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Living Modified Organism (LMO)
The image below identifies the LMO through its unique identifier, trade name and a link to this page of the BCH. Click on it to download a larger image on your computer. For help on how to use it go to the LMO quick-links page.
YieldGard™ Roundup Ready™ maize
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Bt11 x GA21
Yes
SYN-BTØ11-1 × MON-ØØØ21-9
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Organization:Syngenta ()Phone:Fax:Email:Website: http://www.syngentaseeds.com,
The hybrid maize line Bt11 x GA21 expresses three novel genes: the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, which produces the delta-endotoxin Cry1Ab and confers resistance to lepidopterans, the pat gene which confers tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium, and a modified maize epsps gene which confers tolerance to glyphosate-containing herbicides.
EN
The term “Recipient organism” refers to an organism (either already modified or non-modified) that was subjected to genetic modification, whereas “Parental organisms” refers to those that were involved in cross breeding or cell fusion.
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BCH-ORGA-SCBD-246-6 Organism Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)Crops
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BCH-LMO-SCBD-14794-18 Living Modified Organism MON-ØØØ21-9 - Roundup Ready™ maizeMonsanto | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate)
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BCH-LMO-SCBD-14797-15 Living Modified Organism SYN-BTØ11-1 - YieldGard™ maizeResistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)), Resistance to herbicides (Glufosinate)
Inbred corn lines developed by Syngenta
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pZO1502 and pDPG434
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- Cross breeding
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Some of these genetic elements may be present as fragments or truncated forms. Please see notes below, where applicable.
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-14985-12 Cry1Ab | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt, Bacillus, BACTU)Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths))
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-15002-4 Phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase gene | Streptomyces viridochromogenes (STRVR)Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glufosinate)
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-100364-5 Rice actin 1 gene promoter | Oryza sativa (Rice, ORYSA)Promoter
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-100355-6 Rice actin 1, intron | Oryza sativa (Rice, ORYSA)Intron
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-101419-4 Optimized Transit PeptideTransit signal
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-100269-8 Nopaline Synthase Gene Terminator | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Agrobacterium)Terminator
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-100287-7 CaMV 35S promoter | Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)Promoter
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-103625-3 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1, intron 6 | Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)Intron
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-46333-8 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase | Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate)
The parent Bt11 line of maize was developed to resist European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) by producing its own insecticide. This event was genetically engineered through introduction of the cry1Ab gene, isolated from the common soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The cry1Ab gene produces the insect control protein Cry1Ab, a delta-endotoxin. The Cry1Ab protein expressed in Bt11 is identical to that found in nature and in commercial Bt spray formulations. Cry proteins, of which Cry1Ab is only one, act by selectively binding to specific sites localized on the lining of the midgut of susceptible insect species. Following binding, pores are formed that disrupt midgut ion flow, causing gut paralysis and eventual death from bacterial sepsis. Cry1Ab is lethal only when eaten by the larvae of lepidopteran insects (moths and butterflies), and its specificity of action is directly attributable to the presence of specific binding sites in the target insects. There are no binding sites for delta-endotoxins of B. thuringiensis on the surface of mammalian intestinal cells, therefore, livestock animals and humans are not susceptible to these proteins.
In addition to insect resistance, Bt11 was developed to allow for the use of glufosinate ammonium, the active ingredient in phosphinothricin herbicides (Basta®, Rely®, Liberty®, and Finale®) as a weed control option, and as a breeding tool for selecting plants containing the cry1Ab gene. Bt11 contains the pat gene, isolated from a common soil actinomycete Streptomyces viridochromogenes. This gene allows for the production of the enzyme phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) which confers tolerance to glufosinate. The PAT enzyme in maize line Bt11 converts L-phosphinothricin (PPT), the active ingredient in glufosinate ammonium, to an inactive form. In the absence of PAT, application of glufosinate leads to reduced production of the amino acid glutamine and increased ammonia levels in the plant tissues, resulting in the death of the plant. The PAT enzyme is not known to have any toxic properties.
The parent GA21 line of maize was genetically engineered, by particle acceleration (biolistic) transformation, to be tolerant of glyphosate-containing herbicides. The isolated endogenous maize epsps gene was modified through site-directed mutagenesis, such that its encoded enzyme was insensitive to inactivation by glyphosate, and inserted into the inbred AT maize variety. The modified maize line permits farmers to use glyphosate-containing herbicides for weed control in the cultivation of maize.
Glyphosate specifically binds to and inactivates the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which is part of an important plant biochemical pathway called the shikimate pathway. The shikimate pathway is involved in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, as well as other aromatic compounds. When conventional plants are treated with glyphosate they cannot produce the aromatic amino acids essential to their survival. The EPSPS enzyme is present in all plants, bacteria and fungi, but not in animals, which do not synthesize their own aromatic amino acids. Thus, EPSPS is normally present in foods derived from plant and microbial sources.
EN
In addition to insect resistance, Bt11 was developed to allow for the use of glufosinate ammonium, the active ingredient in phosphinothricin herbicides (Basta®, Rely®, Liberty®, and Finale®) as a weed control option, and as a breeding tool for selecting plants containing the cry1Ab gene. Bt11 contains the pat gene, isolated from a common soil actinomycete Streptomyces viridochromogenes. This gene allows for the production of the enzyme phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) which confers tolerance to glufosinate. The PAT enzyme in maize line Bt11 converts L-phosphinothricin (PPT), the active ingredient in glufosinate ammonium, to an inactive form. In the absence of PAT, application of glufosinate leads to reduced production of the amino acid glutamine and increased ammonia levels in the plant tissues, resulting in the death of the plant. The PAT enzyme is not known to have any toxic properties.
The parent GA21 line of maize was genetically engineered, by particle acceleration (biolistic) transformation, to be tolerant of glyphosate-containing herbicides. The isolated endogenous maize epsps gene was modified through site-directed mutagenesis, such that its encoded enzyme was insensitive to inactivation by glyphosate, and inserted into the inbred AT maize variety. The modified maize line permits farmers to use glyphosate-containing herbicides for weed control in the cultivation of maize.
Glyphosate specifically binds to and inactivates the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which is part of an important plant biochemical pathway called the shikimate pathway. The shikimate pathway is involved in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, as well as other aromatic compounds. When conventional plants are treated with glyphosate they cannot produce the aromatic amino acids essential to their survival. The EPSPS enzyme is present in all plants, bacteria and fungi, but not in animals, which do not synthesize their own aromatic amino acids. Thus, EPSPS is normally present in foods derived from plant and microbial sources.
EN
- SYN-BTØ11-1 - EU Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (EURL-GMFF) [ English ]
- MON-ØØØ21-9 - EU Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (EURL-GMFF) [ English ]
- MON-ØØØ21-9 - EU Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (EURL-GMFF) ( JRC ) [ English ]
- SYN-BTØ11-1 - EU Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (EURL-GMFF) ( JRC ) [ English ]
- SYN-BTØ11-1 - CropLife International Detection Methods Database ( CropLife ) [ English ]
- MON-ØØØ21-9 - CropLife International Detection Methods Database ( CropLife ) [ English ]
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Bt11 x GA21 is a product of traditional plant breeding, and therefore is not automatically subject to regulation in all jurisdictions as are transgenic plants resulting from recombinant DNA technologies. Certain jurisdictions may request notification in advance of the release of a stacked hybrid, or may request information to conduct an environmental and food safety assessment.
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- OECD Biotrack Product Database [ English ]
- CERA GM Database [ English ]
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