bch-orga-scbd-115629-1
|
Abelmoschus esculentus |
Okra, Lady's finger |
Due to the large number of chromosomes and polyploidy, a whole genome sequence has not yet been elucidated. |
bch-orga-scbd-260316-1
|
Adeno-associated dependoparvovirus A |
Adeno-associated virus 2 |
Adeno-associated virus 2 is a naked, icosahedral (20 - 25 nm diameter), single-stranded DNA virus. The genome consists of a single chromosome of 4679 nucleotides, flanked terminal repeats of 145 nucleotides that terminate in 125 nucleotide T-shaped hairpins (homotelomeric). These inverted repeats facilitate the integration into the host genome. As such, they have been employed in recombinant vectors to insert transgenes into the host genome. Thus, they may have a role in gene therapy. |
bch-orga-scbd-101472-4
|
Aedes aegypti |
Yellow fever mosquito, AEDAE |
|
bch-orga-scbd-45769-4
|
Aequorea victoria |
Crystal Jellyfish, Water Jellyfish, AEQVI |
This jellyfish is capable of producing flashes of blue light by a quick release of Ca2+. The components required for bioluminescence include a Calcium++ activated photoprotein, called aequorin, that emits a blue-green light, and an accessory green fluorescent protein (GFP), which accepts energy from aequorin and re-emits it as green light. For further information about fluorescence, see References. |
bch-orga-scbd-114696-3
|
African cassava mosaic virus |
ACMV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-110857-2
|
Agrobacterium rhizogenes |
AGRRH |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12081-6
|
Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
Agrobacterium |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a species of bacteria that causes tumors (commonly known as 'galls' or 'crown galls') in dicots. This bacterium causes crown gall by inserting a small segment of DNA (known as the T-DNA, for 'transfer DNA') into the plant cell, which is incorporated at a semi-random location into the plant genome. A. tumefaciens is commonly used as a vector to introduce DNA carried on a plasmid into a recipient organism. The vector is 'disarmed' since it lacks the genes which encode the tumorigenic functions of A. tumefaciens. This type of vector has been used frequently for introducing new genes into plants without causing biosafety concerns: the procedures used generally ensure that no Agrobacterium remains in the regenerated transgenic plants. |
bch-orga-scbd-105603-2
|
Agrostis stolonifera |
Creeping bentgrass, Creeping bent, Fiorin, Spreading bent, Carpet bentgrass, Redtop, AGRST |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103885-3
|
Alfalfa mosaic virus |
Alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103752-2
|
Amaranthus hybridus |
Slim Amaranth, Green Amaranth, Pigweed |
|
bch-orga-scbd-111928-1
|
Ananas comosus |
Pineapple, ANACO |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103108-3
|
Anastrepha ludens |
Mexican fruit fly |
|
bch-orga-scbd-111523-1
|
Andropogon gerardii |
Big bluestem, Turkeyfoot, Tall bluestem, Bluejoint, ANGER |
|
bch-orga-scbd-260477-2
|
Anopheles coluzzii |
African malaria mosquito, Malaria mosquito, Mosquito |
While hybrid males from most crosses between species of the An. gambiae complex are sterile, males from crosses between An. gambiae and An. coluzzii do not show signatures of genetic incompatibilities and are fully fertile, with no obvious loss in fitness under laboratory conditions. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato is a complex of biological siblings which are genetically and behaviourally distinct and vary in their importance as malaria vectors. The members of the complex are morphologically indistinguishable as adults and are identified using molecular methodologies. The Anopheles gambiae complex of sibling species (1974; Coetzee et al., 2013) comprises nine related but reproductively isolated species that are almost indistinguishable morphologically: Anopheles amharicus (Hunt et al., 2013), Anopheles arabiensis (Patton 1905), Anopheles bwambae (White 1985), Anopheles gambiae (Giles 1902), Anopheles coluzzii (Coetzee & Wikerson 2013), Anopheles melas (Theobald 1903), Anopheles merus (Dönitz 1902), and Anopheles fontenillei (Barron et al., 2018). Additional information on the distribution of mosquito species that transmit malaria, can be found at the Malaria Atlas Project: https://malariaatlas.org . |
bch-orga-scbd-260392-1
|
Anopheles gambiae |
African malaria mosquito, Mosquito, Malaria mosquito, ANOGA |
An. gambiae is a complex of biological siblings which are genetically and behaviourally distinct and vary in their importance as malaria vectors. The members of the complex are morphologically indistinguishable as adults and are identified using molecular methodologies. The Anopheles gambiae complex of sibling species comprises nine related but reproductively isolated species that are almost indistinguishable morphologically: Anopheles amharicus , Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles bwambae , Anopheles gambiae , Anopheles coluzzii , Anopheles melas, Anopheles merus and Anopheles fontenillei . Collectively they are sometimes called Anopheles gambiae sensu lato , or An. gambiae s.l. meaning ‘in the wider sense.’ Some species in the complex ( An. gambiae, An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis ) are the main vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Anopheles mosquitoes, being poikilotherms, have life history characteristics that are dependent on ambient temperatures. These life history characteristics include their biting rates, the duration of their gonotrophic cycles, their fecundity, the survival and development of the immature mosquitoes and the adult. |
bch-orga-scbd-103770-2
|
Antirrhinum majus |
Common Snapdragon, Snapdragon |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12098-4
|
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis, ARATH |
