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Biosafety Technical Series 08: Legislating for Biosafety: A Legal Diagnostic Tool to implement the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and its Nagoya – Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress (Publication Date: Oct 2026)

Table of Contents: 1. Introductory Background 1.1 Brief overview of the requirements under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 1.2 Brief overview of the requirements under the Nagoya – Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol 1.3 Implementation by Parties 2. National Legislative Process 2.1 Inclusive and participatory process 2.2 Legal Assessment Report 2.3 Legislative solutions 2.4 Administrative tasks 3. Legal Diagnostic Tool 3.1 Background 3.2 Using the Tool 3.3 Target audience 3.4 Inclusions, exc ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-301391-3
Guide, Learning materials, Tools
12 Oct 2026

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Thirty years of glyphosate-resistant crops and weeds: Current situation and future prospects (Publication Date: Feb 2026)

Abstract: Glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide targeting 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, was first commercialized in 1974. Its use increased significantly following the introduction of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops in 1996 and the expiration of its patent in 2000, making it the most used herbicide worldwide. Intensive reliance on glyphosate has selected for GR weed populations, with the first documented case reported also in 1996. Glyphosate resistance now has evolved in 62 weed ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-301377-1
Article
08 Oct 2026

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Driving Harm, Reversing Precaution? An Analysis of the Additional Voluntary Guidance Materials on Risk Assessment of LMOs Containing Engineered Gene Drives (Publication Date: Jul 2026)

Author summary: Living modified organisms containing engineered gene drives (EGD-LMOs) are designed to spread genetic modifications through wild populations and persist – a novel technology that brings with it fresh biosafety challenges. In light of these concerns, a set of guidance materials to support risk assessment of EGD-LMOs has been drawn up by a group of experts and welcomed by Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. However, the guidance materials advocate a narrow approach und ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-301291-1
Briefing, Methodologies
02 Oct 2026

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Survivorship and food consumption of immatures and adults of Apis mellifera and Scaptotrigona bipunctata exposed to genetically modified eucalyptus pollen (Publication Date: Apr 2023)

Author's Abstract. Eucalyptus comprises the largest planted area of cultivated production forest in Brazil. Genetic modification (GM) of eucalyptus can provide additional characteristics for increasing productivity and protecting wood yield, as well as potentially altering fiber for a diversity of industrial uses. However, prior to releasing a new GM plant, risk assessments studies with non-target organisms must be undertaken. Bees are prominent biological models since they play an important rol ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-301198-1
Article
23 Sep 2026

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New case studies on the coexistence of GM and non-GM crops in European agriculture (Publication Date: Jan 2006)

This report analyses the need and feasibility of changes in agricultural practices to ensure coexistence between GM and non-GM crop production in the EU. It presents new case studies on the coexistence of GM and non-GM crops in European agriculture.

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-42014-4
Report, Review, Case studies, Methodologies, Studies, Bibliography
17 Sep 2026

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A Culturally Grounded Method for Dialogue Between Indigenous Peoples and Researchers on Emerging Technologies: Lessons from the Gene Drive Context (Publication Date: May 2026)

This paper presents a participatory method for conducing a collaborative and culturally appropriate dialogue process between gene drive researchers and Indigenous Peoples and local communities. Coordinated by the Outreach Network for Gene Drive Research and representatives of the International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity (IIFB), this dialogue aimed to build trust and facilitate mutual understanding and create a safe space for sharing traditional knowledge, rather than to reach decisions on ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-301167-1
Article, Lessons learned, Methodologies
16 Sep 2026

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Environmental risk assessment for genetically modified microalgae (Publication Date: Aug 2026)

Abstract: Advances in genomic techniques have great potential to accelerate the development of the microalgal sector and to address key challenges related to upscaling. Genetically modified microalgae (GMM) can exhibit enhanced biomass productivity, increased accumulation of valuable biocompounds, or express other beneficial traits compared to their non-modified counterparts. However, the application of GMM and their associated cultivation methods may lead to unintentional release, potentially a ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-300860-1
Article
01 Sep 2026

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Gene Drive Monitor (Publication Date: Jan 2023)

The database includes: (i) Laboratory research and modelling on gene drives as reported in the academic literature and other sources such as press releases from funders and universities; (ii) Proposals for gene drives as identified from the natural sciences literature; (iii) Proposals deriving from other academic literature (such as literature relating to policy or ethics) are included at the discretion of the researchers, for example if such proposals designate novel targets; and (iv) The datab ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-300566-2
Online database, Website
11 Aug 2026

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Gene Drive Development in Insect Targets: A Horizon Scanning Survey (Publication Date: Jun 2026)

