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Living Modified Organism (LMO)
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Decisions on the LMO Risk Assessments  
last updated: 10 Jul 2026
Living Modified Organism identity
The image below identifies the LMO through its unique identifier, trade name and a link to this page of the BCH. Click on it to download a larger image on your computer. For help on how to use it go to the LMO quick-links page.
Insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize
EN
BT11 × MIR162 × 4114 × NK603
Yes
SYN-BTØ11-1 × SYN-ØØØ98-3 × DP-ØØ4114-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6
The maize (Zea mays) was produced through cross‑breeding of modified parental varieties SYN-BTØ11-1, SYN-ØØØ98-3, DP-ØØ4114-3 and MON-ØØ6Ø3-6.
Maize SYN-BTØ11-1 was modified for resistance to the Lepidoptera insect European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicides. To achieve resistance to the European corn borer, the maize expresses cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which have a pore forming mode-of-action in the epithelial lining of feeding larvae; cry1Ab produces a crystal delta-endotoxin that binds to specific midgut receptors in the insect larva, forming pores that disrupt osmotic balance and cause fatal cell lysis. To achieve resistance to glufosinate, the maize expresses the gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes encoding phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase encoding gene, which inactivates the active compound L-phosphinothricin through acetylation of the primary amino group.
Maize SYN-ØØØ98-3 was modified for resistance against coleopteran insects, particularly western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica berberi), and Mexican corn rootworm (Diabrotica vigifera zeae). The LM maize was also modified for tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicides and used as a marker selection for transformants. To achieve resistance against coleopteran pests, the maize expresses the eCry3.1Ab and mCry3A genes which have a pore forming mode-of-action in the epithelial lining of feeding larvae; eCry3.1Ab and mCry3A produce a crystal delta-endotoxin that binds to specific midgut receptors in the insect larva, forming pores that disrupt osmotic balance and cause fatal cell lysis. For the selectable marker, to achieve tolerance to glufosinate, the maize expresses expresses the gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes encoding phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase, which inactivates the active compound L-phosphinothricin through acetylation of the primary amino group.
Maize DP-ØØ4114-3 was modified for resistance to lepidoptera, including European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), and coleoptera insect pests including corn rootworm pests, such as the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), and tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicide. To achieve resistance to lepidopteran insects, the maize expresses the cryIF gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. To achieve resistance to coleopteran insects, the maize expresses the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from Bacillus thuringiensis. The cry genes have a pore forming mode-of-action in the epithelial lining of feeding larvae; they produce a crystal delta-endotoxin that binds to specific midgut receptors in the insect larva, forming pores that disrupt osmotic balance and cause fatal cell lysis. To achieve glufosinate tolerance, the maize expresses the gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes encoding phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase, which inactivates the active compound L-phosphinothricin through acetylation of the primary amino group.
Maize MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 was modified for tolerance to glyphosate herbicides. To achieve glyphosate tolerance, the maize expresses enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, encoded by the cp4 epsps gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4, which has reduced binding affinity for glyphosate and allows continued synthesis of aromatic amino acids through the shikimate pathway in the presence of the herbicide.
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The term “Recipient organism” refers to an organism (either already modified or non-modified) that was subjected to genetic modification, whereas “Parental organisms” refers to those that were involved in cross breeding or cell fusion.
  • BCH-LMO-SCBD-14776-18 Living Modified Organism MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 - Roundup Ready™ maize
    Monsanto | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate)
  • BCH-LMO-SCBD-14797-16 Living Modified Organism SYN-BTØ11-1 - Agrisure™ CB/LL
    Syngenta | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)), Resistance to herbicides (Glufosinate)
  • BCH-LMO-SCBD-104976-3 Living Modified Organism DP-ØØ4114-3 - Insect-Resistant and Herbicide-Tolerant Maize
    Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)), Resistance to herbicides (Glufosinate)
  • BCH-ORGA-SCBD-246-6 Organism Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)
    Crops
  • BCH-LMO-SCBD-111968-3 Living Modified Organism SYN-ØØØ98-3 - Insect resistant herbicide tolerant maize
    Syngenta (Novartis (Ciba-Geigy)) | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Coleoptera (beetles), Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi)), Resistance to herbicides (Glufosinate)
EN
Characteristics of the modification process
pZO1502 derived from pUC18; pSYN17629; PHP27118; PV-ZMGT32
EN
  • Cross breeding
Some of these genetic elements may be present as fragments or truncated forms. Please see notes below, where applicable.