Arabidopsis thaliana is a small flowering plant that is widely used as a model organism in plant biology. Arabidopsis is a member of the mustard (Brassicaceae) family, which includes cultivated species such as cabbage and radish. Arabidopsis is not of major agronomic significance, but it offers important advantages for basic research in genetics and molecular biology. |
bch-orga-scbd-105199-2
|
Artemisia annua |
Artemisia, Sweet Wormwood, Sweet Annie, Sweet Sagewort, Annual Wormwood |
|
bch-orga-scbd-101938-6
|
Arthrobacter globiformis |
Arthrobacter |
Arthrobacter is a genus of bacteria that is commonly found in soil. All species in this genus are Gram-positive obligate aerobes that are rods during exponential growth and cocci in their stationary phase. |
bch-orga-scbd-115841-1
|
Arundo donax |
Giant reed |
Arundo donax is listed as one of the 100 world's worst invasive alien species due to its aggressive growth, environmental tolerance and long life (over 40 years). The reed can reached heights of 10 meters. Vegetative reproduction appears to be principle means for population expansion through rhizome extension or plant fragments carried downstream (root formation can occur on plant fragments). Once established, the giant reed can form colonies spanning several acres. Sexual reproduction may not be important for this species as most specimens do not produce viable seeds. Even when green, the plants are highly flammable. A. donax has been cultivated as a source of materials for instruments (flutes, pipes, etc.), building materials, materials for basket weaving and fuelwood. The reed was introduced to other areas as an ornamental plant and to stabilize soils against erosion. Other potential applications include carbon sequestration, source of fibre (pulp and paper, rayon) and use as an energy crop. Medically, the reed has been used as a sudorific, a diuretic, a diaphoretic, an emollient, a galactofuge and an anti-lactant in the treatment of dropsy. Isolated alkaloids may also raise blood pressure and contract the intestine. Phytocompounds may also have anti-carcinogenic properties. The reed contains a base chromosome number of 12. However, various ploidy levels have been reported. Genetic diversity is expected to be low due to the vegetative propagation of the reed. Thus far, the chloroplast is the only genome to be completely sequenced (GenBank: KX109945.1). De novo assembly of the transcriptome has occurred. |
bch-orga-scbd-111120-2
|
Aspergillus nidulans |
EMEND |
|
bch-orga-scbd-15377-4
|
Aspergillus niger |
|
|
bch-orga-scbd-105016-3
|
Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus |
AcMNPV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-105607-2
|
Avena sativa |
Oat, AVESA |
|
bch-orga-scbd-48965-9
|
Avian orthoavulavirus 1 |
Newcastle disease virus, NDV |
The Newcastle Disease (ND) is highly contagious, implying high economic impact, caused by the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) of the Paramyxoviridae family, Rubulavirus genus. The viral particle is formed by an enveloped nucleocapsid with fusion (F) protein spicules and hemaglutinine-neuramidase (HN) protein. Pathogenicity of the virus varies greatly and the disease may range from a light respiratory tract infection to a 100% mortality rate. Immunization against ND has been conducted with either live or inactivated virus. Live Newcastle Disease vaccine, with low virulence strain, has the advantage of mass administration and induces both local and cell immune response. Inactivated virus vaccine induces low levels of protection. Infection by Newcastle Disease virus may occur through either inhalation or ingestion: the virus is present in the air exhaled by the birds, in their faeces and all over the bird carcass during acute infection and death. Due to the occurrence of such diseases, sanitary barriers are established in domestic and foreign trade of birds and their by-products, ensuing large economic losses for countries where the diseases are recorded. Given the economic importance of such pathogens, availability of vaccines is essential to immunize susceptible organisms. |
bch-orga-scbd-12122-6
|
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens |
BACAM |
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a Gram-positive, aerobic baterium found in soil samples in nature. Alpha amylase from B. amyloliquefaciens is often used in starch hydrolysis. B. amyloliquefaciens is also a source of subtilisin, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of proteins in a similar way to trypsin. It also produces Barnase, an extracellular guanine specific ribonuclease, and barstar is its intracellular inhibitor. |
bch-orga-scbd-115337-1
|
Bacillus cereus CHB37 |
|
This strain of Bacillus cereus was isolated from tomato rhizosphere soil in Malaysia. Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped facultative anaerobe. Some strains have been known to produce toxins. |
bch-orga-scbd-48360-3
|
Bacillus licheniformis |
BACLI |
Bacillus licheniformis is toxinogenic and food poisoning in humans has been associated with cooked meat, poultry and vegetable dishes (particularly stews and curries which have been served with rice). Food poisoning by Bacillus licheniformis is characterised by diarrhoea, although vomiting occurs in half of reported cases. Bacillus licheniformis is used by industry to produce proteases and amylases. Proteases are needed in huge amounts for example as additions to washing agents. B. licheniformis is also used to make the polypeptide antibiotic Bacitracin. |
bch-orga-scbd-103064-6
|
Bacillus subtilis |
Bacillus, BACIU |
Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium commonly found in soil. A member of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis is rod-shaped, and has the ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing the organism to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. |
bch-orga-scbd-45614-11
|
Bacillus thuringiensis |
Bt, Bacillus, BACTU |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103068-4
|
Bacteriophage P1 |
Phage P1 |
