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Most LMOs are subject to the provisions of the Protocol. An exception are LMOs that are pharmaceuticals for humans AND addressed by other international organizations or agreements.


LMOs subject to the provisions of the Protocol

All LMOs which may have adverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health (Article 4).

LMOs excluded from the Protocol’s provisions on transboundary movements

LMOs that are pharmaceuticals for humans that are addressed by other international organizations or agreements (Article 5). Source: IUCN (2003).