Summary: Screening and analysis of the scientific literature up to 31 December 2023 showed: (i) Gene drives were developed or proposed in 43 insect species1. Additionally, gene drives were proposed for 5 general taxonomic groups of insects: (ii) Of these 48 insect species or groups the majority are agricultural pests, 28 in total, while 17 are vectors of human disease, in particular malaria. The agricultural pests include 6 livestock pests or livestock disease vectors, which partially overlap wi ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-300564-2
Report
11 Aug 2026

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Gene Drive Development in Non-Insect Targets – including Vertebrates, Snails, Fungi and Plants: A Horizon Scanning Survey up to end 2023 (Publication Date: Apr 2026)

Summary: Screening and analysis of the scientific literature for gene drive development in non-insect targets up to 31 December 2023,1 showed: (i) There are 46 current or proposed non-insect targets; (ii) Proposals span a wide range of species and taxonomic groups: from mammals and fish to snails, arachnids, fungi and plants; (iii) In the vast majority of cases the aim is to suppress or eradicate the target; (iv) Compared to gene drive systems in insects, the systems in other taxonomic groups ar ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-300565-1
Report
11 Aug 2026

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Cutting through the hype in synthetic biology: Will gene drives work? (Publication Date: Oct 2025)

Excerpt: Using analogies from engineering, the field of synthetic biology has put forth a vision of biology by design. Some practitioners have acknowledged that it has been used by some to promise ‘easy solutions to difficult problems’ and warn that it must not be framed as ‘the one technical solution to many grave world problems’. Engineered gene drives (EGD) are a form of synthetic biology that have attracted much investment and attention by promising just such easy solutions to serious proble ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-300563-1
Article
11 Aug 2026

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Biosafety Technical Series 07: Additional voluntary guidance materials to support case-by-case risk assessments of living modified organisms containing engineered gene drives (Publication Date: Oct 2025)

Table of contents: (1) Objective and scope; (2) Introduction; (3) Engineered gene drives; (4) General risk assessment considerations for living modified organisms containing engineered gene drives; (5) Recommendation of acceptability of risk and identification of risk management strategies; (6) Monitoring; and (7) Related issues. Annexes: I (Further information on modelling); II (Further information on uncertainty); III (World Health Organization guidance framework for testing genetically modif ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-280754-3
Guide, Guidelines, Technical guide
16 Jul 2026

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Biosafety Symposium 2025 (Publication Date: Mar 2026)

The Biosafety Symposium 2025 Report captures the discussions of this event that was held on 21 August 2025 in Shah Alam, Malaysia. This event was organized by the Department of Biosafety (DOB) under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability (NRES) attended by 412 participants and experts from Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom. The symposium’s theme, "Strengthening Biosafety for Future Sustainability," focused on fostering r ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-299953-1
Report, Best practices
13 Jul 2026

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Unveiling the genetic diversity and ancestry of Brassica rapa weeds in Argentina: evidence for local adaptation and feralization (Publication Date: Apr 2026)

Abstract. Feralization is an evolutionary process that can reverse domestication traits, giving rise to invasive or weedy plants. Brassica rapa is an example of extensive diversification, producing multiple domesticated crops, while its non-crop forms persist as weeds in disturbed habitats worldwide. In Argentina, the spread of this weed has increased since 2012, when populations resistant to glyphosate (transgenic) and to acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicides (non-transgenic) w ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-301369-1
Article
06 May 2026

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Guidelines for the single-laboratory validation of qualitative real-time PCR methods (Publication Date: Nov 2016)

The present guidelines for single-laboratory validation of qualitative real-time PCR methods were developed by the international working group "Development of methods for the identification of food produced by genetic engineering", established pursuant to § 64 of the German Food and Feed Code. It aims to ensure that qualitative real-time PCR methods developed by this group are able to meet the performance criteria defined at the European (ENGL, CEN) and international (ISO, Codex) level. The guid ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-293575-2
Article, Manual, Methodologies, Technical guide
25 Mar 2026

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Guidelines for the validation of qualitative real-time PCR methods by means of a collaborative study (Publication Date: Mar 2016)

The present guidelines for conducting a collaborative validation study of qualitative real-time PCR methods were developed by the international working group "Development of methods for the identification of food produced by genetic engineering" established pursuant to § 64 of the German Food and Feed Code. It aims to ensure that respective methods can meet the performance criteria defined at the European (ENGL, CEN) and international (ISO, Codex) level. The main criterion for validation a quali ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-293576-1
Article, Manual, Methodologies, Technical guide
25 Mar 2026

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Detection of food and feed plant products obtained by targeted mutagenesis and cisgenesis (Publication Date: Jun 2023)

Author's Abstract. The current EU legislation on GMOs and food and feed containing GMOs requires analytical testing to support traceability of these products on the market. Here the European Network of GMO Laboratories has reviewed the implications of the analytical requirements when they are applied to plant products developed by new genomic techniques, i.e. targeted mutagenesis and cisgenesis. This review concluded that analytical testing to support traceability is not considered feasible for ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-281905-1
Report
15 Jan 2026