P1 is a temperate bacteriophage (phage) that infects Escherichia coli and a some other bacteria. When undergoing a lysogenic cycle the phage genome exists as a plasmid in the bacterium unlike other phages that integrate into the host DNA. P1 has an icosahedral "head" containing the DNA attached to a contractile tail with six tail fibers. The P1 phage has gained research interest because it can be used to create the P1-derived artificial chromosome cloning vector which can carry relatively large fragments of DNA. Also, P1 encodes a site-specific recombinase, Cre, that is widely used to carry out cell-specific or time-specific DNA recombination by flanking the target DNA with loxP sites.(see Cre-Lox recombination) |
bch-orga-scbd-15016-6
|
Bacteriophage T3 |
Phage T3, T3 |
Enterobacteria phage T3 is a bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli bacteria. It is in the genus T7-like Phages, of the family podoviridae (characterized by short, non-contractile tails). |
bch-orga-scbd-105014-2
|
Bactrocera (Dacus) oleae |
Olive fruit fly, Olive fly |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103106-4
|
Bactrocera dorsalis |
Oriental fruit fly |
|
bch-orga-scbd-116055-3
|
Banana streak virus Acuminata Yunnan |
BSV(AY) |
Banana streak virus Acuminata Yunnan is a non-enveloped, double stranded DNA virus with a circular genome encoding three open reading readings. The virus infects bananas ( Musa sp. ), causing banana streak disease. The symptoms will vary between banana streak viruses, but common symptoms include chlorotic and necrotic streaking. The infections will lead to stunted growth and reduction in bunch size (yield loss). The virus has been observed to integrate into the genome of the host banana. The virus likely spreads via insect vectors and may be also seedborne. It is unlikely to be mechanically transmitted. Banana streak virus is similar to Sugarcane bacilliform virus . |
bch-orga-scbd-114688-1
|
Barley stripe mosaic virus |
Barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus; Barley false stripe virus; Barley mosaic virus; Barley mild stripe virus; Oat stripe mosaic virus |
|
bch-orga-scbd-104597-4
|
Bean golden mosaic virus |
BGMV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-101869-7
|
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus |
BNYVV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12097-4
|
Beta vulgaris |
Common beet, Sugarbeet, BETMA |
|
bch-orga-scbd-106324-2
|
Betula pendula |
Silver birch, European white birch, Warty birch, BETPN |
|
bch-orga-scbd-107879-2
|
Betula pubescens |
White birch, Moor birch, Downy birch, European white birch, Hairy birch |
|
bch-orga-scbd-115579-1
|
Bos taurus |
Cow, Cattle, Bull, Auroch, Oxen, Bullocks |
Cattle are commonly raised for meat (beef, veal), milk and hides (leather). They are also used as draft animals for pulling carts and plows. The dung of cattle is used for fertilizer (manure) or fuel. In some countries, cattle have a religious meaning. |
bch-orga-scbd-115905-1
|
Brassica juncea |
Indian mustard, Brown mustard, Chinese mustard, Leaf mustard, Vegetable mustard, Mustard greens, BRAJU |
Brassica juncea is a natural amphidiploid hybrid (AABB genome, 2n = 36) of Brassica rapa (AA genome, 2n = 20) and Brassica nigra (BB genome, 2n=16). The species is mainly self-pollinated, but 20-30% cross-pollination was reported. Inter-specific crosses are possible between B. juncea and other mustard relatives. However, most hybridization events have required human intervention to achieve. Brown mustard has been listed as a weed species. The species is fast growing and has a broad range of growing environments. Brown mustard is grown primarily for culinary purposes (edible leaves, stems and seed; cooking oil from the seeds). The essential oils from the seeds have been used in ethno-botany. |
bch-orga-scbd-12083-7
|
Brassica napus |
Turnip, Rapeseed, Canola Plant, Oilseed Rape, Rape, BRANA |
There are two types of B. napus: 1) oil-yielding oleiferous rape, of which one subset with specific quality characteristics is often referred to as "canola" (vernacular name), and 2) the tuber-bearing swede or rutabaga. Today, two species of Brassica have commercialized varieties with "double low" characteristics, i.e. low erucic acid content in the fatty acid profile and very low glucosinolate content in the meal, characteristics desirable for high-quality vegetable oil and high-quality animal feed. In North America two species (B. napus and B. rapa) are considered to be of "canola" quality. See also http://bch.cbd.int/database/record.shtml?documentid=9845 for information on B. rapa |
bch-orga-scbd-101872-5
|
Brassica oleracea |
Wild cabbage, Crucifers, BRAOL |
Brassica oleracea is the species of plant that has many cultivars, including many common foods, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, collards, kohlrabi, brussels sprouts, savoy and Chinese kale (among others). Some cabbages are also used an ornamental plants in gardens. |
bch-orga-scbd-115913-1
|
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis |
Cauliflower, Broccoflower, Calabrese, Romanesci broccoli |
Cauliflower is widely cultivated for its white inflorescence meristem. Several varieties (of several colours) exist. For production statistics, kindly refer to the FAOSTAT link below. |
bch-orga-scbd-9845-4
|
Brassica rapa |
Canola plant |
Today, two species of Brassica have commercialized varieties with "double low" characteristics, i.e. low erucic acid content in the fatty acid profile and very low glucosinolate content in the meal, characteristics desirable for high-quality vegetable oil and high-quality animal feed. In North America two species (B. napus and B. rapa) are considered to be of "canola" quality. See also http://bch.cbd.int/database/record.shtml?documentid=12083 for information on B. napus |
bch-orga-scbd-105666-3
|
Campanula medium |
Canterbury bells, Cup-and-saucer, Bellflower, CAMME |
|
bch-orga-scbd-45008-6
|
Canarypox virus |
CNPV |
