Abstract:

General Surveillance of genetically modified plants in the Netherlands:
European legislation stipulates that the commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops should be monitored (General Surveillance, GS) to check whether unexpected, adverse effects on the environment could occur. The general idea in the EU is that the focus of GS should be on aspects such as biodiversity and a healthy soil. Since unexpected effects are difficult to track, it has not been clear how GS should be set up. Therefore, initially, GS will make use of already existing monitoring networks.

Suitable networks:
Within this context, the RIVM investigated which networks could be used for the general surveillance of genetically modified crops in the Netherlands. These were the Ecological Monitoring Network that follows the development of flora and fauna in the Netherlands, and the Biological Indicator System of Soil Quality that keeps track of soil quality. In addition, satellite observations can be used to detect changes in vegetation. It is possible that GM crops will be cultivated on a commercial scale in the Netherlands in the near future.

Research method:
This research was commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, and offers guidance with regard to existing networks. Firstly, existing networks in the Netherlands were systematically documented. Thereafter, they were examined based on criteria that ensures the long-term collection of reliable and relevant data for GS on biodiversity and soil quality. Subsequently, the possibilities of detecting unexpected environmental effects through GS was investigated. The report drawn up from this research can also be used to set up a GS system in other EU member states, or to come to an integrated European GS system.