Selected Readings

The following is a non-exhaustive list of suggested reading materials relevant to the discussion topics. The purpose of this list is to assist in the discussions. The views expressed therein do not reflect the views of the Secretariat. Forum participants are invited to suggest new reading material by sending it to the Secretariat by email (riskassessment.forum@cbd.int) and specifying the topic in which it should be included.

Index for the ongoing Discussion Groups (23 November - 7 December 2009)

Go to the ongoing Discussion Groups

• Testing of the Roadmap for Risk Assessment
• Further drafting of the guidance on risk assessment and risk management of LMOs with stacked genes or traits
• Further drafting of the guidance on risk assessment and risk management of LM crops with resistance or tolerance to abiotic stress
• Further drafting of the guidance on risk assessment and risk management of LM mosquitoes

Go to the selected readings for previous Discussion Groups

Testing of the Roadmap for Risk Assessment

• Robust methodologies for ecological risk assessment: Best practice and current practice in ecological risk assessment for genetically modified organisms by CSIRO
• Conceptualizing risk assessment methodology for genetically modified organisms by R. Hill
• Guidance document for the risk assessment of genetically modified plants and derived food and feed by EFSA
• Animal Health Risk Analysis Framework for Biotechnology-Derived Animals by CFIA (also available in French)

Go to the top of this page | Go to this Discussion Group

Further drafting of the guidance on risk assessment and risk management of LMOs with stacked genes or traits

• Austrian Federal Environment Agency (2007) Risk assessment of "stacked events".
• Belgium Biosafety Advisory Council (2007) Guidelines for GM stacked events to be placed on the market.
• CropLife International (2005) Regulation of plant biotechnology products containing two or more traits combined by conventional plant breeding.
• De Schrijver A, Devosb Y, Van den Bulckea M, Cadotc P, De Loosed M, Reheulb D, Sneyersa M (2006) Risk assessment of GM stacked events obtained from crosses between GM events. Trends in Food Science & Technology 18: 101-109.
• EuropaBio. Evaluation of crops containing GM events combined by traditional breeding.
• European Food Safety Authority (2007) Guidance Document for the risk assessment of genetically modified plants containing stacked transformation events by the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). EFSA Journal 512: 1-5.
• European Food Safety Authority. Risk assessment of plants containing genetic modification events combined by crossing.
• Halpin C (2005) Gene stacking in transgenic plants – the challenge for 21st century plant biotechnology. Plant Biotechnology Journal 3: 141–155.
• Zhao J-Z, Cao, Collins HL, Bates SL, Roush RT, Earle ED, Shelton AM (2005) Concurrent use of transgenic plants expressing a single and two Bacillus thuringiensis genes speeds insect adaptation to pyramided plants. PNAS 102: 8426-8430.

Go to the top of the page | Go to this Discussion Group

Further drafting of the guidance on risk assessment and risk management of LM crops with resistance or tolerance to abiotic stress

• Lu B–R (2008) Transgene escape from GM crops and potential biosafety consequences: an environmental perspective Collection of Biosafety Reviews 4: 66-141.
• Motavalli PP, Kremerb RJ, Fanga M, Meansa NE (2004) Impact of genetically modified crops and their management on soil microbially mediated plant nutrient transformations. Journal of Environmental Quality 33: 816-824.
• Nickson TE (2008) Planning environmental risk assessment for genetically modified crops: problem formulation for stress-tolerant crops. Plant Physiol 147: 494–502.
• OGTR (2005) Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plan for DIR 053/2004 - Field trial of genetically modified salt tolerant wheat on saline land.
• OGTR (2008) Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plan for DIR 080/2007 - Limited and controlled release of wheat genetically modified for drought tolerance.

Go to the top of the page | Go to this Discussion Group

Further drafting of the guidance on risk assessment and risk management of LM mosquitoes

• Gould F, Magori K, Huang YX (2006) Genetic strategies for controlling mosquito-borne diseases. American Scientist 94: 238-246.
• IAEA (2006) Status and risk assessment of the use of transgenic arthropods in plant protection.
• Knols BGJ, Bossin HC, Mukabana WR, Robinson AS (2007) Transgenic mosquitoes and the fight against malaria: managing technology push in a turbulent GMO world. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygine 77(Suppl 6): 232–242.
• WHO (2009) Planning meetings on Progress and Prospects for the Use of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes to Prevent Disease Transmission: Meeting 1. Technical Consultations on the Current Status and Planning for Future Development. Geneva, May 4-6, 2009.

Go to the top of the page | Go to this Discussion Group

---

Index for the previous Discussion Groups

Go to the archived discussions

• Documents recommended by the COP-MOP for the AHTEG
• Risk assessment and risk management of transgenic fish
• Risk assessment and risk management of transgenic trees
• Risk assessment and risk management of transgenic microorganisms and viruses
• Risk assessment and risk management of transgenic pharmaplants
• Risk assessment and risk management of LMOs with stacked genes or traits
• Post-release monitoring and long-term effects of LMOs released into the environment
• Risk assessment and risk management of specific receiving environments
• Flowchart ("Roadmap") for risk assessment: the necessary steps to conduct risk assessment according to Annex III of the Protocol