Canarypox virus (CNPV) is an avipoxvirus and etiologic agent of canarypox, a disease of birds both in the wild and in commercial aviaries, where significant losses result. CNPV has been successfully used as a host range-restricted mammalian expression vector and is a vaccine vector of increasing importance, with CNPV-based veterinary vaccines commercially available and human vaccines undergoing clinical trials. Licensed and experimental CNPV-based vaccines, most of which utilize the highly attenuated ALVAC strain of CNPV, encode a range of pathogen and tumor-associated antigens, including those from rabies virus, canine distemper virus, feline leukemia virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C viruses, Plasmodium falciparum, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. |
bch-orga-scbd-108041-2
|
Capra aegagrus hircus |
Domestic goat, Goat, CAPHI |
|
bch-orga-scbd-113354-1
|
Capsicum annuum |
Bell pepper, Sweet pepper, Chili pepper, CAPAN |
|
bch-orga-scbd-113225-2
|
Cardiovirus A |
Cardiovirus A, EMCV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12085-4
|
Carica papaya |
Papaya, Pawpaw, Papaw, CARPA |
Papaya, Carica papaya L., is an almost herbaceous (succulently soft-wooded), typically unbranched small tree in the family Caricaceae. Europeans first encountered papaya in the Western Hemisphere tropics by at least the early 1500s, and various interests were soon disseminating it widely. Papaya is now cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical climates mainly for its melon-like fruit. |
bch-orga-scbd-112725-1
|
Carthamus tinctorius |
Safflower, CARTI |
|
bch-orga-scbd-115107-2
|
Cassava brown streak virus |
Cassava Brown Streak Virus, CBSV |
Cassava brown streak virus is 650 nm long and has a genome that consists of single strand of RNA and approximately 8.9 kilobases in length. The genome is encapsulated by the 45 kiloDalton coat protein. Cassava brown streak disease can also be caused by closely related virus, Ugandan cassava brown streak virus. Symptoms are indistinguishable between the two viral agents. |
bch-orga-scbd-101899-7
|
Cassava vein mosaic virus |
Cassava vein mosaic virus, CVMV, CsVMV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-115755-1
|
Castanea dentata |
American chestnut |
The American chestnut is a long lived (400 to 600 years), fast growing, late-successional hardwood tree. The tree is a generalist, tolerating varying environmental and climatic conditions. Being monoecious, the trees bear both male and female flowers on the same plant. Fertilization occurs via wind pollination, but pollinators, such as bees, may also assist. Pollination generally occurs within 100, but the pollen may travel up to 100 km. Seeds mature in late September or October with frost serving as means to open the burs and release the seeds. People tend to use the tree for food (chestnuts) and for hardwood. The species is critically endangered due its extreme susceptibility to the chestnut blight fungus ( Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr), introduced from Asia. In addition to chestnut blight, the tree is also susceptible to root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi . |
bch-orga-scbd-12125-5
|
Cauliflower mosaic virus |
CaMV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103107-4
|
Ceratitis capitata |
Mediterranean fruit fly, CERCA |
|
bch-orga-scbd-104787-4
|
Cestrum yellow leaf curling virus |
CYLCV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-115611-2
|
Chimpanzee adenovirus Y25 |
ChAd Y25 |
Chimpanzee adenovirus Y25 is part of the Human Adenovirus subgroup E. Research has demonstrated the potential of this virus to be used as a viral vaccine vector. |
bch-orga-scbd-109362-2
|
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
CHLRE |
|
bch-orga-scbd-105667-3
|
Chrysanthemum morifolium |
Florists chrysanthemum, Mum, Florist's daisy, Hardy garden mum, CHRMO |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12086-3
|
Cichorium intybus |
Chicory |
|
bch-orga-scbd-108803-2
|
Citrus aurantium |
Sour orange, Bitter orange, Seville orange, CITAR |
|
bch-orga-scbd-111932-1
|
Citrus unshiu |
Satsuma mandarin, Satsuma orange, Tangerine, CITUN |
|
bch-orga-scbd-111590-1
|
Clitoria ternatea |
Bluebellvine, Asian pigeonwings, Butterfly pea, Blue pea, CLITE |
Species is cleistogamous and self pollinates. |
bch-orga-scbd-110853-2
|
Cochliobolus heterostrophus |
Southern corn leaf blight fungus |
|
bch-orga-scbd-115839-1
|
Coix lacryma-jobi |
Job's tears, Adlay millet |
Coix lacryma-jobi is an annual grass that is commonly grown for food, medical and ornamental uses. The grains also are used for beverages (tea and alcoholic). Due to their appearance, the seeds are used as beads for jewelry, rosaries and other decorative objects. The species has become invasive, forming dense clumps that block the flow of waterways in Singapore, Australia, New Caledonia, the Cook Islands, the Galapagos, Greece Hawaii, French Polynesia, Mexico, Brazil, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Jamaica and on many islands in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Similar to other grasses, C. lacryma-jobi is wind pollinated. Self- and cross- pollination can occur. Natural dispersal occurs via involucres containing the fruit, which are carried by water. The genome consists of 10 chromosomes (2n = 20) and has an estimated size of 1.56 Gb. |
bch-orga-scbd-258647-1
|
Commelina communis |
Asiatic dayflower, Dayflower, Common dayflower, Asiatic daisy |
The asiatic dayflower is considered to be an invasive species in North America. The flower is a rapid growing perennial. |
bch-orga-scbd-14977-4
|
Corynebacterium glutamicum |
CORGT |
|
bch-orga-scbd-46120-6
|
Cryptomeria japonica |
Japanese cedar |
Japanese cedar can be difficult to grow from seed. Named cultivars are propagated vegetatively by rooting mature tip cuttings in late summer or autumn, or by layering. Japanese cedar is highly prized for bonsai, and the wild form is harvested commercially for timber. Japanese cedar is one of very few conifers that will coppice - sprout back from cut stumps. See references for further information |
bch-orga-scbd-15029-5
|
Cucumber mosaic virus |
CMV |
