 2n=16). The  species is mainly self-pollinated, but 20-30% cross-pollination was reported. Inter-specific crosses are possible between B. juncea and other mustard relatives. However, most hybridization events have required human intervention to achieve.

Brown mustard has been listed as a weed species.
The species is fast growing and has a broad range of  growing environments.

Brown mustard is grown primarily for culinary purposes (edible leaves, stems and seed; cooking oil from the seeds). The essential oils from the seeds have been used in ethno-botany.