Documents recommended by the COP-MOP for the AHTEG

• Report of the Asia Subregional Workshop on Capacity-Building and Exchange of Experiences on Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Living Modified Organisms, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 7-9 April 2008. (English)
• Report of the Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Workshop on Capacity-Building and Exchange of Experiences on Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Living Modified Organisms, Bridgetown, Barbados, 10-12 December 2007 (English, Spanish)
• Report of the Central and Eastern Europe Regional Workshop on Capacity-Building and Exchange of Experiences on Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Living Modified Organisms, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, 26-28 November 2007 (English)
• Report of the African Regional Workshop on Capacity-Building and Exchange of Experiences on Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Living Modified Organisms, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 23-25 August 2007 (English, French)
• Compilation of Guidance Documents on Risk Assessment and Risk Management Available through the Biosafety Information Resource Centre of the Biosafety Clearing-House (English)
• Report of the Canada-Norway Expert Workshop on Risk Assessment for Emerging Applications of Living Modified Organisms, Montreal, Canada, 4-6 June 2007 (English)
• Report of the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Risk Assessment, Rome, Italy, 15-18 November 2005 (English)

Go to the top of this page

Risk assessment and risk management of transgenic fish

1. Current scientific understanding of the environmental biosafety of transgenic fish and shellfish by A. R. Kapuscinski
2. Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms. Volume 3: Methodologies for Transgenic Fish by A. R. Kapuscinski et al. (editors) (only abstract is publicly available)
3. FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on the Safety Assessment of Foods Derived from GM Animals, including Fish by FAO/WHO
4. The threats and benefits of GM fish by W. M. Muir
5. Abstracts of the OECD Workshop on the Biology of Atlantic Salmon by OECD

Go to the top of this page

Risk assessment and risk management of transgenic trees

1. Transgenic trees and forestry biosafety by S. Valenzuela et al.
2. Gene flow from tree plantations and implications for transgenic risk assessment by S. P. DiFazio et al.
3. Report of the workshop on the environmental considerations of GM trees by OECD
4. Environmental effects of genetically engineered woody biomass crops by R. R. James et al.
5. Transgenic trees: implementation and outcomes of the Plant Protection Act by R. A. Sedjo
6. Selected references on biotechnology and genetic modification: Biotechnology in the context of global wood supply and demand by FAO

Go to the top of this page

Risk assessment and risk management of transgenic microorganisms and viruses

1. Risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms and their derived products intended for food and feed use by EFSA
2. The SACGM Compendium of Guidance. Part 2: Risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms (other than those associated with plants) by HSE
3. Guidance Document on Methods for Detection of Micro-organisms Introduced into the Environment: Bacteria by OECD

Go to the top of this page

Risk assessment and risk management of transgenic pharmaplants

1. Assessment Criteria for the Evaluation of Environmental Safety of Plants with Novel Traits Intended for Commercial Plant Molecular Farming (DRAFT) by CFIA (also available in French)
2. Potential Impacts of Plant Molecular Farming on Biodiversity by CFIA (also available in French)

Go to the top of this page

Risk assessment and risk management of LMOs with stacked genes or traits

1. Guidance Document for the risk assessment of genetically modified plants containing stacked transformation events by the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) by EFSA
2. Risk assessment of plants containing genetic modification events combined by crossing by EFSA
3. Guidelines for GM stacked events to be placed on the market by the Belgium Biosafety Advisory Council
4. Concurrent use of transgenic plants expressing a single and two Bacillus thuringiensis genes speeds insect adaptation to pyramided plants by Zhao at al.
5. Evaluation of crops containing GM events combined by traditional breeding by EuropaBio
6. Risk assessment of GM stacked events obtained from crosses between GM events by De Schrijver et al.

Go to the top of this page | Go to this Discussion Group

Post-release monitoring and long-term effects of LMOs released into the environment

1. Ecological monitoring of genetically modified organisms by the Federal Environment Agency, Austria
2. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms on the Post Market Environmental Monitoring (PMEM) of genetically modified plants by EFSA
3. Concept for the Realisation of a GMO Monitoring in Germany by Wilhelm et al., Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA)
4. Concept and methods for post-market monitoring of genetically modified plants. Issues not confined to a single Land or crop by the Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA)
5. Concept for post-market monitoring of genetically modified plants – based on Brandenburg by the Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
6. Long-term and large-scale effects of genetically modified organisms require specific environmental monitoring designs by Wiebke Züghart
7. A conceptual framework for the design of environmental post-market monitoring of genetically modified plants by O. Sanvido

Go to the top of this page | Go to this Discussion Group

Risk assessment and risk management of specific receiving environments

1. Gene flow from genetically modified rice and its environmental consequences by Lu and Snow
2. Maize and Biodiversity: The Effects of Transgenic Maize in Mexico. Chapter 3 - Assessment of Effects on Genetic Diversity by Berthaud and Gepts (abstract also available in French and Spanish)
3. Maize and Biodiversity: The Effects of Transgenic Maize in Mexico. Chapter 10 - Managing Potential Risks and Enhancing Potential Benefits: Identification and Analysis of Management Tools and Policy Options by Morales and Komen (abstract also available in French and Spanish)
4. Transgenic Maize and the Evolution of Landrace Diversity in Mexico. The Importance of Farmers' Behavior by Bellon and Berthaud

Go to the top of this page | Go to this Discussion Group

Flowchart ("Roadmap") for risk assessment: the necessary steps for conducting risk assessment according to Annex III of the Protocol

1. Robust methodologies for ecological risk assessment: Best practice and current practice in ecological risk assessment for genetically modified organisms by CSIRO
2. Conceptualizing risk assessment methodology for genetically modified organisms by R. Hill
3. Guidance document for the risk assessment of genetically modified plants and derived food and feed by EFSA
4. Animal Health Risk Analysis Framework for Biotechnology-Derived Animals by CFIA (also available in French)

Go to the top of this page | Go to this Discussion Group