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Organisme
(ORGA)
last updated: 23 sept. 2026
Malus sylvestris
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Magnoliophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Rosales |
| Family | Rosaceae |
| Subfamily | Amygdaloideae |
| Genus | Malus |
| Species | Malus sylvestris |
- Crataegus grata Salisb.
- Fragaria vesca prol. sylvestris (L.) Asch. & Graebn
- Malus communis subsp. sylvestris (L.) Gams
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Crab appleEN
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European crab appleEN
- Catalogue of life - Malus sylvestris Mill. [ English ]
- GBIF - Malus sylvestris Mill. [ English ]
Cultures
Sauvage
The centre of origin of Malus sylvestris is considered to be Europe. No single, narrowly defined geographical centre of origin has been established. Phylogeographic evidence indicates that the species persisted during the Last Glacial Maximum in several southern European refugia, including southern France, Italy and the southeastern Alps, the Balkans and the Carpathian region, followed by postglacial expansion into central and northern Europe.
Malus sylvestris exhibits high genetic diversity across its European range. Particularly high allelic richness has been identified in southern and eastern Europe, including southern France, Italy and the southeastern Alps, the Balkans and the Carpathian Mountains. These regions include important glacial refugia and contact zones associated with the postglacial recolonization of Europe. Considerable genetic diversity is also maintained within populations throughout the species' range.
Malus sylvestris is a temperate deciduous, light-demanding tree occurring in a broad range of forest and semi-open habitats. It is found in deciduous and mixed forests, forest margins and gaps, hedgerows, thickets and floodplain forests, as well as relatively dry or wet sites where competition from larger tree species is reduced. Because of its high light requirements and relatively low competitive ability, it generally occurs as scattered individuals or small groups rather than forming extensive stands.
Malus sylvestris is widely distributed across Europe, extending from the Iberian Peninsula and the British Isles through western, central, southern and eastern Europe to European Russia and Türkiye, and northwards into Scandinavia. Its distribution is generally scattered and fragmented, reflecting its occurrence primarily as individual trees or small populations in suitable forest and semi-open habitats.
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BCH-ORGA-SCBD-12099-7 Organisme Malus domestica (Apple)Cultures
FR
- Nourriture
Malus sylvestris is cross-compatible with Malus domestica. Natural hybridization and bidirectional introgression have been documented in European populations, and controlled interspecific crosses produce viable seeds and normally developing seedlings. More generally, interspecific hybridization is common within the genus Malus, particularly among diploid species.
Malus sylvestris is an important crop wild relative and genetic resource for apple breeding and conservation. Its genetic diversity represents a potential source of traits for improvement and adaptation of cultivated apple. Seedling material has also historically been used as rootstock for apple cultivation. The species has ornamental and ecological value and may be used in native woodland, hedgerow and conservation plantings.
Malus sylvestris is an important crop wild relative and genetic resource for apple breeding and conservation. Its genetic diversity represents a potential source of traits for improvement and adaptation of cultivated apple. Seedling material has also historically been used as rootstock for apple cultivation. The species has ornamental and ecological value and may be used in native woodland, hedgerow and conservation plantings.
- NCBI - NLM - Malus sylvestris [ English ]
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew - Malus sylvestris [ English ]
- Crop-to-wild gene flow and spatial genetic structure in the closest wild relatives of the cultivated apple [DOI] [ English ]
- Uniprot - Malus sylvestris [ English ]
- OECD Consensus document on the Biology of Crops.pdf ( Biology of crops, safety assessment, apple, Malus domestica , Malus sylvestris ) [ English ]
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| Organisme | Espèces à compatibilité croisée | 1 | |
