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Living Modified Organism
(LMO)
The image below identifies the LMO through its unique identifier, trade name and a link to this page of the BCH. Click on it to download a larger image on your computer. For help on how to use it go to the LMO quick-links page.
Insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize
EN
Bt11 × MIR162 × NK603
Yes
SYN-BTØ11-1 × SYN-IR162-4 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6
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Organization:Syngenta Seeds GmbH ()Private sector (business and industry)Syngenta Seeds GmbH Zum Knipkenbach 20Bad Salzuflen,
32107, GermanyPhone: +49 52 22 5308-0,Fax: +49 52 22 5308-12,Email: info.seeds@syngenta.com,Website: http://www.syngenta-seeds.de/de/,
The maize (Zea mays) was produced through cross‑breeding of modified parental varieties SYN-BTØ11-1, SYN-IR162-4, and MON-ØØ6Ø3-6.
Maize SYN-BTØ11-1 was modified for resistance to the Lepidoptera insect European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicides. To achieve resistance to the European corn borer, the maize expresses cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which have a pore forming mode-of-action in the epithelial lining of feeding larvae; cry1Ab produces a crystal delta-endotoxin that binds to specific midgut receptors in the insect larva, forming pores that disrupt osmotic balance and cause fatal cell lysis. To achieve resistance to glufosinate, the maize expresses the gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes encoding phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase encoding gene, which inactivates the active compound L-phosphinothricin through acetylation of the primary amino group.
Maize SYN-IR162-4 was modified for resistance against lepidopteran insect pests including fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), true armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta). The LM maize was also modified to express a selectable marker. To achieve resistance against lepidopteran insects, the maize expresses the vegetative insecticidal protein gene (vip3Aa20), a variant of the native vip3Aa gene isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis strain AB88, which is secreted during the vegetative growth phase of the bacterium; Vip3Aa20 is a vegetative insecticidal protein that binds to specific midgut receptors distinct from those recognized by Cry proteins, disrupts the integrity of epithelial cell membranes, and ultimately causes gut paralysis and death of the feeding larvae. For the selection marker, the maize expresses the manA gene from Escherichia coli, which encodes for phosphomannose isomerase.
Maize SYN-BTØ11-1 was modified for resistance to the Lepidoptera insect European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicides. To achieve resistance to the European corn borer, the maize expresses cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which have a pore forming mode-of-action in the epithelial lining of feeding larvae; cry1Ab produces a crystal delta-endotoxin that binds to specific midgut receptors in the insect larva, forming pores that disrupt osmotic balance and cause fatal cell lysis. To achieve resistance to glufosinate, the maize expresses the gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes encoding phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase encoding gene, which inactivates the active compound L-phosphinothricin through acetylation of the primary amino group.
Maize SYN-IR162-4 was modified for resistance against lepidopteran insect pests including fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), true armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta). The LM maize was also modified to express a selectable marker. To achieve resistance against lepidopteran insects, the maize expresses the vegetative insecticidal protein gene (vip3Aa20), a variant of the native vip3Aa gene isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis strain AB88, which is secreted during the vegetative growth phase of the bacterium; Vip3Aa20 is a vegetative insecticidal protein that binds to specific midgut receptors distinct from those recognized by Cry proteins, disrupts the integrity of epithelial cell membranes, and ultimately causes gut paralysis and death of the feeding larvae. For the selection marker, the maize expresses the manA gene from Escherichia coli, which encodes for phosphomannose isomerase.
Maize MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 was modified for tolerance to glyphosate herbicides. To achieve glyphosate tolerance, the maize expresses enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, encoded by the cp4 epsps gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4, which has reduced binding affinity for glyphosate and allows continued synthesis of aromatic amino acids through the shikimate pathway in the presence of the herbicide.
The term “Recipient organism” refers to an organism (either already modified or non-modified) that was subjected to genetic modification, whereas “Parental organisms” refers to those that were involved in cross breeding or cell fusion.