The natural host range of CMV is wide, including Cucumis sativus and many other cucurbits, causing mosaics and stunting, and reduced fruit yield; Lycopersicon esculentum causing mosaic, reduction of leaf laminae ("fernleaf") and stunting; and Spinacia oleracea causing severe chlorosis and stunting. It is transmitted through mechanical inoculation by an insect vector (more than 60 spp. including Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora and Myzus persicae) and by seed. |
bch-orga-scbd-12124-3
|
Cucumis melo |
Melon, Melons |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12123-4
|
Cucurbita pepo |
Pumpkin, Squashes |
Cucurbita pepo is a morphologically and ecologically diverse species composed of genetically distinct groups of cultivars and free-living populations (i.e., self-sustaining, including both wild and weedy populations). |
bch-orga-scbd-101361-3
|
Cuphea lanceolata |
Cigar Flower |
|
bch-orga-scbd-106331-2
|
Cuphea wrightii |
Wright's waxweed, CUPWR |
Graham, S. A., 1991. Lythraceae (II). En: Sosa, V. (ed.). Flora de Veracruz. Fascículo 66. Instituto de Ecología. Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Graham, S. A., 1994. Lythraceae. En: Rzedowski, G. C. de y J. Rzedowski (eds.). Flora del Bajío y de regiones adyacentes. Fascículo 24. Instituto de Ecología-Centro Regional del Bajío. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología y Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México. Rzedowski, G. C. de y J. Rzedowski, 2001. Flora fanerogámica del Valle de México. 2a ed. Instituto de Ecología y Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México. Villaseñor R., J. L. y F. J. Espinosa G., 1998. Catálogo de malezas de México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Consejo Nacional Consultivo Fitosanitario. Fondo de Cultura Económica. México, D.F. |
bch-orga-scbd-110938-2
|
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus |
Artichoke, Globe artichoke, CYNCS |
|
bch-orga-scbd-111830-1
|
Dahlia merckii |
Bedding dahlia, DAHME |
|
bch-orga-scbd-45401-5
|
Danio rerio |
Zebra fish, leopard danio, zebra danio |
In the past decade or so the zebrafish, Danio rerio, has become a vertebrate of choice in developmental biology laboratories. It is easy to keep, has a short generation time, breeds readily, and produces conveniently transparent embryos; for these and other reasons it has gradually acquired the prestigious rank of Model Organism. |
bch-orga-scbd-110869-2
|
Daucus carota subsp. sativus |
Carrot, DAUCA |
|
bch-orga-scbd-259043-1
|
Deinococcus radiodurans R1 |
|
Deinococcus radiodurans is a red-pigmented, radiation-resistant bacterium. It was first isolated from a radiation-sterilized can of corned beef in 1956.The bacterium has robust DNA repair mechanisms that enable it to withstand extreme environmental conditions, such as radiation 1000-times greater than the lethal dose for humans. The genome contains multiple chromosomal copies, which also contribute to its efficient repair abilities. In an one-year exposure experiment, the bacterium survived outside the International Space Station (low Earth orbit) without exhibiting morphological damage. In addition to research, the bacterium may have applications for bioremediation. |
bch-orga-scbd-104803-4
|
Delftia acidovorans |
DELAC |
Delftia acidovorans, is a non glucose-fermenting, gram-negative, non spore-forming rod present in soil, fresh water, activated sludge, and clinical specimens (von Gravenitz 1985, Tamaoka et al. 1987, Wen et al., 1999). |
bch-orga-scbd-108874-3
|
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera |
Western corn rootworm, DIAVI |
|
bch-orga-scbd-4954-7
|
Dianthus caryophyllus |
Carnation, DIACA |
Dianthus caryophyllus or carnation does not display hazardous or weedy characteristics and is used in the floriculture industry for cut flowers. Modern cultivars are maintained by vegetative propagation. The biology of carnation is such that there are no reasonable means for the genetically modified plants to escape from cultivation and become established as populations in the wild, or for gene dispersal from the genetically modified carnation to occur. The commercial standard carnation varieties are generally male sterile and rarely produce anthers; and if they do, little pollen is produced and this can only be transferred by insects. In commercial carnation production, outcrossing is unlikely as flowers are cut before opening. Should flowers open, only certain insects are easily able to access nectaries in flowers and there are very few opportunities for this to occur during transit and sale. Furthermore, carnations plants require 6 weeks for seed development and cut carnation flowers last only 3-4 weeks, which is not enough time for seed set. |
bch-orga-scbd-106245-3
|
Dickeya dadantii |
DICDA |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103739-2
|
Discosoma sp. |
Coral anemones, Sea anemones |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103760-2
|
Drosophila melanogaster |
Common Fruit Fly |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103756-3
|
Enterobacter aerogenes |
Enterobacter |
|
bch-orga-scbd-111541-1
|
Enterobacteria phage T4 |
Bacteriophage T4, Phage T4, Coliphage T4, BPT4 |
|
bch-orga-scbd-110882-2
|
Erwinia rhapontici |
ERWRD |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103629-3
|
Erwinia uredovora |
PANAN |
|
bch-orga-scbd-14930-5
|
Escherichia coli |
ECOLX |
Colibacillosis is a common systemic disease of economic importance in poultry and occurs worldwide. Escherichia coli infection occurs as an acute fatal septicemia or subacute pericarditis and airsacculitis, as well as perihepatitis, arthritis, and also cellulitis. Among bacterial infections, colibacillosis is very often the first cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry. Large numbers of E. coli are maintained in the poultry house environment through fecal contamination. Systemic infection occurs when large numbers of pathogenic E. coli gain access to the bloodstream via the respiratory tract or intestine. Bacteremia progresses to septicemia and death, or the infection extends to serosal surfaces, pericardium, joints and other organs. Uncontrolled, avian E. coli represents a serious animal welfare concern and risk to public health as it is a zoonotic organism with avian E. coli species known to adapt to humans. |
