Knowledge of the tools available for the unique identification of each LMO, both via documentation and using scientific methodology to determine the presence of the genetic modification in a given plant.

With regard to the identification of the LMO, the following are important points to consider:

• Unique identifiers – A Unique identifier is a code provided by the LMO developer to a transformation event derived from recombinant DNA techniques to enable its unequivocal identification. Each unique identifier is made up of a sequence of 9 alphanumeric digits, for example MON-89788-1, assigned according to the OECD guidance document (OECD, 2006).

• Detection and identification methods – The availability of methods for detection and identification of the LMO may be considered as well as their specificity, sensitivity and reliability. This information may be relevant not only for assessing risks but also when considering possible monitoring and risk management strategies (see Module 4). Some regulatory frameworks require a description of such methods as a condition for regulatory approval in order to ensure the tools to assist with monitoring and risk management are available.

The Biosafety Clearing-House of the Cartagena Protocol maintains an LMO registry containing, amongst other things, information on unique identifiers, molecular characteristics and available detection methods for the LMOs addressed in countries’ decisions.