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BCH-LMO-SCBD-14776-18 Living Modified Organism MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 - Roundup Ready™ maizeMonsanto | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate)
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BCH-LMO-SCBD-14797-16 Living Modified Organism SYN-BTØ11-1 - Agrisure™ CB/LLSyngenta | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)), Resistance to herbicides (Glufosinate)
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BCH-ORGA-SCBD-246-6 Organism Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)Crops
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BCH-LMO-SCBD-100885-13 Living Modified Organism SYN-IR162-4 - Agrisure™ Viptera maizeResistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths))
EN
pZO1502 derived from pUC18, PHI8999A derived from plasmid PHP8999, PV-ZMGT32
EN
- Cross breeding
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0.550 kb
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0.550 kb
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0.200 kb
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0.510 kb
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0.470 kb
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1.850 kb
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0.250 kb
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0.420 kb
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0.180 kb
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0.550 kb
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0.250 kb
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Some of these genetic elements may be present as fragments or truncated forms. Please see notes below, where applicable.
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-100287-7 CaMV 35S promoter | Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)Promoter
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-15002-5 Phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase | Streptomyces viridochromogenes (STRVR)Protein coding sequence | Resistance to herbicides (Glufosinate)
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-100290-6 CaMV 35S terminator | Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)Terminator
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-100362-7 Ubiquitin gene promoter | Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)Promoter
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-14987-8 Cry1F | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt, Bacillus, BACTU)Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths))
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-100363-5 ORF25 PolyA Terminator sequence | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Agrobacterium)Terminator
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-103625-3 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1, intron 6 | Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)Intron
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-14985-12 Cry1Ab | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt, Bacillus, BACTU)Protein coding sequence | Resistance to diseases and pests (Insects, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths))
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-100269-8 Nopaline Synthase Gene Terminator | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Agrobacterium)Terminator
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BCH-GENE-SCBD-103867-2 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1, intron 2 | Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)Intron
DNA insert from SYN-BTØ11-1 (vector pZO1502)
The DNA insert from maize SYN-BTØ11-1 contained two genetic cassettes expressing the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. Both cassettes were introduced by particle acceleration (biolistic) transformation.
(1) The cry1Ab gene is under the control of the 35S Cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase gene terminator. An alcohol dehydrogenase 1 intron (intron 6) from Zea mays was included to enhance expression of the cry1Ab sequence from Bacillus thuringiensis. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter accompanied by intron-mediated enhancement.
(2) The pat gene is regulated by the 35S promoter from Cauliflower mosaic virus and the nopaline synthase gene terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The Zea mays alcohol dehydrogenase 1 intron (intron 2) from was also included to enhance expression of the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase sequence from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter accompanied by intron-mediated enhancement.
Note
The DNA insert from maize SYN-BTØ11-1 contained two genetic cassettes expressing the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. Both cassettes were introduced by particle acceleration (biolistic) transformation.
(1) The cry1Ab gene is under the control of the 35S Cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase gene terminator. An alcohol dehydrogenase 1 intron (intron 6) from Zea mays was included to enhance expression of the cry1Ab sequence from Bacillus thuringiensis. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter accompanied by intron-mediated enhancement.
(2) The pat gene is regulated by the 35S promoter from Cauliflower mosaic virus and the nopaline synthase gene terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The Zea mays alcohol dehydrogenase 1 intron (intron 2) from was also included to enhance expression of the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase sequence from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter accompanied by intron-mediated enhancement.
Note
- The plasmid carrying the DNA transfer was digested by restriction enzyme NotI and only the fragments containing the two expression cassettes were inserted into the LM maize. The AMPr gene encoding ampicillin resistance and an origin of replication were not inserted.
- Southern blot analysis confirmed the absence of unwanted DNA fragments in the transformant generations.
DNA insert from SYN-IR162-4 (vector pNOV1300)
The transforming plasmid for maize SYN-IR162-4 contained a transfer DNA (T-DNA) region comprising two genetic cassettes: one expressing the vegetative insecticidal protein gene, vip3Aa20, from Bacillus thuringiensis for the modified resistant trait and one expressing phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) as a selection marker.