bch-orga-scbd-111831-2
|
Escherichia virus Lambda |
Lambda phage, LAMBD |
|
bch-orga-scbd-102151-5
|
Eucalyptus globulus |
Eucalyptus, Tasmanian Blue Gum, Southern Blue Gum, Blue gum |
|
bch-orga-scbd-45010-5
|
Feline leukemia virus |
Feline leukemia virus, FeLV |
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that infects cats. As a retrovirus, the genetic information of FeLV is carried by RNA instead of DNA. FeLV is usually transmitted between infected cats when the transfer of saliva or nasal secretions is involved. If not defeated by the animal’s immune system, the virus can be lethal. FeLV causes immunosuppression in pet cats, and there is also evidence for existence of the virus in larger wild cat populations also (e.g. Lynx, Cheetah, and Lion). Overwhelming epidemiologic evidence suggests FeLV is not transmissible to either humans or dogs. Note: Despite the its name, the disease is not a form of cancer. The name stems from the fact that the first disease associated with the virus was a form of leukemia, and by the time it was discovered that the virus was the causal agent, the misleading name was already being used by pet owners. |
bch-orga-scbd-100357-5
|
Figwort mosaic virus |
Figwort mottle virus, FMV, CMoVb |
|
bch-orga-scbd-101024-4
|
Flaveria bidentis |
Coastal plain yellowtops, FLABI |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103122-3
|
Flaveria trinervia |
Clustered Yellowtops, speedyweed, flaveria, yellow twinstem |
Flaveria trinervia exhibits C4 carbon fixation. |
bch-orga-scbd-105171-4
|
Fowlpox virus |
FOWPV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-45410-3
|
Francisella tularensis |
|
|
bch-orga-scbd-101926-3
|
Galleria mellonella |
Wax moth, Honeycomb Moth |
|
bch-orga-scbd-105172-5
|
Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 |
ILTV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-48969-9
|
Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 |
|
|
bch-orga-scbd-105216-2
|
Gallus gallus |
Chicken, CHICK |
|
bch-orga-scbd-10453-6
|
Glycine max |
Soybean, Soya bean, Soya, SOYBN |
|
bch-orga-scbd-104688-4
|
Gossypium barbadense |
Sea-island cotton, Egyptian cotton, GOSBA |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12080-6
|
Gossypium hirsutum |
Cotton |
Cotton is of the Gossypium genus that is grown on every major continent and on West Indies and Pacific Basin islands. There are about 39 species of Gossypium worldwide, native to the tropics and warm temperate regions. Four have been domesticated and of these, Gossypium hirsutum from Mexico has become the predominant species in commercial cotton production worldwide. |
bch-orga-scbd-115180-1
|
Gypsophila paniculata |
Baby's Breath, Common gypsophila |
Gypsophila paniculata is a perennial herb that is cultivated as a cut flower. Listed as a weed in Manitoba, Canada, as well as California and Washington, United States. |
bch-orga-scbd-100348-5
|
Helianthus annuus |
Sunflower, HELAN |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12129-3
|
Helianthus tuberosus |
Sunflower, Jerusalem artichokes, Sunroot, Sunchoke |
|
bch-orga-scbd-108280-2
|
Hevea brasiliensis |
Rubber tree, Para rubber tree, SiringaTree, Jebe, HEVBR |
|
bch-orga-scbd-45743-4
|
Homo sapiens |
HUMAN |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12110-5
|
Hordeum vulgare |
Barley, HORVU |
|
bch-orga-scbd-115252-3
|
Human alphaherpesvirus 1 |
HHV-1, HSV-1, Herpes simplex virus 1 |
Herpes viruses are enveloped viruses, meaning they contain a lipid envelop surrounding a protein core. Individuals infected with HSV-1 are still at risk for acquiring HSV-2 (genital herpes). |
bch-orga-scbd-103748-3
|
Human betaherpesvirus 5 |
Human cytomegalovirus, HCMV, HHV-5 |
|
bch-orga-scbd-116142-1
|
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
HIV-1 |
The HIV genome consists of two identical single-stranded RNA molecules that are enclosed in the core of the virus particle. The viral particle is approximately 100 nm in size. |
bch-orga-scbd-113222-2
|
Human mastadenovirus C, type 5 |
HAdV-C |
|
bch-orga-scbd-105739-3
|
Human respirovirus 3 |
hPIV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-105222-2
|
Infectious bursal disease virus |
Gumboro virus |
|
bch-orga-scbd-45782-7
|
Influenza A virus |
Influenza, Flu, Avian flu, Human flu, Swine influenza, Equine influenza, Bird flu |
Influenza A virus genome is comprised of 8 negative-sense RNA segments, encoding 10 proteins (hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (N), membrane channel protein, nucleoprotein, matrix protein, polymerase basic 1, polymerase basic 2, polymerase acidic protein, nonstructural protein 1 and nonstructural protein 2). The HA protein is categorized into 18 subtypes and confers the H number in the influenza strain (e.g. H1, H3, etc). Similarly, the N protein has 11 sub-types and confers the N number in the influenza strain (e.g. N1, N2, etc.). During co-infection of two strains, reassortment can occur to produce new strains of influenza. |
bch-orga-scbd-113191-1
|
Ipomoea batatas |
Sweet potato, IPOBA |
|
bch-orga-scbd-110307-2
|
Iris sp. |
Iris, IRIOR |
|
bch-orga-scbd-114709-3
|
Japanese encephalitis virus |
JEV SA14-14-2 |
The wild-type Japanese Encephalitis Virus can be found in East Asia and the Western Pacific islands, ranging from South Pakistan to Papua New Guinea, and Northern Queensland (Australia) to Northern Japan. |
bch-orga-scbd-12128-7
|
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae |
Klebsiella, KLEPO |
|
bch-orga-scbd-113292-2
|
Lachancea kluyveri |
Yeast, LACKL |
|
bch-orga-scbd-104349-2
|
Lactobacillus bulgaricus |
|
|
bch-orga-scbd-100379-4
|
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis |
Streptococcus, Strep |
|
bch-orga-scbd-111561-1
|