  • BCH-GENE-SCBD-100287-7 CaMV 35S promoter | Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)
    Promoter
  • BCH-GENE-SCBD-103625-3 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1, intron 6 | Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)
    Intron
  • BCH-GENE-SCBD-14985-12 Cry1Ab | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt, Bacillus, BACTU)
    Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths))
  • BCH-GENE-SCBD-100269-8 Nopaline Synthase Gene Terminator | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Agrobacterium)
    Terminator
  • BCH-GENE-SCBD-103867-2 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1, intron 2 | Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)
    Intron
  • BCH-GENE-SCBD-15002-5 Phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase | Streptomyces viridochromogenes (STRVR)
    Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glufosinate)
  • BCH-GENE-SCBD-100362-7 Ubiquitin gene promoter | Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)
    Promoter
  • BCH-GENE-SCBD-100887-5 Vegetative insecticidal protein 3Aa20 | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt, Bacillus, BACTU)
    Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths))
  • BCH-GENE-SCBD-101406-4 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, intron 9 | Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)
    Intron
  • BCH-GENE-SCBD-15003-7 Phosphomannose Isomerase gene | Escherichia coli (ECOLX)
    Protein coding sequence | Mannose tolerance,Selectable marker genes and reporter genes
DNA insert from SYN-BTØ11-1 (vector pZO1502)
The DNA insert from maize SYN-BTØ11-1 contained two genetic cassettes expressing the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes.
(1) The cry1Ab gene is under the control of the 35S Cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase gene terminator. An alcohol dehydrogenase 1 intron (intron 6) from Zea mays was included to enhance expression of the cry1Ab sequence from Bacillus thuringiensis. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter accompanied by intron-mediated enhancement.
(2) The pat gene is regulated by the 35S promoter from Cauliflower mosaic virus and the nopaline synthase gene terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The Zea mays alcohol dehydrogenase 1 intron (intron 2) from was also included to enhance expression of the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase sequence from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter accompanied by intron-mediated enhancement.
Note
  • The plasmid carrying the DNA transfer was digested by restriction enzyme NotI and only the fragments containing the two expression cassettes were inserted into the LM maize. The AMPr gene encoding ampicillin resistance and an origin of replication were not inserted.
  • Southern blot analysis confirmed the absence of unwanted DNA fragments in the transformant generations.

DNA insert from SYN-ØØØ98-3 (vector pSYN17629)
The transforming plasmid for maize SYN-ØØØ98-3 contained a transfer DNA region comprising three gene cassettes: two expressing insecticidal proteins, mCry3A derived from Bacillus thuringiensis and eCry3.1Ab, and one used for positive transformant selection, expressing the herbicide tolerance protein phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT).
(1) The synthetic insecticidal protein eCry3.1Ab gene is regulated by the Cestrum yellow leaf curling virus promoter and the nopaline synthase terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A nopaline synthase enhancer from Agrobacterium tumefaciens was added to enhance the expression of eCry3.1Ab. Due to the presence of an enhancer and the constitutive nature of the promoter, high levels of transcription are expected.
(2) The mCry3A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is regulated by the ubiquitin gene promoter from Zea mays and the nopaline synthase terminator from A. tumefaciens. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter.
(3) The pat gene from A. tumefaciens strain Tu494 is used as a selectable marker for transformants, and the gene is under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and the nopaline synthase terminator from A. tumefaciens. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter.