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Considerations for the Successful Detection and Quantification of Genetically Modified Events in Grain and Food Samples Using Multiplex Digital PCR (Publication Date: Dec 2024)

Author's Abstract. The number of genetically modified (GMO) events for canola, corn, and soybean is steadily increasing. Some countries, including those in the EU, have regulatory requirements for the approval and use of plant ingredients containing GMOs. Multiplex digital PCR (dPCR) has been used for the simultaneous detection and quantification of various GMO events. This review covers the various factors to consider for multiplex digital PCR detection and the quantification of GMO events. DN ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-281904-1
Article
15 Jan 2026

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ddPCR strategy to detect a gene-edited plant carrying a single variation point: Technical feasibility and interpretation issues (Publication Date: Mar 2022)

Author's Abstract. Gene-edited organisms and derived food and feed products commercialized on the European market falls within the scope of the Directive, 2001/18/EC. Therefore, the possibility to specifically detect and quantify them has become a priority. To this end, PCR-based approaches, such as real-time PCR and digital droplet PCR, targeting a single variation point carried by a gene-edited organism are expected to be suitable, even if potentially challenging at the technical level. Howev ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-281901-2
Article
15 Jan 2026

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A Novel Quantification Method for Gene-Edited Animal Detection Based on ddPCR (Publication Date: Feb 2025)

Author's Abstract. As gene-editing technologies continue to evolve, gene-edited products are making significant strides. These products have already been commercialized in the United States and Japan, prompting global attention to their safety and regulatory oversight. However, the detection of gene editing still relies on qPCR, and there is a lack of quantitative detection methods to quantify gene-editing components in products. To ensure consumer safety and transparency, we developed a novel ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-281899-1
Article
15 Jan 2026

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Detection method for CRISPR-Cas9 edited tomato with single nucleotide deletion using multiplex probe-based real-time PCR and confirmation of non-transgenicity: A case study (Publication Date: Oct 2025)

Author's Abstract. The adoption of gene-edited (GE) food crops has increased due to applicability of technology without drastically affecting the genetic information. However, the discussion on regulatory regime pertaining to GE plants throughout the globe is overwhelming. In the countries where GE products are regulated, or for the verification of gene-editing as claimed by the developers, detection of GE plants (referred to as GE detection here) plays an imperative role. Precisely detecting s ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-281897-1
Article
15 Jan 2026

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Future perspectives of GMO detection in agriculture: strategies for electrochemical nucleic acid detection (Publication Date: Jun 2025)

Author's Abstract. The uncontrolled distribution of genetically modified organisms (GMO)-based food and feed is an increasing global concern, primarily due to limited information about their potential harmful effects. The growing diversity and complexity of GMOs present significant challenges for their detection, traceability, and safety monitoring. Traditionally, GMOs are detected using molecular methods, among which PCR methods are the most explored and are considered the gold standard. Howev ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-281895-1
Article
15 Jan 2026

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Detection of commercialized plant products derived from new genomic techniques (NGT) - Practical examples and current perspectives (Publication Date: Oct 2023)

Author's Abstract. New genomic techniques (NGT) are increasingly applied in plant research and development in many countries due to their simplicity in introducing genetic modifications that alter specific traits. First NGT products are on the market in several countries where no specific regulatory approval is required. In the European Union (EU), however, all NGT derived products are subject to the existing genetically modified organism (GMO) authorization regulations. This nourishes the disc ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-281887-1
Article
14 Jan 2026

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Development and in-house validation of two real-time PCR methods for the detection of genome-editing events in soybean FAD2 gene variants (Publication Date: Jan 2025)

Author's Abstract. Since the commercialization of the first genetically modified (GM) crops, their relevance in agricultural applications has increased. Soybean (Glycine max) ranks as the most widely cultivated GM crop globally. With the advancements in site-specific genome-editing tools, the development of GM organisms (GMO) using new genomic techniques has accelerated, particularly in agriculture. In the US, a genome-edited soybean variety, Calyno, was developed with altered fatty acid composi ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-281851-3
Article, Methodologies
14 Jan 2026

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Baseline of Peruvian tomato diversity for biosafety purposes (Publication Date: Dec 2020)

Author summary: The baseline for tomato genetic diversity in Peru, published in 2020, presents a detailed characterization of 17 species of the genus Solanum, including the cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicum) and its wild relatives. Through surveys in 17 regions, traditional agricultural practices, agroecosystems, associated microorganisms, and evidence of the management of native varieties such as S. lycopersicum var. Cerasiforme were identified. The study also includes analyses of floral biolo ...

Biosafety Virtual Library Resources
bch-vlr-scbd-280219-2
Book
12 Jan 2026

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Comparing version with latest version

Comparing version with latest version

Comparing version with latest version