Lilium longiflorum |
Easter lily, Trumpet lily, LILLO |
|
bch-orga-scbd-110870-2
|
Limnanthes douglasii |
Douglas' meadowfoam, Poached egg plant, LIMDO |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12087-4
|
Linum usitatissimum |
Flax, Flax, Linseed, LINUS |
Linum usitatissimum L. is a species of the family Linaceae (Flax family). It is an erect, herbaceous annual which branches corymbosely above the main stem. Two types of L. usitatissimum are cultivated: the linseed type, grown for oil extracted from the seed, is a relatively short plant which produces many secondary branches compared to the flax type, grown for the fibre extracted from the stem, which is taller and is less branched. Cultivated flax is an annual reproducing by means of seed. Because of its flower structure and because its "sticky pollen" is rarely transferred by insects, flax is a highly self-pollinated species. The pollen is viable for only a few hours. As the flower opens, the anthers come together and form a cap over the stigma. Dillman (1938) in studying natural crossing in flax reported the range of natural crossing from 0-5%, there being variation among genotypes. |
bch-orga-scbd-110659-2
|
Lotus japonicus |
Birdsfoot trefoil, LOTJA |
Lotus japonicus is a wild legume that belongs to family Fabaceae. Members of this family are very diverse, constituting about 20,000 species. They are of significant agricultural and biological importance as many of the legume species are rich sources of protein and oil and can also fix atmospheric nitrogen. L. japonicus has become a model plant for genome studies in legumes, particularly in reference to rhizobial and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Small genome size of about 470 Mb, diploid genome with 6 haploid chromosomes, a short life cycle of about 2 to 3 months and its perennial nature makes it a convenient plant to study. |
bch-orga-scbd-114747-2
|
Macaca mulatta polyomavirus 1 |
SV40, Simian vacuolating virus 40, simian virus 40, Rhesus macaque polyomavirus |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12099-5
|
Malus domestica |
Apple, MALDO |
The various Malus species include the flowering crabapples, edible fruit crabapples, as well as the domesticated grocery and orchard apples. |
bch-orga-scbd-112539-1
|
Manihot esculenta |
Cassava, Brazilian arrowroot, Yuca, Manioc, Mandioca, MANES |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12100-4
|
Medicago sativa |
Alfalfa, Lucerne, MEDSV |
Lucerne is the most important of the world's forage crops and was domesticated for feeding animals rather than for direct human consumption. There are a wide variety of Medicago sativa cultivars some of which are the product of hybridisation with other wild Medicago species in Europe and Asia. Different cultivars do better in different climatic extremes. Seed production by Lucerne can be detrimentally affected by poor pollination, often because honeybees (Apis mellifera) learn to avoid triggering the anthers and releasing pollen when extracting nectar. Solitary bees such as bumblebees (Bombus) are the best pollinators. |
bch-orga-scbd-110060-2
|
Medicago truncatula |
Barrelclover, Strong-spined medick, Barrel medic, Barrel medick, MEDTR |
|
bch-orga-scbd-105225-3
|
Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1 |
Turkey herpesvirus, Meleagrid herpesvirus 1 |
|
bch-orga-scbd-113293-1
|
Micromonas pusilla |
Picoplanktonic green alga, MICPS |
|
bch-orga-scbd-45740-4
|
Mus musculus |
Mouse, House mouse, MOUSE |
|
bch-orga-scbd-100304-3
|
Musa sp. |
Banana, Plantain |
|
bch-orga-scbd-105337-2
|
Mycoplasma gallisepticum |
MG, MYCGL |
|
bch-orga-scbd-105061-3
|
Narcissus pseudonarcissus |
Wild daffodil, Lent lily, Daffodil, NARPS |
|
bch-orga-scbd-48454-4
|
Nephila clavipes |
Golden silk orbweaver spider |
The female Nephila clavipes has a number of different spinning glands for producing a range of fibres with different properties. The most stable fibre is the dragline, which displays high tensile strength and is therefore of interest for use as a biomaterial. |
bch-orga-scbd-104624-3
|
Neurospora crassa |
NEUCS |
|
bch-orga-scbd-12120-4
|
Nicotiana tabacum |
Tobacco, TOBAC |
Nicotiana tabacum is the plant that is cultivated as the principal source of tobacco. |
bch-orga-scbd-14936-4
|
Ochrobactrum anthropi |
OCHAN |
|
bch-orga-scbd-104717-3
|
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
Chinook Salmon, King Salmon, ONCTS |
|
bch-orga-scbd-100302-4
|
Oreochromis hornorum x Oreochromis aureus |
Hybrid tilapia |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103840-2
|
Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus |
OpMNPV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-10454-5
|
Oryza sativa |
Rice, ORYSA |
Rice is grown worldwide and is a staple food for about a half of the world’s population. It is a nutritious grain crop which contains carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals, etc. Rice straw is an important animal feed in many countries. |
bch-orga-scbd-115348-1
|
Ostreococcus tauri |
Green algae |
Ostreococcus tauri has been described as the smallest free-living eukaryote thusfar described and referred to as a picophytoplankton. Cells are roughly 1 μm and contain a signal chloroplast, mitochondrion, nucleus and Golgi apparatus. The cells also lack a flagella and cell wall. The algae has become a model for researchers, who are particularly interested in the algae as a model for eukaryotic genome evolution. |
bch-orga-scbd-108888-2
|
Paenibacillus macerans |
PAEMA |
|
bch-orga-scbd-15021-5
|
Papaya ringspot virus |
PRSV |
There are two major types of this virus that are serologically indistinguishable and are so closely genetically related that they are now considered the same virus species. The type that gave the virus its name are the Type P isolates (PRSV-P). This type infects papaya and several members of the melon family (Cucurbitaceae). The other type, Type W isolates (PRSV-W), does not infect papaya. Isolates of PRSV-W do infect cucurbits such as watermelon, cucumber, and squash and were originally known as Watermelon mosaic virus 1'. NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH WATERMELON MOSAIC VIRUS 2! |