Note
  • The gene eCry3.1Ab is a fusion between the 5′ end of a modified Cry3A gene (mCry3A) and the 3′ end of a synthetic Cry1Ab gene.
  • Molecular characterization of MZIR098 was carried out using nucleotide sequencing and Southern blot analyses.
  • These analyses indicated that a single copy of the T-DNA was inserted in to the genome of the recipient organism and that and it does not contain the plasmid backbone sequence from transformation plasmid pSYN17629.
  • Sequence analysis of the MZIR098 insertion site demonstrated that 24-bp from the corn genomic sequence was deleted during the integration of the MZIR098 insert.

DNA insert from DP-ØØ4114-3 (vector PHP27118)
The transforming plasmid for maize DP-ØØ4114-3 contained a transfer DNA region comprising four gene cassettes: three expressing insecticidal proteins, cryIF, cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, and one cassette used for positive transformant selection expressing the herbicide tolerance protein phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT).
(1) The cryIF gene is regulated by the ubiquitin gene promoter from Zea mays and the ORF25 polyA terminator sequence from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. An intron from Zea mays (intron 1) was included to enhance expression of the cryIF sequence from Bacillus thuringiensis. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter accompanied by intron-mediated enhancement.
(2) The cry34Ab1 gene is regulated by the ubiquitin gene promoter from Z. mays and the proteinase inhibitor II terminator from Solanum tuberosum. The intron 1 from Z. mays was included to enhance expression of the cry34Ab1 sequence from B. thuringiensis. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter accompanied by intron-mediated enhancement.
(3) The cry35Ab1 gene is regulated peroxidase gene promoter from Triticum aestivum by the ubiquitin gene promoter from Z. mays and the proteinase inhibitor II terminator from Solanum tuberosum. An intron from Z. mays was included to enhance expression of the cry35Ab1 sequence from B. thuringiensis. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter.
(4) The pat is used as a selectable marker for transformants, and the gene is regulated by the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and terminator.
Note
  • The polyubiquitin gene promoter element is made up of the promoter region (900bp) and the 5’ untranslated region of the polyubiquitin gene (83 bp).
  • Southern blot analyses indicated that a single, intact transformation cassette was inserted into the genome of 4114 maize with no integration of the backbone of plasmid PHP27118.

DNA insert from MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 (vector PV-ZMGT32)
The DNA insert from maize MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 contains two adjacent genetic cassettes expressing the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene (CP4 EPSPS) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4. 
(1) The cp4 epsps gene is under the regulation of the rice actin promoter (P-Ract1) and the rice actin intron (I-Ract1) and the 3' UTR region of the nopaline synthase gene (nos 3'). An intron from Oryza sativa (I-Ract1) was included to enhance expression of the cp4 epsps sequence from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast transit peptide 2 to direct the translated CP4 EPSPS protein to the chloroplast.
(2) The cp4 epsps gene is regulated by the enhanced Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV e35S) and the 3' UTR region of the nopaline synthase gene (nos 3'). An intron from the Zea mays heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was included to enhance expression of the cp4 epsps sequence from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast transit peptide 2 to direct the translated CP4 EPSPS protein to the chloroplast.
Note 
  • The plasmid carrying the DNA transfer was digested by restriction enzyme MluI and only the fragments containing the two expression cassettes were inserted into the LM maize. The nptII gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase II for kanamycin resistance and an origin of replication were not inserted.
  • Maize line NK603 contains one insertion site containing a single copy of the linear DNA of PV-ZMGT32 used for transformation. Both cp4 epsps gene cassettes within the single insert which are intact.
  • Promoter e35S is a 0.61Kb long sequence containing the promoter and leader for the CaMV 35S RNA containing the duplicated enhancer region. 

For additional information on this LMO, please refer to the records of the parental LMOs.
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LMO characteristics
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  • Feed
  • Food
Additional Information
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