(1) The vip3Aa20 gene is regulated by the ubiquitin gene promoter from Zea mays and the 35S Cauliflower mosaic virus terminator. The Zea mays phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase intron 9 (iPEPC9) from Z. mays was also included to enhance expression of the Vip3Aa20 sequence from Bacillus thuringiensis. High levels of transcription are expected due to the strong constitutive promoter accompanied by intron-mediated enhancement.
(2) The pmi gene was used as a selectable marker for transformants and is under the control of the Z. mays ubiquitin gene promoter and the nopaline synthase gene terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Note
- The variant of the native B. thuringiensis Vip3Aa, named vip3Aa19, has codon changes that result in a single M129I amino acid substitution was inserted into the transformation cassette. During the transformation process an additional DNA mutation resulted in a K284Q amino acid substitution. This final form was designated the name Vip3Aa20.
- The pNOV1300 vector region between the left and right border sequences, which included the vip3Aa19 and pmi gene expression cassettes, was inserted into the maize genome during transformation.
- Southern blot analyses demonstrated that the T-DNA insert contains: i) single copies of a vip3Aa20 gene and a pmi gene; ii) two copies of the ZmUbiInt promoter; iii) one copy of the NOS terminator; and iv) no backbone sequences from transformation plasmid pNOV1300.
DNA insert from MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 (vector PV-ZMGT32)
The DNA insert from maize MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 contains two adjacent genetic cassettes expressing the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene (CP4 EPSPS) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4. Both cassettes were introduced by particle acceleration (biolistic) transformation.
(1) The cp4 epsps gene is under the regulation of the rice actin promoter (P-Ract1) and the rice actin intron (I-Ract1) and the 3' UTR region of the nopaline synthase gene (nos 3'). An intron from Oryza sativa (I-Ract1) was included to enhance expression of the cp4 epsps sequence from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast transit peptide 2 to direct the translated CP4 EPSPS protein to the chloroplast.
(2) The cp4 epsps gene is regulated by the enhanced Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (e35S) and the 3' UTR region of the nopaline synthase gene (nos 3'). An intron from the Zea mays heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was included to enhance expression of the cp4 epsps sequence from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast transit peptide 2 to direct the translated CP4 EPSPS protein to the chloroplast.
Note
- The plasmid carrying the DNA transfer was digested by restriction enzyme MluI and only the fragments containing the two expression cassettes were inserted into the LM maize. The nptII gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) for kanamycin resistance and an origin of replication were not inserted.
- Maize line NK603 contains one insertion site containing a single copy of the linear DNA of PV-ZMGT32 used for transformation. Both cp4 epsps gene cassettes within the single insert which are intact.
- Promoter e35S is a 0.61Kb long sequence containing the promoter and leader for the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA containing the duplicated enhancer region.
For additional information on this LMO, please refer to the records of the parental LMOs.
EN
- Biofuel
- Feed
- Food
- SYN-BTØ11-1 - EU Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (EURL-GMFF) [ English ]
- DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 - EU Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (EURL-GMFF) [ English ]
- MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 - EU Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (EURL-GMFF) ( JRC ) [ English ]
- SYN-BTØ11-1 - EU Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (EURL-GMFF) ( JRC ) [ English ]
- SYN-IR162-4 - EU Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (EURL-GMFF) ( JRC ) [ English ]
- SYN-BTØ11-1 - CropLife International Detection Methods Database ( CropLife ) [ English ]
- SYN-IR162-4 - CropLife International Detection Methods Database ( CropLife ) [ English ]
- MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 - CropLife International Detection Methods Database ( CropLife ) [ English ]
EN
About MON-ØØ6Ø3-6: Glyphosate specifically binds to and inactivates the enzyme EPSPS, which is part of an important plant biochemical pathway called the shikimate pathway. The shikimate pathway is involved in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, as well as other aromatic compounds. When conventional plants are treated with glyphosate they cannot produce the aromatic amino acids essential to their survival. The modified maize line permits farmers to use glyphosate-containing herbicides for weed control in the cultivation of maize. The EPSPS enzyme is present in all plants, bacteria and fungi, but not in animals, which do not synthesize their own aromatic amino acids. Thus, EPSPS is normally present in food derived from plant and microbial sources.
