Conservation of biological diversity and ensuring safety in genetic engineering activity are the most important tasks of environmental activity and the protection of human and animal health in the Republic of Belarus and aim to achieve progress in the implementation of the approach “One Health”. In 2002, the Republic of Belarus acceded to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity and it effectively fulfills its commitments under the Protocol. The monograph deals with international and national legal regulation in the field of biosafety both in general sense and in relation to its key sphere ― genetically engineered organisms (GEO) detection. Cutting-edge methodological approaches that allow effective GEO monitoring are deliberated, the issues related to the detection of new GEO generations are examined, databases and databanks and their role in assisting of laboratory GEO detection are considered. Issues that may in the near future have an important impact both on GEO detection and identification spheres and biosafety in general are touched upon. The monograph in Russian and English is destined for specialists who evaluate the quality of food, feed, and seed material, scientists, university professors, PhD students, Master’s students, students, as well as for everyone who is interested in the issues dealing with GEO development and ensuring of safety in genetic engineering activity.