bch-orga-scbd-115647-1
|
Pavlova lutheri |
|
Pavlova lutheri is a marine algae. |
bch-orga-scbd-101927-4
|
Pea enation mosaic virus 1 |
PEMV-1 |
|
bch-orga-scbd-101928-4
|
Pea seed-borne mosaic virus |
PSbMV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-104661-3
|
Peanut chlorotic streak virus |
PCSV, PClSV |
|
bch-orga-scbd-103104-3
|
Pectinophora gossypiella |
Pink Bollworm |
|
bch-orga-scbd-108042-2
|
Pectobacterium carotovorum |
PECCA |
|
bch-orga-scbd-110308-2
|
Perilla frutescens |
Perilla, Beefsteak mint, Chinese basil, Shiso-zoku, PERFR |
|
bch-orga-scbd-110658-4
|
Pestivirus A |
BVDV-1 |
The virus genome is positive-strand RNA that is translated to form a single virus polyprotein, which, through cleavage by both host and virus proteases, gives rise to either 11 or 12 mature viral proteins (NH2-Npro-C-Erns-E1-E2-p7-NS2-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B-COOH), dependent on the virus biotype |
bch-orga-scbd-110712-3
|
Pestivirus B |
BVDV-2 |
The virus genome is positive-strand RNA that is translated to form a single virus polyprotein, which, through cleavage by both host and virus proteases, gives rise to either 11 or 12 mature viral proteins (NH2-Npro-C-Erns-E1-E2-p7-NS2-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B-COOH), dependent on the virus biotype |
bch-orga-scbd-115653-1
|
Petroselinum crispum |
Parsley |
Parsley is a vitamin- and mineral- rich leafy vegetable, commonly used as a herb in cooking. It has also been used as a traditional medicine and some research indicates that it may have pharmacological uses. The plant is also grown for its essential oils. Extracts from parsley leaves has been used to synthesize nanoparticles. |
bch-orga-scbd-12107-5
|
Petunia hybrida |
Petunia, PETHY |
|
bch-orga-scbd-258640-1
|
Phalaenopsis sp. |
Moth orchid |
Moth orchids are an ornamental, potted flowers of high economic value globally. |
bch-orga-scbd-104363-5
|
Phaseolus vulgaris |
String bean, French bean, Kidney bean, Common Bean, PHAVU |
|
bch-orga-scbd-104331-3
|
Photinus pyralis |
North American firefly, Common Eastern firefly, Big Dipper firefly, PHOPY |
|
bch-orga-scbd-45861-2
|
Photorhabdus luminescens |
Bacteria |
P. luminescens promotes its own transmission among susceptible insect populations using its nematode host. Upon invasion of the host the bacteria are released directly into the open blood system of the insect. Its life cycle comprises a symbiotic stage in the nematode's gut and a virulent stage in the insect larvae, which it kills through toxemia and septicemia. After the nematode attacks a prey insect and P. luminescens is released, the bacterium produces a wide variety of virulence factors ensuring rapid insect killing. Bioconversion of the insect cadaver by exoenzymes produced by the bacteria allow the it to multiply and the nematode to reproduce. During this process P. luminescens produces antibiotics to prevent invasion of the insect cadaver by bacterial or fungal competitors and the carcass becomes visibly luminescent due to the bioluminescence of P. luminescens. Once the infection is established, the insect cadaver is bioconverted into a source of nutrients for both the bacteria and the nematodes. Infective juvenile nematodes subsequently re-acquire the bacteria and leave the insect to infect new hosts. For genomic information, see References. The bacteria alone are highly lethal to insect larvae when injected into the hemocoel, with less than 30 P. luminescens cells causing 50% mortality to insect larvae (LD50), but are not pathogenic when ingested by insect larvae. |
bch-orga-scbd-260478-1
|
Physarum polycephalum |
Plasmodial slime molds, Slime mold, PHYPO |
Physarum polycephalum is a large, yellow slime mold that is commonly studied in laboratories due to its ease to culture and highly visible cytoplasmic streaming. The organism is essentially a giant multi-nucleated, unicellular protist stretching up to hundreds of squared centimeters. There are no cell walls or membrane separating the nuclei. It uses tubular elements, chemical signals and circulating nutrients to form pseudopods that allow it to navigate in the environment. They can digest solid food similar to an amoeba or secret enzymes and absorb the nutrients. They feed on bacteria, protozoa, fungal spores, and other decaying organic material. Under adverse conditions, sclerotia (hardened resting structures of irregular form consisting of minute cell-like components). Once favourable conditions return, the sclerotia are converted back to the active growing plasmodium stage. Under conditions of starvation and sunlight, fruiting bodies form that release haploid spores. When moist conditions return, the spores will germinate as either amoeboid cells or as flagellates (if they germinate in a liquid environment). Two haploid amoeboid cells and their nuclei can fuse to begin growth into the multinucleated (with diploid nuclei) plasmodium. P. polycephalum is used for motility, cellular differentiation, chemotaxis and problem solving studies. However, they are also used for studies of RNA editing as it is the only organism known to edit RNA by both insertion and substitution of nucleotides. |
bch-orga-scbd-115268-1
|
Physcomitrella patens |
spreading earthmoss, physcomitrella moss |
Physcomitrella patens is a model organism used for studying plant evolution, development and physiology because the species is a basal lineage of land plants (first land plants). Thus, the species is considered to be at an important phylogenetic position for understanding evolution to 'higher' plants. P. patens has also emerged as a model plant because of its high homologous recombination frequency that enables efficient gene targeting, a relatively simple morphology and a small genome size (~500Mb). The moss genome contains 27 chromosomes with 32,926 loci encoding 87,533 protein-coding transcripts. |
bch-orga-scbd-115642-1
|
|